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1.
PLoS One ; 13(6): e0198858, 2018.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29902225

RESUMEN

The fatty acid composition of the diet has been linked to the prevalence of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Compared with monounsaturated fatty acids, saturated fatty acids decrease fat oxidation and diet-induced thermogenesis. A potential limitation of previous studies was the short duration (≦5h) of calorimetry used. The present study compared the effects of a meal rich in saturated and unsaturated fatty acids on 24-h of fat oxidation. Ten males participated in two sessions of indirect calorimetry in a whole-room metabolic chamber. At each session, subjects consumed three meals rich in palm oil (44.3% as saturated, 42.3% as monounsaturated and 13.4% as polyunsaturated fatty acid) or rapeseed oil (11.7% as saturated, 59.3% as monounsaturated and 29.0% as polyunsaturated fatty acid). Fat oxidation over 24-h was significantly higher in the meal rich in rapeseed oil (779 ± 202 kcal/day) than that rich in palm oil (703 ± 158 kcal/day, P < 0.05), although energy expenditure was similar between both meal conditions. Meal rich in unsaturated fatty acids increased the oxidation of exogenous and/or endogenous fat. The results of a long calorimetry period indicate that rapeseed oil offered an advantage toward increased 24-h fat oxidation in healthy young males.


Asunto(s)
Ácidos Grasos/metabolismo , Comidas , Aceite de Palma/farmacología , Aceite de Brassica napus/farmacología , Adulto , Metabolismo Energético/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Oxidación-Reducción/efectos de los fármacos , Factores de Tiempo
2.
Br J Nutr ; 117(7): 979-984, 2017 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28412986

RESUMEN

Chlorogenic acids (CGA) are the most abundant polyphenols in coffee. Continuous consumption of CGA reduces body fat and body weight. Since energy metabolism and sleep are controlled by common regulatory factors, consumption of CGA might modulate sleep. Lack of sleep has been identified as a risk factor for obesity, hypertension and type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of ingesting CGA over 5 d on energy metabolism and sleep quality in humans. A total of nine healthy subjects (four male and five female) completed a placebo-controlled, double-blinded, cross-over intervention study. Subjects consumed a test beverage containing 0 or 600 mg of CGA for 5 d. On the fifth night, subjects stayed in a whole-room metabolic chamber to measure energy metabolism; sleep was evaluated using polysomnographic recording. It was found that CGA shortened sleep latency (9 (sem 2) v. 16 (sem 4) min, P<0·05) compared with the control, whereas no effect on sleep architecture, such as slow-wave sleep, rapid eye movement or waking after sleep onset, was observed. Indirect calorimetry revealed that consumption of CGA increased fat oxidation (510 (sem 84) kJ/8 h (122 (sem 20) kcal/8 h) v. 331 (sem 79) kJ/8 h (81 (sem 19) kcal/8 h), P<0·05) but did not affect energy expenditure during sleep. Consumption of CGA enhanced parasympathetic activity assessed from heart-rate variability during sleep (999 (sem 77) v. 919 (sem 54), P<0·05). A period of 5-d CGA consumption significantly increased fat oxidation during sleep, suggesting that beverages containing CGA may be beneficial to reduce body fat and prevent obesity. Consumption of CGA shortened sleep latency and did not adversely affect sleep quality.


Asunto(s)
Fármacos Antiobesidad/efectos adversos , Sistema Nervioso Autónomo/fisiología , Ácido Clorogénico/efectos adversos , Suplementos Dietéticos/efectos adversos , Metabolismo de los Lípidos , Nootrópicos/efectos adversos , Sueño , Adulto , Sistema Nervioso Autónomo/fisiopatología , Bebidas/efectos adversos , Biomarcadores/orina , Calorimetría Indirecta , Estudios Cruzados , Método Doble Ciego , Femenino , Frecuencia Cardíaca , Humanos , Masculino , Polisomnografía , Pruebas de Toxicidad Subaguda , Adulto Joven
3.
Calcif Tissue Int ; 98(1): 94-103, 2016 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26511476

