RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of each poisoning and its related death in our center as a sample of Tehran in six consecutive years (2006 to 2011). METHODS: All poisoned children and adults referring to Loghman-Hakim hospital poison center and hospitalized in the study period were enrolled and evaluated. RESULTS: In 108,265 patients, the most common causes of poisoning were anti-epileptics and sedative-hypnotics (22.3%). The most common causes of death were pesticides (24.84%) and narcotics (24.75%). In drugs of abuse, opium was more prevalent in the early period of the study but was replaced by methadone later. CONCLUSION: It seems that national policies for drug control and prevention of suicide have not been efficient enough. We expect to see Iran in the first 50 countries with regard to suicide and to maintain the first place in narcotic abuse if enough attention is not provided.
Asunto(s)
Anticonvulsivantes/envenenamiento , Sobredosis de Droga/epidemiología , Hipnóticos y Sedantes/envenenamiento , Narcóticos/envenenamiento , Plaguicidas/envenenamiento , Intoxicación/epidemiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudios Transversales , Sobredosis de Droga/mortalidad , Femenino , Humanos , Irán/epidemiología , Masculino , Metadona/envenenamiento , Opio/envenenamiento , Intoxicación/mortalidad , Prevalencia , Estudios Retrospectivos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Aluminium phosphide is used to control rodents and pests in grain storage facilities. It produces phosphine gas, which is a mitochondrial poison. Unfortunately, there is no known antidote for aluminium phosphide intoxication, but our recent experience with a case showed that rapid prevention of absorption by coconut oil might be helpful. In the present case, we used the same protocol in a 28-year-old man who had ingested a lethal amount (12 g) of aluminium phosphide with suicidal intent and was admitted to hospital approximately 6 hours postingestion. The patient had signs and symptoms of severe toxicity, and his clinical course included metabolic acidosis and liver dysfunction. Treatment consisted of gastric lavage with potassium permanganate solution, oral administration of charcoal and sorbitol suspension, intravenous administration of sodium bicarbonate, magnesium sulphate and calcium gluconate, and oral administration of sodium bicarbonate and coconut oil. Conservative and supportive therapy in the Intensive Care Unit was also provided. The patient survived following rapid treatment and supportive care. It is concluded that coconut oil has a positive clinical significance and can be added to the treatment protocol of acute aluminium phosphide poisoning in humans.