RESUMEN
PREMISE: Many studies have assessed the various responses of alien plants to changes in overall nutrient or different nitrogen (N) availabilities. However, in natural soils, nutrients are present as different elements (e.g., N and phosphorus [P]) and forms (e.g., inorganic and organic). Few studies have explored whether invasive and native species differ in their responses to varying P availability and forms. METHODS: We grew five taxonomically related pairs of common herbaceous, invasive and native species alone or in competition under six different conditions of P availability or forms and assessed their growth performance. RESULTS: Invasive species overall did not produce more biomass than native species did in the various P conditions. However, the biomass response to organic forms of P was, relative to the response to inorganic forms of P, stronger for the invasive species than that for the native species and agreed with invasive species mainly allocating biomass to the root system under organic P conditions. CONCLUSIONS: While invasive species were not more promiscuous than the native species, they took great advantage of the organic P forms. Therefore, the invasion risk of alien species may increase in habitats with more organic P sources.
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Fósforo , Plantas , Especies Introducidas , Ecosistema , Suelo , Nitrógeno , BiomasaRESUMEN
Portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT) is a frequent complication in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCC patients with PVTT have the characteristics of less treatment tolerance and poor prognosis. Immunotherapy, especially combined immunotherapy, has been successfully used in advanced HCC. However, there are no recognized universally indicators that can predict response or resistance to immunotherapy for HCC. Herein, we reported a 58-year-old HCC patient with PVTT, cirrhosis and chronic viral hepatitis, who achieved complete response (CR) after combined immunotherapy (camrelizumab combined with sorafenib or regorafenib), according to his high enrichment of tumor-infiltrating immune cells and tertiary lymphoid structure (TLS). In this case, we revealed the characteristics of the baseline tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) in a HCC patient who responded well to combined immunotherapy, suggesting that TIME can be used to assist in clinical decision making of immunotherapy for HCC.
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Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Trombosis , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/complicaciones , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patología , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/terapia , Humanos , Inmunoterapia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/complicaciones , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patología , Neoplasias Hepáticas/terapia , Persona de Mediana Edad , Vena Porta/patología , Sorafenib/uso terapéutico , Trombosis/patología , Microambiente TumoralRESUMEN
Gastric cancer is the third leading type of cancer and has the third leading cancerassociated mortality in China. The mechanism of thermochemotherapy in gastric cancer cells remains to be elucidated. The present study aimed to investigate the role of autophagic cell death in the thermochemotherapy of gastric cancer. The current study included four groups: An empty control group, a hyperthermia group, a chemotherapy (oxaliplatin) group, and a thermochemotherapy group. Cell viability was analyzed by the MTS assay. Production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was quantified by flow cytometry. Autophagyassociated proteins, Beclin 1, microtubuleassociated protein 1A/1Blight chain (LC3B) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), were determined by western blot analysis. The results indicated that thermochemotherapy markedly increased intracellular ROS production, and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential. The transmission electron microscopy results indicated that thermochemotherapy induced production of autophagic bodies. In addition, thermochemotherapyinduced cell damage at the cellular and animal levels indicated a notable increase in the expression of the autophagyassociated genes, LC3B and Beclin 1. A negative correlation between mTOR expression and autophagy was also identified, which demonstrates that thermochemotherapy induces autophagic cell death by activating the autophagyassociated signaling pathways. The results of the present study demonstrated that the ROS level is important in autophagic death of the gastric carcinoma cells, and the increased ROS level, induced by thermochemotherapy treatment, induced autophagy in gastric carcinoma cells.