RESUMEN
Introduction: Oxidative stress is known to contribute to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. An ethanolic turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) extract containing curcumin has been reported to produce antioxidant effects. Objective: The present study aims to investigate the possible neuroprotective effects of the ethanolic turmeric extract against trimethyltin (TMT)-induced oxidative stress in Sprague Dawley rats. Methods: The ethanolic turmeric extract and citicoline were administered to the TMT exposed rats from day 1 to day 28 of the experiment. The TMT injection was administered on day 8 of the experiment. The plasma and brain malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, and the activities of the superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) enzymes in the brain were examined at the end of the experiment. Results: The administration of 200 mg/kg bw of the ethanolic turmeric extract prevented oxidative stress by decreasing the plasma and brain MDA levels and increasing the SOD, CAT, and GPx enzyme activities and GSH levels in the brain. These effects seem to be comparable to those of citicoline. Discussion: The ethanolic turmeric extract at a dose of 200 mg/kg bw may exert neuroprotective effects on TMT-exposed Sprague Dawley rats by preventing them from oxidative stress.
Asunto(s)
Encéfalo/efectos de los fármacos , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/administración & dosificación , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/administración & dosificación , Compuestos de Trimetilestaño/toxicidad , Animales , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Curcuma , Masculino , Malondialdehído/análisis , Ratas Sprague-DawleyRESUMEN
Monosodium glutamate-induced exitotoxicity causes oxidative stress in many brain areas, including the medial prefrontal cortex. The ethanolic garlic (Allium sativum) extract is considered as a neuroprotective substance. The present study aimed at investigating the effects of the ethanolic fermented garlic extract on the working memory and the pyramidal cell number of the medial prefrontal cortex of adolescent male Wistar rats exposed to monosodium glutamate (MSG). Twenty-five rats were randomly divided into five groups. The C- group was given 0.9% NaCl solution. The C + group was given 2 mg/g bw of MSG. The T1, T2, and T3 groups were given MSG and garlic extract (0.0125, 0.025, and 0.05 mg/g bw, respectively). All treatments were conducted for 10 days. The working memory capability of the rats was measured using Y-maze test. The total number of pyramidal cells of the medial prefrontal cortex was estimated using physical fractionator method. The working memory performances of the T1, T2, and T3 groups were significantly better than that of the C + group. There were no significant differences between groups in the estimated total number of pyramidal cell of medial prefrontal cortex. The MSG may not cause the death of neurons, but it may modify neuronal architectures that are sufficient to disrupt memory functions. Black garlic may play a role as an antioxidant agent that prevents the prefrontal cortex from glutamate-induced oxidative stress. It is concluded that the ethanolic fermented garlic extract prevented the working memory impairment following MSG administration.
Asunto(s)
Ajo , Memoria a Corto Plazo/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Corteza Prefrontal/efectos de los fármacos , Células Piramidales/efectos de los fármacos , Glutamato de Sodio/toxicidad , Animales , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Recuento de Células , Masculino , Células Piramidales/patología , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
CONTEXT: Protection of neurons from degeneration is an important preventive strategy for dementia. Much of the dementia pathology implicates oxidative stress pathways. Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) contains curcuminoids which has anti-oxidative and neuro-protective effects. These effects are considered to be similar to those of citicoline which has been regularly used as one of standard medications for dementia. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed at investigating the effects of turmeric rhizome extract on the hippocampus of trimethyltin (TMT)-treated Sprague-Dawley rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The rats were divided randomly into six groups, i.e., a normal control group (N); Sn group, which was given TMT chloride; Sn-Cit group, which was treated with citicoline and TMT chloride; and three Sn-TE groups, which were treated with three different dosages of turmeric rhizome extract and TMT chloride. Morris water maze test was carried out to examine the spatial memory. The estimated total number of CA1 and CA2-CA3 pyramidal cells was calculated using a stereological method. RESULTS: The administration of turmeric extract at a dose of 200 mg/kg bw has been shown to prevent the deficits in the spatial memory performance and partially inhibit the reduction of the number of CA2-CA3 regions pyramidal neurons. DISCUSSION: TMT-induced neurotoxic damage seemed to be mediated by the generation of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species. Turmeric extract might act as anti inflammatory as well as anti-oxidant agent. CONCLUSIONS: The effects of turmeric extract at a dose of 200 mg/kg bw seem to be comparable to those of citicoline.