RESUMEN

Increasing calcium (Ca) intake is important for female athletes with a risk of weak bone caused by inadequate food intake. The aim of the present study was to examine the preventive effect of Ca supplementation on low bone strength in young female athletes with inadequate food intake, using the rats as an experimental model. Seven-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: the sedentary and ad libitum feeding group (SED), voluntary running exercise and ad libitum feeding group (EX), voluntary running exercise and 30% food restriction group (EX-FR), and a voluntary running exercise, 30% food-restricted and high-Ca diet group (EX-FR+Ca). To Ca supplementation, we used 1.2% Ca diet as "high-Ca diet" that contains two-fold Ca of normal Ca diet. The experiment lasted for 12 weeks. As a result, the energy availability, internal organ weight, bone strength, bone mineral density, and Ca absorption in the EX-FR group were significantly lower than those in the EX group. The bone strength and Ca absorption in the EX-FR+Ca group were significantly higher than those in the EX-FR group. However, the bone strength in the EX-FR+Ca group did not reach that in the EX group. These results suggested that Ca supplementation had a positive effect on bone strength, but the effect was not sufficient to prevent lower bone strength caused by food restriction in young female athletes.


Asunto(s)
Desarrollo Óseo/efectos de los fármacos , Enfermedades Óseas Metabólicas/prevención & control , Huesos/efectos de los fármacos , Calcio de la Dieta/farmacología , Restricción Calórica/efectos adversos , Privación de Alimentos/fisiología , Condicionamiento Físico Animal/efectos adversos , Animales , Densidad Ósea/efectos de los fármacos , Enfermedades Óseas Metabólicas/dietoterapia , Remodelación Ósea/efectos de los fármacos , Huesos/anatomía & histología , Huesos/diagnóstico por imagen , Suplementos Dietéticos , Femenino , Radiografía , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Carrera/fisiología
4.
Nature ; 503(7477): 493-9, 2013 Nov 28.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24172895

RESUMEN

Adiponectin secreted from adipocytes binds to adiponectin receptors AdipoR1 and AdipoR2, and exerts antidiabetic effects via activation of AMPK and PPAR-α pathways, respectively. Levels of adiponectin in plasma are reduced in obesity, which causes insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Thus, orally active small molecules that bind to and activate AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 could ameliorate obesity-related diseases such as type 2 diabetes. Here we report the identification of orally active synthetic small-molecule AdipoR agonists. One of these compounds, AdipoR agonist (AdipoRon), bound to both AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 in vitro. AdipoRon showed very similar effects to adiponectin in muscle and liver, such as activation of AMPK and PPAR-α pathways, and ameliorated insulin resistance and glucose intolerance in mice fed a high-fat diet, which was completely obliterated in AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 double-knockout mice. Moreover, AdipoRon ameliorated diabetes of genetically obese rodent model db/db mice, and prolonged the shortened lifespan of db/db mice on a high-fat diet. Thus, orally active AdipoR agonists such as AdipoRon are a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of obesity-related diseases such as type 2 diabetes.


Asunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamiento farmacológico , Longevidad/efectos de los fármacos , Obesidad/fisiopatología , Piperidinas/farmacología , Receptores de Adiponectina/agonistas , Adenilato Quinasa/metabolismo , Adiponectina/metabolismo , Adiponectina/farmacología , Tejido Adiposo Blanco/efectos de los fármacos , Tejido Adiposo Blanco/metabolismo , Tejido Adiposo Blanco/patología , Administración Oral , Animales , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicaciones , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/prevención & control , Dieta Alta en Grasa , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Dislipidemias/tratamiento farmacológico , Activación Enzimática/efectos de los fármacos , Intolerancia a la Glucosa/tratamiento farmacológico , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , Resistencia a la Insulina , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/metabolismo , Hígado/patología , Ratones , Mitocondrias/efectos de los fármacos , Mitocondrias/metabolismo , Fibras Musculares Esqueléticas/citología , Fibras Musculares Esqueléticas/efectos de los fármacos , Músculos/citología , Obesidad/complicaciones , Obesidad/tratamiento farmacológico , Obesidad/genética , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , PPAR alfa/metabolismo , Coactivador 1-alfa del Receptor Activado por Proliferadores de Peroxisomas gamma , Piperidinas/administración & dosificación , Piperidinas/metabolismo , Piperidinas/uso terapéutico , Receptores de Adiponectina/deficiencia , Receptores de Adiponectina/genética , Receptores de Adiponectina/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Bibliotecas de Moléculas Pequeñas/química , Factores de Transcripción/biosíntesis , Triglicéridos/metabolismo
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