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1.
J Ethnopharmacol ; 327: 117994, 2024 Jun 12.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38437889

RESUMEN

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Ixeris sonchifolia alias Kudiezi, it was named Ixeris sonchifolia (Bunge) Hance, a synonym for Crepidiastrum sonchifolium (Bunge) Pak & Kawano in the https://www.iplant.cn/. And it was first published in J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 13: 108 (1873), which was named Ixeris sonchifolia (Maxim.) Hance in the MPNS (http://mpns.kew.org). As a widely distributed medicinal and edible wild plant, it possesses unique bitter-cold characteristics and constituents with various pharmacological activities. Its main antitumor substances, same as artemisinin and paclitaxel, are classified as terpenoids and have become research foci in recent years. However, its specific biological activity and role in antitumor treatment remain largely unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY: This study aimed to elucidate the molecular targets and potential mechanisms of hepatocellular carcinoma apoptosis induced by Ixeris sonchifolia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used network pharmacology methods to analyze and screen the active ingredients and possible underlying mechanisms of Ixeris sonchifolia in treating liver cancer and employed integrative time- and dose-dependent toxicity, transcriptomics, and molecular biology approaches to comprehensively verify the function of Ixeris sonchifolia extract (IsE) in human hepatoblastoma cell (HepG2) apoptosis and its potential mechanism. RESULTS: A total of 169 common targets were screened by network pharmacology, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis showed that IsE inhibited HepG2 cell activity in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Western blot analysis confirmed that IsE promoted HepG2 cell apoptosis by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and that the PI3K/AKT inhibitor LY294002 also substantially enhanced IsE-induced apoptosis. The PI3K/AKT signaling pathway exhibited significant differences compared to that in the control group. CONCLUSION: Combining network pharmacology with experimental verification, IsE inhibited mitochondrial function and the PI3K/AKT pathway while inducing hepatoma cell apoptosis. IsE may have promising potential for liver cancer treatment and chemoprevention.


Asunto(s)
Asteraceae , Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Humanos , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/tratamiento farmacológico , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt , Farmacología en Red , Apoptosis , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular
2.
J Headache Pain ; 24(1): 141, 2023 Oct 19.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37858040

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Chronic primary pain (CPP) is an intractable pain of unknown cause with significant emotional distress and/or dysfunction that is a leading factor of disability globally. The lack of a suitable animal model that mimic CPP in humans has frustrated efforts to curb disease progression. 2R, 6R-hydroxynorketamine (2R, 6R-HNK) is the major antidepressant metabolite of ketamine and also exerts antinociceptive action. However, the analgesic mechanism and whether it is effective for CPP are still unknown. METHODS: Based on nociplastic pain is evoked by long-term potentiation (LTP)-inducible high- or low-frequency electrical stimulation (HFS/LFS), we wanted to develop a novel CPP mouse model with mood and cognitive comorbidities by noninvasive low-frequency percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (LF-PENS). Single/repeated 2R, 6R-HNK or other drug was intraperitoneally (i.p.) or intrathecally (i.t.) injected into naïve or CPP mice to investigate their analgesic effect in CPP model. A variety of behavioral tests were used to detect the changes in pain, mood and memory. Immunofluorescent staining, western blot, reverse transcription-quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and calcium imaging of in cultured dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons by Fluo-8-AM were used to elucidate the role and mechanisms of 2R, 6R-HNK in vivo or in vitro. RESULTS: Intrathecal 2R, 6R-HNK, rather than intraperitoneal 2R, 6R-HNK or intrathecal S-Ketamine, successfully mitigated HFS-induced pain. Importantly, intrathecal 2R, 6R-HNK displayed effective relief of bilateral pain hypersensitivity and depressive and cognitive comorbidities in a dose-dependent manner in LF-PENS-induced CPP model. Mechanically, 2R, 6R-HNK markedly attenuated neuronal hyperexcitability and the upregulation of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) or vanilloid-1 (TRPV1), and vesicular glutamate transporter-2 (VGLUT2) in peripheral nociceptive pathway. In addition, 2R, 6R-HNK suppressed calcium responses and CGRP overexpression in cultured DRG neurons elicited by the agonists of TRPA1 or/and TRPV1. Strikingly, the inhibitory effects of 2R, 6R-HNK on these pain-related molecules and mechanical allodynia were substantially occluded by TRPA1 antagonist menthol. CONCLUSIONS: In the newly designed CPP model, our findings highlighted the potential utility of intrathecal 2R, 6R-HNK for preventing and therapeutic modality of CPP. TRPA1-mediated uprgulation of CGRP and neuronal hyperexcitability in nociceptive pathways may undertake both unique characteristics and solving process of CPP.


