RESUMEN
Herein, we report an ATP-responsive nanoparticle (GroEL NP) whose surface is fully covered with the biomolecular machine "chaperonin protein GroEL". GroEL NP was synthesized by DNA hybridization between a gold NP with DNA strands on its surface and GroEL carrying complementary DNA strands at its apical domains. The unique structure of GroEL NP was visualized by transmission electron microscopy including under cryogenic conditions. The immobilized GroEL units retain their machine-like function and enable GroEL NP to capture denatured green fluorescent protein and release it in response to ATP. Interestingly, the ATPase activity of GroEL NP per GroEL was 4.8 and 4.0 times greater than those of precursor cys GroEL and its DNA-functionalized analogue, respectively. Finally, we confirmed that GroEL NP could be iteratively extended to double-layered ( GroEL ) 2 ${{^{({\rm GroEL}){_{2}}}}}$ NP.