O itinerário terapêutico da criança com doença falciforme / El itinerario terapéutico del niño con anemia falciforme / The therapeutic itinerary of the child withfalciform disease

RESUMO Objetivo: conhecer o itinerário terapêutico da criança com doença falciforme acompanhada em um ambulatório de hematologia de um hospital público infantil. Método: pesquisa qualitativa realizada em um ambulatório de hematologia pediátrica de um hospital público do estado do Espírito Santo. A coleta dos dados ocorreu no período de janeiro a junho de 2019 por meio da entrevista semiestruturada com 10 familiares da criança com doença falciforme. Os dados foram submetidos à Análise Temática. Resultados: o itinerário terapêutico se inicia a partir da descoberta da doença e encaminhamento aos serviços de saúde especializados. Os participantes relataram o conhecimento sobre a crise e quais os locais de atendimento que levam a criança para ser atendida. Além disso, houve relato quanto à frequência de consultas e o acesso ao serviço, demostrando não terem dificuldade com ele e estarem satisfeitos com o atendimento prestado. Considerações finais: o estudo revelou um itinerário terapêutico no qual a criança perpassa por serviços de saúde gerais no momento do diagnóstico e é encaminhada para o serviço especializado, na rede de atenção à saúde secundária, para seguimento do seu tratamento e prevenção das complicações. Além disso, os serviços de saúde são eficazes, porém centralizados.

RESUMEN Objetivo: conocer el itinerario terapéutico del niño con anemia falciforme acompañado en un centro ambulatorio de hematología de un hospital público infantil. Método: investigación cualitativa realizada en un centro ambulatorio de hematología pediátrica de un hospital público del estado de Espírito Santo-Brasil. La recolección de los datos ocurrió en el período de enero a junio de 2019 por medio de entrevista semiestructurada con 10 familiares del niño con anemia falciforme. Los datos fueron sometidos al Análisis Temático. Resultados: el itinerario terapéutico se inicia a partir del descubrimiento de la enfermedad y el encaminamiento a los servicios de salud especializados. Los participantes relataron el conocimiento sobre la crisis y cuáles los lugares de atención que llevan al niño para ser atendido. Asimismo, hubo relato sobre la frecuencia de consultas y el acceso al servicio, demostrando no tener dificultad con él y que están satisfechos con la atención prestada. Consideraciones finales: el estudio reveló un itinerario terapéutico en el cual el niño pasa por servicios de salud generales en el momento del diagnóstico y es encaminado para el servicio especializado, en la red de atención a la salud secundaria, para la continuación de su tratamiento y la prevención de las complicaciones. Además, los servicios de salud son eficaces, pero centralizados.

ABSTRACT Objective: to know the therapeutic itinerary of the child with a sickle cell disease monitored in a hematology clinic of a public children's hospital. Method: this is qualitative research carried out in a pediatric hematology clinic of a public hospital in the state of Espírito Santo. Data collection washeld from January to June 2019 through semi-structured interviews with 10 family members of the child with a sickle cell disease. We submitted the data to the Thematic Analysis. Results: the therapeutic itinerary begins with the discovery of the disease and referral to specialized health services. The participants reported their knowledge of the crisis and the places of care to which they take the child to be attended. Also, there was a report regarding the frequency of consultations and access to the service, showing that they have no difficulty with it and are satisfied with the service provided. Final considerations: the study revealed a therapeutic itinerary in which the child goes through general health services at the time of diagnosis and is referred to the specialized service, in the secondary health care network to monitor his treatment and prevent complications. The health services are also effective, yet centralized.

