Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de la Mama/terapia , Conferencias de Consenso como Asunto , Oncología Médica/normas , Biomarcadores de Tumor/genética , Biomarcadores de Tumor/metabolismo , Biopsia con Aguja Gruesa , Mama/diagnóstico por imagen , Mama/patología , Mama/cirugía , Neoplasias de la Mama/diagnóstico , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Quimioradioterapia Adyuvante/métodos , Quimioradioterapia Adyuvante/normas , Ensayos Clínicos como Asunto , Europa (Continente) , Medicina Basada en la Evidencia/métodos , Medicina Basada en la Evidencia/normas , Femenino , Humanos , Medicina Integrativa/métodos , Medicina Integrativa/normas , Mastectomía/métodos , Mastectomía/normas , Oncología Médica/métodos , Terapia Neoadyuvante/métodos , Terapia Neoadyuvante/normas , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Sociedades Médicas/normas , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
This study was conducted to assess the effect of colostrum quality and quantity on Cryptosporidium spp. calf diarrhoea in an intensive dairy cattle farm in Greece. Faecal samples were collected from 100 dairy calves randomly selected and born during all 4 seasons (March 2015 to May 2016) of the year. In total, 71% of the selected calves were positive for Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts. The statistical analysis revealed influence of colostrum quality on faecal score. Linear regression showed that the colostrum quantity during the first day of life was negatively associated with the number of Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts in faeces. During multivariable analysis, the variables representing the quality of colostrum and the season of the calf's birth were identified as confounders. Cryptosporidium spp. is a common pathogen participating in neonatal calf diarrhoea. Colostrum management and season influence the number of Cryprosporidium spp. oocysts and faecal consistency. The above findings demonstrate novel risk factors that should be included in the strategic approaches to control cryptosporidiosis in newborn calves.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Bovinos/prevención & control , Calostro , Criptosporidiosis/prevención & control , Diarrea/veterinaria , Animales , Animales Recién Nacidos/parasitología , Bovinos , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/parasitología , Calostro/química , Calostro/inmunología , Criptosporidiosis/epidemiología , Criptosporidiosis/parasitología , Cryptosporidium/aislamiento & purificación , Industria Lechera , Diarrea/parasitología , Diarrea/prevención & control , Heces/parasitología , Femenino , Enfermedades Gastrointestinales/epidemiología , Enfermedades Gastrointestinales/parasitología , Enfermedades Gastrointestinales/prevención & control , Enfermedades Gastrointestinales/veterinaria , Grecia/epidemiología , Oocistos/aislamiento & purificación , Embarazo , Prevalencia , Factores de Riesgo , Estaciones del AñoRESUMEN
We evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation with different preparations of probiotics on the performance of broiler chickens experimentally infected with 2 × 10(4) sporulated oocysts of Eimeria tenella at 14 days of age. Three hundred, day-old, Cobb-500 chicks, as hatched, were separated into 10 equal groups with three replicates. Two of the groups, one challenged with E. tenella oocysts and the other not, were given a basal diet and served as controls without medication. The other challenged groups were given the anticoccidial lasalocid (60 mg/kg) or Enterococcus faecium (5 × 10(8) or 5 × 10(9)cfu/kg feed), Bifidobacterium animalis (5 × 10(8)cfu/kg feed), Lactobacillus reuteri (5 × 10(8)cfu/kg feed), Bacillus subtilis (5 × 10(8)cfu/kg feed), or a multi-species probiotic mix at 5 × 10(8) or 5 × 10(9)cfu/kg feed, respectively. The trial lasted 6 weeks. Individual body weight, feed intake per pen and feed conversion ratio values were recorded weekly, along with the extent of bloody diarrhea, excreta oocyst numbers and bird mortality. Caecal lesions were assessed and intestinal samples were taken for histopathological and bacteriological evaluation from ileum and caecum. Overall growth performance of chickens fed the multi-species probiotic mix at both levels was higher (P<0.05) compared to the infected control. Overall oocyst shedding was lowest (P<0.05) in the lasalocid supplemented group. Villous height was higher (P<0.05) in Bacillus supplemented groups compared to infected controls. The Lactobacillus supplemented group had the highest (P<0.05) numbers of both Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium in ileum and caecum. In conclusion, dietary probiotics are promising for further investigation on improving intestinal health and growth performance of broiler chickens experimentally challenged with E. tenella.
Asunto(s)
Pollos , Suplementos Dietéticos , Eimeria tenella , Intestinos/efectos de los fármacos , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/prevención & control , Probióticos/farmacología , Animales , Bacterias/clasificación , Pollos/crecimiento & desarrollo , Coccidiosis/parasitología , Coccidiosis/prevención & control , Coccidiosis/veterinaria , Femenino , Intestinos/microbiología , Intestinos/parasitología , Lasalocido/farmacología , MasculinoRESUMEN
Systemic scedosporiasis due to the anamorph or asexual form Scedosporium apiospermum (Pseudallescheria boydii) has become an important cause of opportunistic mycosis, especially in patients undergoing high-risk hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. We report a case of rapidly progressive cerebellar hyalohyphomycosis due to Scedosporium apiospermum in an allogeneic marrow graft recipient receiving treatment for severe graft-versus-host disease. This fatal breakthrough intracranial abscess, due to amphotericin B-resistant (minimum inhibitory concentration > 16 micro g/ml) mold, developed during the course of systemic antifungal therapy given for multicentric pulmonary aspergillosis. Despite treatment with high-dose Abelcet (10 mg/kg daily), free amphotericin B was not detected in postmortem cerebellar tissue. A broad-spectrum triazole-based agent (voriconazole/UK-109, 496--Vfend), and a novel fungal cell wall inhibitor, an echinocandin/pneumocandin analog (caspofungin/MK-0991--Cancidas), which exhibit excellent in vitro activity against most clinical Pseudallescheria boydii-Scedosporium apiospermum isolates, have recently become available in the United States and may provide much needed treatment options for patients at risk.