Impact of Steviol Glycosides and Erythritol on the Human and Cebus apella Gut Microbiome.

Leaf extracts of Stevia rebaudiana, composed of more than 10 steviol glycosides (SGs), are used as non-nutritive, table sugar (sucrose) alternatives due to their high level of sweetness and low caloric impact. They are often combined with the sugar alcohol erythritol to increase volume and reduce aftertaste. Little is known of the impact of sugar alternatives on the human gut microbiota in terms of the diversity, composition, and metabolic products. Testing of SGs and erythritol using six representatives of the gut microbiota in vitro found no impact on bacterial growth, yet treatment with erythritol resulted in an enhancement of butyric and pentanoic acid production when tested using a human gut microbial community. Furthermore, administration of SGs and erythritol to a Cebus apella model resulted in changes to the gut microbial structure and diversity. Overall, the study did not find a negative impact of SGs and erythritol on the gut microbial community.

Cranberry Xyloglucan Structure and Inhibition of Escherichia coli Adhesion to Epithelial Cells.

Cranberry juice has been recognized as a treatment for urinary tract infections on the basis of scientific reports of proanthocyanidin anti-adhesion activity against Escherichia coli as well as from folklore. Xyloglucan oligosaccharides were detected in cranberry juice and the residue remaining following commercial juice extraction that included pectinase maceration of the pulp. A novel xyloglucan was detected through tandem mass spectrometry analysis of an ion at m/z 1055 that was determined to be a branched, three hexose, four pentose oligosaccharide consistent with an arabino-xyloglucan structure. Two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy analysis provided through-bond correlations for the α-L-Araf (1→2) α-D-Xylp (1→6) ß-D-Glcp sequence, proving the S-type cranberry xyloglucan structure. Cranberry xyloglucan-rich fractions inhibited the adhesion of E. coli CFT073 and UTI89 strains to T24 human bladder epithelial cells and that of E. coli O157:H7 to HT29 human colonic epithelial cells. SSGG xyloglucan oligosaccharides represent a new cranberry bioactive component with E. coli anti-adhesion activity and high affinity for type 1 fimbriae.

Aspectos a tener en cuenta en la atención integral de enfermería durante la quimioterapia en pediatría: issues to consider in nursing comprehensive care / Chemotherapy in children: issues to consider in nursing comprehensive care

La manipulación de fármacos citostáticos constituye una de las actividades más frecuentes de los profesionales de enfermería por la amplia administración de estos medicamentos en nuestros días. En la actualidad, en el mundo se han ido desarrollando estrategias para el manejo seguro de estos fármacos. El perfeccionamiento de la enfermería en Cuba ha permitido un gran avance en la especialidad y un real aporte al diagnóstico, tratamiento y monitoreo de las enfermedades hematológicas, por el elevado nivel profesional alcanzado por el personal de enfermería dentro de la especialidad. Se exponen las recomendaciones generales para la atención integral de enfermería que todo niño con leucemia debe recibir, esté hospitalizado o reciba atención ambulatoria. Se abordan los elementos fundamentales del manejo de los citostáticos y los elementos para garantizar la bioseguridad en el trabajo con estos medicamentos(AU)

The handling ofcytostatic drugsis one ofthe most frequent activitiesofnursesfor the extensiveadministration of these drugs nowadays.Today,strategies have been developed throughout the world forsafe handling ofantineoplasic agents. The developmentof nursing inCubahas alloweda breakthroughin the art anda real contributionto the diagnosis, treatment and monitoringofhematologicaldiseases, due to the highprofessional levelreachedby nurseswithin the specialty. General recommendations forcomprehensivenursing care every child withleukemiashould receive are described, whether hospitalizedor in outpatient care. Basic handling of cytostaticsand elementsto guarantee biosecurity when working withthese medications are included(AU)

Aspectos a tener en cuenta en la atención integral de enfermería durante la quimioterapia en pediatría: issues to consider in nursing comprehensive care / Chemotherapy in children: issues to consider in nursing comprehensive care