Asunto(s)
Ketamina , Estimulación Eléctrica Transcutánea del Nervio , Animales , Ratones , Analgésicos/farmacología , Analgésicos/uso terapéutico , Péptido Relacionado con Gen de Calcitonina/metabolismo , Calcio/metabolismo , Ketamina/metabolismo , Dolor , Canal Catiónico TRPA1
3.
Chin J Integr Med ; 29(5): 434-440, 2023 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36474083

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect and potential mechanism of dihydromyricetin (Dmy) on H9C2 cell proliferation, apoptosis, and autophagy. METHODS: H9C2 cells were randomly divided into 7 groups, namely control, model, EV (empty pCDH-CMV-MCS-EF1-CopGFP-T2A-Puro vector), IV (circHIPK3 interference), Dmy (50 µ mol/L), Dmy+IV, and Dmy+EV groups. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were detected by cell counting kit-8 assay and flow cytometry, respectivley. Western blot was used to evaluate the levels of light chain 3 II/I (LC3II/I), phospho-phosphoinositide 3-kinase (p-PI3K), protein kinase B (p-AKT), and phospho-mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR). The level of circHIPK3 was determined using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Electron microscopy was used to observe autophagosomes in H9C2 cells. RESULTS: Compared to H9C2 cells, the expression of circHIPK in H9C2 hypoxia model cells increased significantly (P<0.05). Compared to the control group, the cell apoptosis and autophagosomes increased, cell proliferation rate decreased significantly, and the expression of LC3 II/I significantly increased (all P<0.05). Compared to the model group, the rate of apoptosis and autophagosomes in IV, Dmy, and Dmy+IV group decreased, the cell proliferation rate increased, and the expression of LC3 II/I decreased significantly (all P<0.05). Compared to the control group, the expressions of p-PI3K, p-AKT, and p-mTOR in the model group significantly reduced (P<0.05), whereas after treatment with Dmy and sh-circHIPK3, the above situation was reversed (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Dmy plays a protective role in H9C2 cells by inhibiting circHIPK expression and cell apoptosis and autophagy, and the mechanism may be related to PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.


Asunto(s)
Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt , Transducción de Señal , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/metabolismo , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas/metabolismo , Serina-Treonina Quinasas TOR/metabolismo , Apoptosis , Autofagia
4.
BMC Complement Med Ther ; 22(1): 274, 2022 Oct 19.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36261813