Sanitary and physiological quality of 'purple' corn (Zea mays L. ) seeds submitted to thermotherapy / Qualidade sanitária e fisiológica de sementes de milho 'Roxo' (Zea mays L. ) submetidas à termoterapia

The use of seeds with good sanitary and physiological potential ensures the establishment of the crop, with a uniform, vigorous and disease-free seedling stand, which will result in good productivity levels. Seen that, the objective was to evaluate the sanitary and physiological quality of purple corn seeds (Zea mays L.) submitted to thermotherapy. They were subjected to heat treatment with immersion in sterile distilled water (SDW) heated at 50, 60 and 70 °C for 1, 2, and 3 minutes. The control (0 min) correspondens only to immersing the seeds in SDW, which were submitted to sanitary and germination tests in a completely randomized experimental design, in a factorial arrangement 3 × 3 + 1 (exposure time × temperature + additional control). Data were subjected to analysis of variance, and the means were compared with the Scott-Knott test up to 5% of probability, with the aid of the statistical program SISVAR®. Immersing Zea mays seeds in hot water at 50, 60 and 70 °C for 1, 2, and 3 minutes is efficient to prevent the increased incidence of Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., and Fusarium sp. The heat treatment at 60 °C for 1 and 2 minutes of immersion reduces the incidence of fungal mycoflora without impairing the physiological quality of seeds.(AU)

O uso de sementes com bom potencial sanitário e fisiológico garante o estabelecimento da cultura, com estande de plântulas uniformes, vigorosas e livres de doenças, que consequentemente resultará em bons níveis de produtividade. Diante do exposto, objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade sanitária e fisiológica de sementes de milho roxo (Zea mays L.) submetidas à termoterapia, por meio de tratamento térmico com imersão em água destilada esterilizada (ADE), aquecida à temperatura de 50, 60 e 70 °C por 1, 2 e 3 minutos. O controle (0 min) correspondeu apenas à imersão das sementes em ADE. As sementes foram submetidas aos testes de sanidade e germinação em delineamento experimental inteiramente randomizado em esquema fatorial 3 × 3 + 1 (tempo de exposição × temperatura + controle adicional). Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Scott-Knott até 5% de probabilidade, com o auxílio do programa estatístico SISVAR®. A imersão das sementes de Zea mays em água quente a 50, 60 e 70 °C durante 1, 2 e 3 minutos é eficiente para impedir o aumento da incidência de Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp. e Fusarium sp. O tratamento térmico a 60 °C por 1 e 2 minutos de imersão reduz a incidência da micoflora fúngica, sem prejudicar a qualidade fisiológica das sementes.(AU)

Can fish oil supplementation and physical training improve oxidative metabolism in aged rat hearts?

AIMS: It is well known that in the aging process a variety of physiological functions such as cardiac physiology and energy metabolism decline. Imbalance in production and elimination of reactive oxygen species (ROS) may induce oxidative stress. Research shows that oxidative stress is an important factor in the aging process. Studies suggest that É·-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and moderate physical exercise modulate the ROS system. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate whether É·-3 present in fish oil supplementation coupled with moderate physical training could improve antioxidant and metabolic enzymes in the hearts of adult and aged rats and, if these effects could be associated to glycemia, plasma lipid profile or murinometric parameters. MAIN METHODS: Adult (weighing 315.1±9.3g) and aged rats (weighing 444.5±11.8g) exercised and receive fish oil supplementation for 4weeks. Then they were used to evaluate murinometric parameters, fasting glucose and lipid profile. After this, their hearts were collected to measure the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), antioxidant enzyme activity (superoxide dismutase-SOD, catalase-CAT, glutathione peroxidase-GPx) and oxidative metabolism marker (citrate synthase-CS activity). KEY FINDINGS: Fish oil supplementation increases HDL concentration and activity of CAT and CS. Moreover, physical training coupled with fish oil supplementation induces additional effects on SOD, GPx and CS activity mainly in aged rats. SIGNIFICANCE: Our data suggest that combined treatment in aged rat hearts improves the antioxidant capacities and metabolic enzyme that can prevent the deleterious effects of aging.

Fluoxetine treatment of rat neonates significantly reduces oxidative stress in the hippocampus and in behavioral indicators of anxiety later in postnatal life.