La manipulación de fármacos citostáticos constituye una de las actividades más frecuentes de los profesionales de enfermería por la amplia administración de estos medicamentos en nuestros días. En la actualidad, en el mundo se han ido desarrollando estrategias para el manejo seguro de estos fármacos. El perfeccionamiento de la enfermería en Cuba ha permitido un gran avance en la especialidad y un real aporte al diagnóstico, tratamiento y monitoreo de las enfermedades hematológicas, por el elevado nivel profesional alcanzado por el personal de enfermería dentro de la especialidad. Se exponen las recomendaciones generales para la atención integral de enfermería que todo niño con leucemia debe recibir, esté hospitalizado o reciba atención ambulatoria. Se abordan los elementos fundamentales del manejo de los citostáticos y los elementos para garantizar la bioseguridad en el trabajo con estos medicamentos

The handling ofcytostatic drugsis one ofthe most frequent activitiesofnursesfor the extensiveadministration of these drugs nowadays.Today,strategies have been developed throughout the world forsafe handling ofantineoplasic agents. The developmentof nursing inCubahas alloweda breakthroughin the art anda real contributionto the diagnosis, treatment and monitoringofhematologicaldiseases, due to the highprofessional levelreachedby nurseswithin the specialty. General recommendations forcomprehensivenursing care every child withleukemiashould receive are described, whether hospitalizedor in outpatient care. Basic handling of cytostaticsand elementsto guarantee biosecurity when working withthese medications are included

Identification of extensin protein associated with sugar beet pectin.

Several studies have suggested that the emulsification properties associated with pectin obtained from sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) are due to the presence of a protein-pectin complex. Nevertheless, the identity of the protein has remained elusive. Pectin, extracted from sugar beet pulp by microwave-assisted extraction, and a commercial sample were both subjected to protease digestion with trypsin. The resulting peptides were separated from the pectin solution by ultrafiltration using a 3 kDa molecular weight cutoff (MWCO) membrane and analyzed using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization with tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The partial sequences derived from the mass spectrometry analyses of the resulting tryptic peptides are found to be highly consistent with extensin protein matched from the B. vulgaris Genetic Index database and also correspond to previously reported extensin peptides found in sugar beet cell suspension cultures. Further attempts were made to disassociate the protein from pectin using 1 M NaCl and a 100 kDa MWCO membrane; however, no peptides were observed following trypsin digestion of the permeate solution. This evidence suggests the existence of a complex between the pectin and extensin that is not due to ionic interactions. Trypsin digestion of commercial sugar beet pectin also produced the peptide profile observed with the microwave-assisted extracted pectin sample. Atomic force microscopy established that the number of rod-like elements decreased following protease treatment compared to the untreated sample.

Characterization of protein changes associated with sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) resistance and susceptibility to Fusarium oxysporum.

Fusarium oxysporum (F-19) is a serious threat to sugar beet. Resistance exists, but the basis for resistance and disease is unknown. Protein extracts from sugar beet genotypes C1200.XH024 (resistant, R) and Fus7 (susceptible, S) were analyzed by multidimensional liquid chromatography at 2 and 5 days postinoculation (dpi) and compared to mock-inoculated controls. One hundred twenty-one (R) and 73 (S) protein peaks were induced/repressed by F-19, approximately 12 (R) and 8% (S) of the total proteome detected. Temporal protein regulation occurred within and between each genotype, indicating that the timing of expression may be important for resistance. Thirty-one (R) and 48 (S) of the differentially expressed peaks were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization with tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry; others were below detection level. Comparison between the two genotypes uncovered R- and S-specific proteins with potential roles in resistance and disease development, respectively. Use of these proteins to select for new sources of resistance and to develop novel disease control strategies is discussed.

Fermented beverages of pre- and proto-historic China.

Chemical analyses of ancient organics absorbed into pottery jars from the early Neolithic village of Jiahu in Henan province in China have revealed that a mixed fermented beverage of rice, honey, and fruit (hawthorn fruit and/or grape) was being produced as early as the seventh millennium before Christ (B.C.). This prehistoric drink paved the way for unique cereal beverages of the proto-historic second millennium B.C., remarkably preserved as liquids inside sealed bronze vessels of the Shang and Western Zhou Dynasties. These findings provide direct evidence for fermented beverages in ancient Chinese culture, which were of considerable social, religious, and medical significance, and help elucidate their earliest descriptions in the Shang Dynasty oracle inscriptions.