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Prediabetes is a hypermetabolic syndrome with blood sugar levels falling between the normal and diabetes. People with prediabetes have a significantly increased chances of developing diabetes, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, tumors, dementia, and other diseases in the future when compared to the healthy population. However, prediabetes is mainly treated based on lifestyle intervention, currently without targeted drug treatment plan. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), which has a longstanding experience, has been shown in clinical studies to be effective for the treatment of diabetes and its related complications. Furthermore, different dosage forms such as decoction and granule have developed gradually in clinical application. Preliminary studies have found that Huoxue-Jangtang Decoction (HJD), with good hypoglycemic and lipid-regulating effects, is potentially one of the complementary and alternative treatments for prediabetes. Therefore, this project intends to perform a prospective clinical study to observe the clinical effectiveness of HJD on prediabetes and the consistency of the efficacy of formula granules and the elixation. METHODS: This is a prospective, randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled clinical trial. A total of 183 participants are randomly assigned to HJD Formula Granules plus lifestyle intervention, HJD Elixation plus lifestyle intervention, and placebo plus lifestyle intervention. All subjects undergo 1 day of screening before participating in the study, followed by 84 days of drug intervention and observation. During and after treatment, the main outcome measures include fasting blood glucose and 2-hour postprandial blood glucose. DISCUSSION: This research attempts to verify the clinical efficacy and possible mechanism of HJD in the treatment of prediabetes, and prove the consistency of HJD Formula Granules with HJD Elixation. This study also aims to provide a treatment that is both effective and safe for prediabetic patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: ChiCTR2200060813, Registered 12 June 2022.


Asunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus , Estado Prediabético , Humanos , Estado Prediabético/tratamiento farmacológico , Glucemia , Estudios Prospectivos , Hipoglucemiantes/uso terapéutico , Diabetes Mellitus/tratamiento farmacológico , Lípidos , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto
5.
BMC Surg ; 20(1): 182, 2020 Aug 10.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32778094

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The clinical incidence of appendiceal mucinous adenocarcinoma is low. Moreover, the case reports of postoperative relapse after surgery are rarely based on literature search results. Here, we report such a case spanning nearly 7 years and and review the relevant literature. CASE PRESENTATION: A 50-year-old female underwent additional surgery after appendectomy, and pathological examination confirmed mucinous adenocarcinoma. The patients underwent HIPEC (hyperthermic intraoperative chemotherapy) and adjuvant chemotherapy. Twenty-six months after the previous surgeries, another surgery, HIPEC, and adjuvant chemotherapy were performed again due to tumour recurrence. To date, the follow-up time is 43 months, and no recurrence or metastasis has been found. CONCLUSIONS: Appendix mucinous adenocarcinoma has a poor prognosis and the diagnosis depends on pathological and immunohistochemical examinations. Its clinical manifestations are non-specific, and CRS + HIPEC should be used for treatment, which is safe and effective.


Asunto(s)
Adenocarcinoma Mucinoso , Neoplasias del Apéndice , Apéndice , Hipertermia Inducida , Neoplasias Peritoneales , Adenocarcinoma Mucinoso/tratamiento farmacológico , Adenocarcinoma Mucinoso/cirugía , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/administración & dosificación , Neoplasias del Apéndice/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias del Apéndice/cirugía , Apéndice/cirugía , Terapia Combinada , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos de Citorreducción , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/tratamiento farmacológico , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/cirugía , Neoplasias Peritoneales/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Peritoneales/cirugía , Reoperación , Estudios Retrospectivos
6.
Acta Histochem ; 122(6): 151576, 2020 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32778238

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: In recent years, microRNAs (miRNAs) are reported to act as molecular biomarkers for cancer diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis (including liver cancer) and to be involved in the development and progression of cancer and other physiological and pathological changes. However, the role of miR-34a-5p in liver cancer is still largely unknown. METHODS: In our study, the expression of miR-34a-5p in liver cancer tissues and HCC cell lines was detected by qRT-PCR. The CCK-8, scratch wound-healing motility and Transwell assays were used to evaluate the effect on cell proliferation, migration and invasion. The expression of YY1, E-cadherin, N-cadherin and vimentin was analysed by western blotting. The dual luciferase assay was performed to confirm whether YY1 is a target of miR-34a-5p. The combination of YY1 and MYCT1 was detected by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay. RESULTS: The results showed that miR-34a-5p was downregulated in liver cancer tissues and HCC cell lines. Overexpression of miR-34a-5p inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of liver cancer cells. YY1 was a direct target of miR-34a-5p, and the expression of YY1 could reverse the influence of miR-34a-5p on the proliferation, migration and invasion of liver cancer cells. YY1 inhibited MYCT1 expression by directly binding to its promoter region, and knockdown of MYCT1 reversed the influence of miR-34a-5p on the proliferation, migration and invasion of liver cancer cells. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that miR-34a-5p could inhibit the invasion and metastasis of hepatoma cells by targeting YY1-mediated MYCT1 transcriptional repression.


Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Hepáticas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patología , Factor de Transcripción YY1/metabolismo , Western Blotting , Línea Celular Tumoral , Inmunoprecipitación de Cromatina , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica/genética , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica/fisiología , Humanos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/genética , MicroARNs/genética , MicroARNs/metabolismo , Metástasis de la Neoplasia/genética , Proteínas Nucleares/genética , Proteínas Nucleares/metabolismo , Pronóstico , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa , Sincalida/metabolismo , Cicatrización de Heridas/genética , Cicatrización de Heridas/fisiología , Factor de Transcripción YY1/genética
7.
Bioorg Chem ; 96: 103598, 2020 03.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32007721

RESUMEN

Sixteen lanostane-type triterpene glycosides including eight new ones, named lyonicarposides A-H (1-8), were isolated from the flowers of Lyonia ovalifolia var. hebecarpa (Franch. ex F.B. Forbes & Hemsl.) Chun (Ericaceae). The chemical structures of the new compounds were elucidated by the comprehensive spectroscopic techniques and chemical methods. The Mo2(OAc)4-induced electronic circular dichroism method was used to determine the absolute configurations of C-24 in lyonicarposides A (1), C (3), and E (5). This is the first phytochemical study on the flowers of L. ovalifolia var. hebecarpa. All the isolates were evaluated for their antiproliferative activities against SMMC-7721, HL-60, SW480, MCF-7, and A-549 cell lines. Lyonicarposides A (1) and B (2) showed moderate antiproliferative activities against five cancer cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 12.39 to 28.71 µM. Lyonicarposides C (3) and G (7) and lyonifoloside M (12) selectively inhibited the proliferation of HL-60 and MCF-7 cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 13.03 to 17.71 µM. Interestingly, lyonifoloside L (13) selectively inhibited the proliferation of MCF-7 cell line with an IC50 value of 16.27 µM. Their structure-activity-relationships were discussed.


Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/química , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/farmacología , Ericaceae/química , Triterpenos/química , Triterpenos/farmacología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Flores/química , Glicósidos/química , Glicósidos/farmacología , Humanos , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Relación Estructura-Actividad
8.
Inflamm Res ; 69(1): 41-50, 2020 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31712853

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Sepsis, a life-threatening systemic syndrome related to inflammatory response, usually accompanied by major organ dysfunctions. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the role by which Shengmai injection (SMI) acts to septic cardiomyopathy. METHODS: Initially, the induced mice with septic cardiomyopathy were treated with SMI or normal saline (NS) with oe-caspase-3, and HL-1 cells were treated with oe-Beclin-1 and oe-caspase-3 and then cultured with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Subsequently, we measured the cardiac troponin I (cTnI) level, and expression of mitochondrial autophagy protein (parkin and pink1) and myocardial cell autophagy-related proteins (LC3-II and LC3-I). Additionally, we identified the cleavage of Beclin-1 by caspase-3 and detected the changes of mitochondrial membrane potential, level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and apoptosis of myocardial cells in myocardial tissues of mice. RESULTS: It has been demonstrated that SMI contributed to the increase of myocardial mitochondrial autophagy, reduction of cTnI level, and elevation of mitochondrial membrane potential in septic cardiomyopathy mice. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that caspase-3 promoted cleavage of Beclin-1 and release of ROS, whereas repressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mitochondrial autophagy. Furthermore, the facilitation of myocardial mitochondrial autophagy and protection of myocardial mitochondria by SMI through inhibition of cleavage Beclin-1 by caspase-3 in septic cardiomyopathy mice were also proved by in vivo experiments. CONCLUSION: Taken together, SMI could protect myocardial mitochondria by promoting myocardial mitochondrial autophagy in septic cardiomyopathy via inhibition of cleavage of Beclin-1 by caspase-3. Our study demonstrates that SMI could represent a novel target for treatment of septic cardiomyopathy.