The brain, more than any other organ in the body, is vulnerable to oxidative stress damage, owing to its requirement for high levels of oxygenation. This is needed to fulfill its metabolic needs in the face of relatively low levels of protective antioxidants. Recent studies have suggested that oxidative stress is directly involved in the etiology of both eating and anxiety behavior. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of fluoxetine-inhibited serotonin reuptake in nursing rat neonates on behavior and on oxidative stress in the hypothalamus and the hippocampus; brain areas responsible for behavior related to food and anxiety, respectively. The results show that increased serotonin levels during a critical period of development do not induce significant differences in food-related behavior (intake and satiety), but do result in a in a significant decrease in anxiety. Measurements of oxidative stress showed a significant reduction of lipid peroxidation in the hippocampus (57%). In the hypothalamus, antioxidant enzymes were unchanged, but in the hippocampus, the activity of catalase and glutathione-S-transferase was increased (80% and 85% respectively). This suggests that protecting neural cells from oxidative stress during brain development contributes to the anxiolytic effects of serotonin.

Os efeitos da música em idosos com doença de Alzheimer de uma instituição de longa permanência / The effects of music on aged Alzheimer patients in a long-term care facility / Efectos de la música en ancianos con enfermedad de Alzheimer de una institución de larga permanencia

O presente trabalho trata-se de estudo descritivo-exploratório de abordagem qualitativa, cujo objetivo foi descrever os efeitos do uso da música em idosos com Alzheimer de uma instituição de longa permanência. Participaram da pesquisa cinco idosos com Alzheimer, que compartilharam sessões musicais. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, instrumento de acompanhamento do idoso e diário de campo, sendo averiguados pela análise de conteúdo e modalidade temática. Os resultados evidenciaram os efeitos benéficos da música na vida atual do idoso, possibilitando resgate de lembranças relacionadas aos familiares, lugares e situações vivenciadas, à memória musical e à memória recente; evocação de sentimentos; expressão de manifestações corporais por meio da fisionomia facial e sua influência no controle da dor. Concluiu-se que a música proporcionou aos idosos a sensação de bem-estar, alívio da dor, relaxamento, distração e conforto.

This descriptive-exploratory study was performed using a qualitative approach with the objective to describe the effect of music on aged Alzheimer patients living in a long-term care facility. The participants were five aged Alzheimer patients who participated in musical sessions. Data collection was performed through semi-structured interviews using an instrument to evaluate the aged patients, as well as a diary. Thematic content analysis was performed. The results showed the beneficial effects of music in the current lives of the aged patients, allowing them to recover memories related to relatives, places and lived situations; to their musical memory and recent memory; in evoking feelings; making facial expressions; and on their pain control. In conclusion, music provides aged patients with a sense of wellbeing, pain relief, relaxation, entertainment and comfort.

Estudio descriptivo-exploratorio de abordaje cualitativo, cuyo objetivo fue describir los efectos del uso de la música en ancianos con Alzheimer de una institución de larga permanencia. Participaron cinco ancianos con Alzheimer, que compartieron sesiones musicales. Datos recolectados mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas, instrumento de seguimiento del anciano y diario de campo, estudiados según análisis de contenido, modalidad temática. Los resultados evidenciaron los efectos beneficiosos de la música en la vida actual del anciano, posibilitando rescate de recuerdos relacionados a los familiares, lugares reconocibles y situaciones experimentadas, a la memoria musical y a la memoria reciente; evocación de sentimientos; expresión de manifestaciones corporales mediante la fisonomía facial y su influencia en el control del dolor. Se concluye en que la música proporcionó a los ancianos una sensación de bienestar, alivio del dolor, relajamiento, distracción y comodidad.

Determination of the oxidation stability of biodiesel and oils by spectrofluorimetry and multivariate calibration.

