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1.
Nutrients ; 13(3)2021 Feb 28.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33670884

RESUMEN

Although mandatory fortification of oil with vitamin A is efficacious, its effectiveness can be compromised by suboptimal compliance to standards. In this study, we assessed (1) the availability of oil brands across the eight divisions of Bangladesh, (2) fortification quality (the extent to which vitamin A content is aligned with fortification standards) of oil brands and producers and (3) the market volume represented by available edible oil types. We visited different retail outlets in rural and urban market hubs to ascertain available oil brands and bulk oil types and collected samples. We used high-performance liquid chromatography to quantify average vitamin A content and compared them to the national oil fortification standards. Among the 66 packaged brands analyzed, 26 (39%) were not fortified, and 40 (61%) were fortified, with 28 (42%) fortified above the standard vitamin A minimum. Among the 41 bulk oil type composites analyzed, 24 (59%) were not fortified, and 17 (41%) were fortified, with 14 (34%) fortified below and 3 (7%) fortified above the standard minimum. Vitamin A fortification is high for packaged and branded edible oil but low for oil sold in unbranded, loose form. As bulk oil makes up a large proportion of the oil market volume, this means the majority of the oil volume available to the population is either not (25%) or fortified below the standard requirement (39%). Regulatory inspections of producers selling bulk oil should be prioritized to support and incentivize the industry to make all oil traceable and fortified to standard.


Asunto(s)
Grasas Insaturadas en la Dieta/análisis , Alimentos Fortificados/análisis , Vitamina A/análisis , Bangladesh , Grasas Insaturadas en la Dieta/clasificación , Etiquetado de Alimentos , Calidad de los Alimentos , Alimentos Fortificados/normas , Humanos , Supermercados , Vitamina A/administración & dosificación
2.
Matern Child Nutr ; 15(S5): e12804, 2019 10.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31622039

RESUMEN

The evidence base for micronutrient powder (MNP) interventions predominantly consists of quantitative studies focused on measuring coverage, utilization, and/or biological outcomes. We need other types of studies to broaden the scope of our knowledge about determinants of MNP programme effectiveness. Addressing this knowledge gap, this paper focuses on the process of designing an ethnographic research protocol to obtain caregivers' perspectives on the factors that influenced their use of intervention delivery services and their adherence to MNP recommendations. The research was undertaken within the context of formative evaluations conducted in Mozambique and Ethiopia. Ethnography provides a means for acquiring and interpreting this knowledge and is an approach particularly well suited for formative evaluation to understand the response of a population to new interventions and programme delivery processes. We describe decisions made and challenges encountered in developing the protocol, and their implications for advancing methodology in implementation research science. In addition to a core team of three investigators, we added an "advisory group" of 10 experts to advise us as we developed the protocol. The advisory group reviewed multiple drafts of the interview protocol and participated in mock interviews. In the protocol development process, we faced the issues and made decisions about concerned gaps in content, cultural adaptations and comprehension, and interview guide structure and format. Differences between the core team and the advisory group in methodological approaches to the structure and content of questions call attention to the importance of establishing greater communication among implementation scientists working in nutrition interventions.


Asunto(s)
Suplementos Dietéticos , Alimentos Fortificados , Ciencia de la Implementación , Micronutrientes/administración & dosificación , Evaluación de Programas y Proyectos de Salud/métodos , Etiopía , Humanos , Mozambique , Proyectos Piloto , Polvos , Evaluación de Programas y Proyectos de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos
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