Asunto(s)
Beclina-1/metabolismo , Cardiomiopatías/tratamiento farmacológico , Cardiotónicos/uso terapéutico , Caspasa 3/metabolismo , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/uso terapéutico , Mitocondrias Cardíacas/efectos de los fármacos , Sepsis/tratamiento farmacológico , Animales , Autofagia/efectos de los fármacos , Cardiomiopatías/etiología , Cardiomiopatías/metabolismo , Cardiotónicos/farmacología , Línea Celular , Combinación de Medicamentos , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/farmacología , Masculino , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Mitocondrias Cardíacas/metabolismo , Miocitos Cardíacos/efectos de los fármacos , Miocitos Cardíacos/metabolismo , Sepsis/complicaciones , Sepsis/metabolismo
9.
J Clin Oncol ; 37(34): 3223-3233, 2019 12 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31557064

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: In the multicenter, open-label, phase III FOWARC trial, modified infusional fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin (mFOLFOX6) plus radiotherapy resulted in a higher pathologic complete response rate than fluorouracil plus radiotherapy in Chinese patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. Here, we report the final results. METHODS: Adults ages 18 to 75 years with stage II/III rectal cancer were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to five cycles of infusional fluorouracil (leucovorin 400 mg/m2, fluorouracil 400 mg/m2, and fluorouracil 2.4 g/m2 over 48 hours) plus radiotherapy (46.0 to 50.4 Gy delivered in 23 to 25 fractions during cycles 2 to 4) followed by surgery and seven cycles of infusional fluorouracil, the same treatment plus intravenous oxaliplatin 85 mg/m2 on day 1 of each cycle (mFOLFOX6), or four to six cycles of mFOLFOX6 followed by surgery and six to eight cycles of mFOLFOX6. The primary end point was 3-year disease-free survival (DFS). RESULTS: In total, 495 patients were randomly assigned to treatment. After a median follow-up of 45.2 months, DFS events were reported in 46, 39, and 46 patients in the fluorouracil plus radiotherapy, mFOLFOX6 plus radiotherapy, and mFOLFOX6 arms. In each arm, the probability of 3-year DFS was 72.9%, 77.2%, and 73.5% (P = .709 by the log-rank test), the 3-year probability of local recurrence after R0/1 resection was 8.0%, 7.0%, and 8.3% (P = .873 by the log-rank test), and the 3-year overall survival rate was 91.3%, 89.1%, and 90.7% (P = .971 by log-rank test), respectively. CONCLUSION: mFOLFOX6, with or without radiation, did not significantly improve 3-year DFS versus fluorouracil with radiation in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. No significant difference in outcomes was found between mFOLFOX6 without radiotherapy and fluorouracil with radiotherapy, which requires additional investigation of the role of radiotherapy in these regimens.


Asunto(s)
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/administración & dosificación , Terapia Neoadyuvante , Neoplasias del Recto/terapia , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efectos adversos , Quimioradioterapia Adyuvante , Quimioterapia Adyuvante , China , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Supervivencia sin Enfermedad , Femenino , Fluorouracilo/administración & dosificación , Fluorouracilo/efectos adversos , Humanos , Leucovorina/administración & dosificación , Leucovorina/efectos adversos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Terapia Neoadyuvante/efectos adversos , Terapia Neoadyuvante/mortalidad , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia , Compuestos Organoplatinos/administración & dosificación , Compuestos Organoplatinos/efectos adversos , Neoplasias del Recto/mortalidad , Neoplasias del Recto/patología , Factores de Riesgo , Factores de Tiempo , Adulto Joven
10.
Virology ; 535: 171-178, 2019 09.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31306912