Oxidation stability is an important quality parameter for biodiesel. In general, the methods used to evaluate the oxidation stability of oils and biodiesels are time-consuming. This work reports the use of spectrofluorimetry, a fast analytical technique, associated with multivariate data analysis as a powerful analytical tool to prediction of the oxidation stability. The prediction of the oxidation stability showed a good agreement with the results obtained by the EN14112 reference method Rancimat. The models presented high correlation (0.99276 and 0.97951) between real and predicted values. The R(2) values of 0.98557 and 0.95943 indicated the accuracy of the models to predict the oxidation stability of soy oil and soy biodiesel, respectively. The residual distribution does not follow a trend with respect to the predicted variables indicating the good quality of the fits.

Efeito de extratos vegetais no controle de Fusarium oxysporum f. sp tracheiphilum em sementes de caupi / Effect of naturals extracts on the control of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp tracheiphilum in cowpea seeds

A fusariose é uma doença de grande importância para a cultura do feijoeiro em virtude da redução da produtividade. O controle da doença vem sendo realizado com aplicações indiscriminadas de fungicidas químicos, acarretando problemas ao homem e ao meio ambiente. Objetivou-se, no presente trabalho, avaliar o efeito de extratos vegetais no controle de Fusarium oxysporum f. sp tracheiphilum, proveniente de sementes de caupi, comparando-se com o efeito do fungicida químico. Utilizaram-se extratos de alho, angico e manjericão, isolados ou combinados entre si e ou em associação ao fungicida Mancozeb. Uma alíquota de 50 µL de cada tratamento foi adicionada em orifício feito no centro das placas de Petri com BDA, sobre o qual depositou-se um disco de micélio do fungo. Avaliou-se durante sete dias, medindo-se o crescimento micelial do patógeno. Sementes de caupi foram desinfestadas com hipoclorito de sódio a 4,0%, semeadas em sacos de polietileno contendo solo autoclavado. Oito dias após germinação, efetuaram-se ferimentos no colo das plântulas, aplicando-se suspensão de esporos do fungo (1,4 x 10-5 con/mL). As avaliações de severidade da doença foram realizadas diariamente durante 30 dias após a inoculação, utilizando-se escala de notas. Os extratos combinados de alho + manjericão e angico + manjericão não inibiram o crescimento micelial do fungo, enquanto o extrato de manjericão isoladamente, proporcionou o menor crescimento micelial, indicando a ação fungicida e inibitória desse tratamento sobre o fungo F. oxysporum f. sp tracheiphilum nas condições analisadas. O fungicida Mancozeb + o extrato de angico proporcionou menor média de severidade nas plantas avaliadas.

Wilt caused by Fusarium sp. in cowpea crop is a disease of great importance because it causes yield decrease. The control of this disease has been accomplished with uncontrolled applications of chemical fungicides causing problems for humans and environment. The present work had the objective to compare the effect of natural extracts on the control of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp tracheiphlum, originated from seeds of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L), compared to chemical fungicide effect. Extracts of Allium sativum, Anadenanthera colubrine, and Ocimum basilicum were used alone or in combination with Mancozeb. A 50 µL aliquot of each treatment was added in a hole (6 mm of diameter) made in the center of Petri dishes with BDA and a fungus mycelia disk was inoculated on it. Evaluations were done during seven days, measuring the pathogen mycelial growth. Seeds of cowpea were disinfected with sodium hypochlorite, sowed in plastic bags with autoclaved soil. Eight days after germination, wounds were made on the basal part of the plantlets, and fungus spore suspension (1.4 x 10-5 con/mL) was applied on it. Evaluations of the disease severity were accomplished daily during 30 days after inoculation, using a disease index. Combination of extracts of A. sativum + Ocimum basilicum and Anadenanthera colubrina + Ocimum basilicum did not reduce fungus mycelial growth, whereas Ocimum basilicum extract alone showed minor mycelial growth, indicating fungicide action of this treatment on F. oxysporum f. sp tracheipphlum under the conditions studied. Combination of Mancozeb + Anadenanthera colubrina was responsible for lower average of severity on the evaluated plants.