Characterisation of the essential oil from Iphiona grantioides and investigation of its antibacterial and antioxidant properties.

Iphiona grantioides (Boiss) Anderb. is a medicinal plant featuring several traditional uses. Nevertheless, this plant has not been widely investigated by modern medicinal chemistry yet, as also the properties of its extracts.In this study, we report the extraction of the essential oil by hydrodistillation from the leaves of I. grantioides. This was characterised by GC-MS analysis and ten chemical constituents were identified.Our findings demonstrate that the essential oil is effective in inhibiting the growth of bacterial strains, and of Klebsiela pneumonia and Staphylococcus aureus in particular. Additionally, its antioxidant properties were evaluated, and it showed radical scavenging activity in vitro.

Evaluation of Major Constituents of Medicinally Important Plants for Anti-Inflammatory, Antidiabetic and AGEs Inhibiting Properties: In Vitro and Simulatory Evidence.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global health concern that is associated with several micro- and macrovascular complications. We evaluated several important medicinal plant constituents, including polyphenols and flavonoids, for α-glucosidase inhibition, AGEs' inhibitory activities using oxidative and no-oxidative assays, the inhibition of protein cross link formation, 15-lipoxydenase inhibition and molecular docking. The molecular docking studies showed high binding energies of flavonoids for transcriptional regulars 1IK3, 3TOP and 4F5S. In the α-glucosidase inhibition assay, a significant inhibition was noted for quercitrin (IC50 7.6 µg/mL) and gallic acid (IC50 8.2 µg/mL). In the AGEs inhibition assays, quercetin showed significant results in both non-oxidative and (IC50 0.04 mg/mL) and oxidative assays (IC50 0.051 mg/mL). Furthermore, quercitrin showed inhibitory activity in the non-oxidative (IC50 0.05 mg/mL) and oxidative assays (IC50 0.34 mg/mL). A significant inhibition of protein cross link formation was observed by SDS-PAGE analysis. Quercitrin (65%) and quercetin (62%) showed significant inhibition of 15-lipoxygenase. It was thus concluded that flavonoids and other polyphenols present in plant extracts can be effective in management of diabetes and allied co-morbidities.

α-Glucosidase inhibitory and cytotoxic botryorhodines from mangrove endophytic fungus Trichoderma sp. 307.

One new depsidone, botryorhodine H (1), together with three known analogues, botryorhodines C, D and G (2-4), were obtained from the mangrove endophytic fungus Trichoderma sp. 307 by co-culturing with Acinetobacter johnsonii B2. Structures were determined by 1D and 2D NMR analyses and high-resolution mass spectrum. Compounds 1-3 showed α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with IC50 ranging from 8.1 to 11.2 µM, and compound 1 exhibited potent cytotoxicity against rat prolactinoma MMQ and rat pituitary adenoma GH3 cell lines (IC50 = 3.09 and 3.64 µM).