Textural development of sugar beet bagasse activated with ZnCl2.

In this study, activated carbons were prepared from sugar beet bagasse, which is side product and waste in sugar plants, by chemical activation with ZnCl2. Influence of activation temperature was investigated on to pore structure. ZnCl2/sugar beet bagasse ratio (impregnation ratio) was selected as 1:1. The impregnated sample was raised to the activation temperature under N(2) (100ml/min) atmosphere with 10 degrees C/min heating rate and hold at this temperature for 1h. The activation temperature was varied over the temperature range of 400-900 degrees C. BET surface area values were determined in the range of 832-1697 m(2)/g. Under the experimental conditions, 500 degrees C was found to be the optimal condition for producing high surface area carbons with ZnCl2 activation. Sugar beet bagasse was suitable for preparation of activated carbon with essentially microporous structure. Activated carbon ash content was found in the range of 1.2-2.7 (%w/w d.b.). Activated carbon samples and raw material were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, DTA and TGA.

[Allergic contact dermatitis to common ivy (Hedera helix L.)]. / Allergische Kontaktdermatitis auf Efeu (Hedera helix L.).

Common ivy (Hedera helix L.) is a ubiquitous plant in Europe whose major allergen falcarinol has moderate allergic potential. It is not related to poison ivy (Toxicodendron spp.). There are no cross reactions between the allergens of common ivy (falcarinol) and poison ivy (urushiol). Contact with common ivy or falcarinol may lead to sensitization and then a delayed hypersensitivity reaction. There are only few cases described in the literature. We report on a male hobby gardener with appropriate clinical history and positive patch test. The pathogenic mechanism is a type IV reaction following a sensitization exposure. Gardeners and landscape architects with frequent exposure to common ivy and thus a high risk of sensitization should wear appropriate protective clothing.