RESUMEN
Hyperglycaemia induced movement disorders, such as hemiballism are rare disorders. The syndrome is characterised by the triad of hemiballism, contralateral T1-hyperintense striatal lesion and non-ketotic hyperglycaemia. Here we report a patient with untreated diabetes presenting with acute onset of hemiballism. MRI revealed T1 hyperintensity of the head of the caudate nucleus and the anterior putamen. The patient also had acantocytosis. Based on the detailed examination of the neuroradiological results and earlier findings we will discuss the pathomechanism. Based on previous findings microhemorrhages, extensive mineralisation, gemistocytic astrocytosis might play a role in the development of the imaging signs. The connectivity pattern of the striatal lesion showed extensive connections to the frontal cortex. In coexistence with that the most severe impairment was found on the phonemic verbal fluency task measuring frontal executive functions.
Asunto(s)
Trastornos del Conocimiento/etiología , Trastornos del Conocimiento/patología , Cuerpo Estriado/patología , Discinesias/etiología , Función Ejecutiva , Lóbulo Frontal/patología , Hiperglucemia/complicaciones , Trastornos del Habla/etiología , Abetalipoproteinemia/etiología , Abetalipoproteinemia/patología , Adulto , Núcleo Caudado/patología , Complicaciones de la Diabetes/patología , Discinesias/patología , Humanos , Hiperglucemia/patología , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Memoria a Corto Plazo , Putamen/patología , Trastornos del Habla/patologíaRESUMEN
Human learning and memory depend on multiple cognitive systems related to dissociable brain structures. These systems interact not only in cooperative but also sometimes competitive ways in optimizing performance. Previous studies showed that manipulations reducing the engagement of frontal lobe-mediated explicit attentional processes could lead to improved performance in striatum-related procedural learning. In our study, hypnosis was used as a tool to reduce the competition between these 2 systems. We compared learning in hypnosis and in the alert state and found that hypnosis boosted striatum-dependent sequence learning. Since frontal lobe-dependent processes are primarily affected by hypnosis, this finding could be attributed to the disruption of the explicit attentional processes. Our result sheds light not only on the competitive nature of brain systems in cognitive processes but also could have important implications for training and rehabilitation programs, especially for developing new methods to improve human learning and memory performance.