Asunto(s)
Conducta Animal/efectos de los fármacos , Hipocampo/efectos de los fármacos , Trastornos de la Memoria/prevención & control , Degeneración Nerviosa , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/farmacología , Nootrópicos/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Células Piramidales/efectos de los fármacos , Memoria Espacial/efectos de los fármacos , Compuestos de Trimetilestaño , Animales , Curcuma , Citidina Difosfato Colina/farmacología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Hipocampo/patología , Hipocampo/fisiopatología , Masculino , Aprendizaje por Laberinto/efectos de los fármacos , Trastornos de la Memoria/inducido químicamente , Trastornos de la Memoria/patología , Trastornos de la Memoria/psicología , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/aislamiento & purificación , Nootrópicos/aislamiento & purificación , Fitoterapia , Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificación , Plantas Medicinales , Células Piramidales/metabolismo , Células Piramidales/patología , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Especies de Nitrógeno Reactivo/metabolismo , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Rizoma , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is believed to exert deleterious effects on various organs, including the hippocampus, likely via the oxidative stress pathway. Garlic (Alium sativum L.), which is considered to possess potent antioxidant activity, has been used as traditional remedy for various ailments since ancient times. We have investigated the effects of black garlic, a fermented form of garlic, on spatial memory and estimated the total number of pyramidal cells of the hippocampus in adolescent male Wistar rats treated with MSG. Twenty-five rats were divided into five groups: C- group, which received normal saline; C+ group, which was exposed to 2 mg/g body weight (bw) of MSG; three treatment groups (T2.5, T5, T10), which were treated with black garlic extract (2.5, 5, 10 mg/200 g bw, respectively) and MSG. The spatial memory test was carried out using the Morris water maze (MWM) procedure, and the total number of pyramidal cells of the hippocampus was estimated using the physical disector design. The groups treated with black garlic extract were found to have a shorter path length than the C- and C+ groups in the escape acquisition phase of the MWM test. The estimated total number of pyramidal cells in the CA1 region of the hippocampus was higher in all treated groups than that of the C+ group. Based on these results, we conclude that combined administration of black garlic and MSG may alter the spatial memory functioning and total number of pyramidal neurons of the CA1 region of the hippocampus of rats.
Asunto(s)
Región CA1 Hipocampal/citología , Región CA1 Hipocampal/efectos de los fármacos , Ajo/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Células Piramidales/patología , Glutamato de Sodio/efectos adversos , Memoria Espacial/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Región CA1 Hipocampal/patología , Región CA1 Hipocampal/fisiopatología , Recuento de Células , Etanol , Masculino , Estrés Oxidativo , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed at investigating the effects of curcumin on the motor coordination and the estimate of the total number of cerebellar Purkinje cells of adolescent Wistar rats exposed to ethanol. METHODS: The total of 21 male Wistar rats aged 37 d old were divided into three groups, namely ethanol, ethanol-curcumin, and control groups. The ethanol group received 1.5 g/kg ethanol injected intraperitoneally and water given per oral; the ethanol-curcumin group received 1.5 g/kg ethanol injected intraperitoneally and curcumin extract given per oral; the control group received saline injection and oral water. The treatment was carried out daily for one month, after which the motor coordination performance of the rats was examined using revolving drum apparatus at test days 1, 8, and 15. The rats were finally sacrificed and the cerebellum of the rats was further processed for stereological analysis. The estimate of the total number of Purkinje cells was calculated using physical fractionator method. RESULTS: The ethanol-curcumin group performed better than both ethanol and control groups in the motor coordination ability at day 8 of testing (P< 0.01). No Purkinje cell loss was observed as a result of one month intraperitoneal injection of ethanol. CONCLUSION: Curcumin may exert beneficial effects on the motor coordination of adolescent rats exposed to ethanol via undetermined hormetic mechanisms.