Vascular effects of the Mangifera indica L. extract (Vimang).

The effects of the Mangiferia indica L. (Vimang) extract, and mangiferin (a C-glucosylxanthone of Vimang) on the inducible isoforms of cyclooxygenase (cyclooxygenase-2) and nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and on vasoconstrictor responses were investigated in vascular smooth muscle cells and mesenteric resistance arteries, respectively, from Wistar Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats. Vimang (0.5-0.1 mg/ml) and mangiferin (0.025 mg/ml) inhibited the interleukin-1beta (1 ng/ml)-induced iNOS expression more in SHR than in WKY, and cyclooxygenase-2 expression more in WKY than in SHR. Vimang (0.25-1 mg/ml) reduced noradrenaline (0.1-30 microM)- and U46619 (1 nM-30 microM)- but not KCl (15-70 mM)-induced contractions. Mangiferin (0.05 mg/ml) did not affect noradrenaline-induced contraction. In conclusion, the antiinflammatory action of Vimang would be related with the inhibition of iNOS and cyclooxygenase-2 expression, but not with its effect on vasoconstrictor responses. Alterations in the regulation of both enzymes in hypertension would explain the differences observed in the Vimang effect.

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method for determining the methanol and acetic acid contents of pectin using headspace solid-phase microextraction and stable isotope dilution.

A simple, fast, and direct procedure was developed for the simultaneous determination of the methanol and acetic acid present as esters in the plant cell wall polysaccharide pectin. After base-hydrolysis of esters and acidification of pectin samples, headspace solid-phase microextraction (SPME) was performed using a Carboxen-PDMS fiber assembly. Methanol and acetic acid were separated by gas chromatography with a Chrompak PoraPlot Q capillary column and detected using electron impact mass spectrometry with selected ion monitoring. Stable deuterated isotopomers (d3-methanol and d3-acetic acid) were used as internal standards and for constructing calibration curves, providing accurate and absolute quantification of analytes. The methanol and acetic acid contents in 1 mg quantities of fruit and vegetable pectins were readily quantified by this procedure.

Evaluación por cromatografía gas líquida/espectometría de masa de Matricaria recutita L. que crece en Cuba / Evaluation by gas-liquid chroatography/mass spectrometry of Matricaria recutita L. growing in Cuba

Se presenta un método de evaluación del aceite de manzanilla (Matricaria recutita L.) y su aplicación a la planta que crece en el país mediante la cromatografía gas líquida/espectrometría de masa, y se establece una comparación con el material vegetal de importación. Se determinó que el aceite esencial de la manzanilla cubana presenta un contenido de *(-) bisabolol de alrededor del 50

, lo cual le confiere un alto valor para la Industria Farmacéutica como antiflogístico

Evaluación por cromatografía gas líquida/espectometría de masa de Matricaria recutita L. que crece en Cuba / Evaluation by gas-liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry of Matricaria recutita L. growing in Cuba

Se presenta un método de evaluación del aceite de manzanilla (Matricaria recutita L.) y su aplicación a la planta que crece en el país mediante la cromatografía gas líquida/espectrometría de masa, y se establece una comparación con el material vegetal de importación. Se determinó que el aceite esencial de la manzanilla cubana presenta un contenido de *(-) bisabolol de alrededor del 50%, lo cual le confiere un alto valor para la Industria Farmacéutica como antiflogístico

Atención primaria de salud: programa de fomento y prevención especifica en odontopediatria a ser aplicado en los servicios odontologicos del IVSS / Primary health care: Program of odontopediatric specific foment and preventive to aplicated in the dentistry service of the IVSS

El trabajo presenta como objetivos generales el establecimiento de un programa de prevención primaria de salud en odontopediatria en el IVSS a fin de proporcionar a la población asegurada pericia y motivación para prevenir y evitar daños odontológicos y el programa a ejecutar constará de tres fases que serán: Fase de educación en salud, fase de auto-ayuda y fase de tratamiento de fisuras