RESUMEN

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the predominant pathogens causing lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young children worldwide, whereas there is so far no vaccine or drug against RSV infection for clinical use. In this work, we developed and validated a fluorescence-based high-throughput screening (HTS) assay to identify compounds active against RSV, using RSV-mGFP, a recombinant RSV encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). Thereafter, among 54,800 compounds used for our screen, we obtained 62 compounds active against RSV. Among these hits, azathioprine (AZA) and 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) were identified as RSV inhibitors with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 6.69 ±â€¯1.41 and 3.13 ±â€¯0.98 µM, respectively. Further experiments revealed that they functioned by targeting virus transcription or/and genome replication. In conclusion, the established HTS assay is suitable to screen anti-RSV compounds, and the screened two hits of AZA and 6-MP, as potential anti-RSV agents targeting RSV genome replication/transcription, are worthy of further investigation on their anti-RSV activity in vivo.


Asunto(s)
Antivirales/farmacología , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos/métodos , Ensayos Analíticos de Alto Rendimiento/métodos , Virus Sincitial Respiratorio Humano/efectos de los fármacos , Genes Reporteros , Proteínas Fluorescentes Verdes/análisis , Proteínas Fluorescentes Verdes/genética , Células HeLa , Humanos , Proteínas Recombinantes/análisis , Proteínas Recombinantes/genética , Coloración y Etiquetado/métodos
11.
Plant Physiol Biochem ; 119: 275-285, 2017 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28926798

RESUMEN

Plant SNF1-related protein kinase 2 (SnRK2) and protein phosphatase 2C (PP2C) family members are core components of the ABA signal transduction pathway. SnRK2 and PP2C proteins have been suggested to play crucial roles in fruit ripening and improving plant tolerance to drought stress, but supporting genetic information has been lacking in sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.). Here, we cloned six full-length SnRK2 genes and three full-length PP2C genes from sweet cherry cv. Hong Deng. Quantitative PCR analysis revealed that PacSnRK2.2, PacSnRK2.3, PacSnRK2.6, and PacPP2C1-3 were negatively regulated in fruits in response to exogenous ABA treatment, PacSnRK2.4 and PacSnRK2.5 were upregulated, and PacSnRK2.1 expression was not affected. The ABA treatment also significantly promoted the accumulation of anthocyanins in sweet cherry fruit. The expression of all PacSnRK2 and PacPP2C genes was induced by dehydration stress, which also promoted the accumulation of drought stress signaling molecules in the sweet cherry fruits, including ABA, soluble sugars, and anthocyanin. Furthermore, a yeast two-hybrid analysis demonstrated that PacPP2C1 interacts with all six PacSnRK2s, while PacPP2C3 does not interact with PacSnRK2.5. PacPP2C2 does not interact with PacSnRK2.1 or PacSnRK2.4. These results indicate that PacSnRK2s and PacPP2Cs may play a variety of roles in the sweet cherry ABA signaling pathway and the fruit response to drought stress.


Asunto(s)
Regulación Enzimológica de la Expresión Génica/fisiología , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas/fisiología , Fosfoenolpiruvato Carboxilasa , Proteínas de Plantas , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinasas , Prunus avium , Estrés Fisiológico/fisiología , Ácido Abscísico/metabolismo , Ácido Abscísico/farmacología , Clonación Molecular , Deshidratación/genética , Deshidratación/metabolismo , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Regulación Enzimológica de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas/efectos de los fármacos , Fosfoenolpiruvato Carboxilasa/biosíntesis , Fosfoenolpiruvato Carboxilasa/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/biosíntesis , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinasas/biosíntesis , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinasas/genética , Prunus avium/enzimología , Prunus avium/genética , Estrés Fisiológico/efectos de los fármacos
12.
Molecules ; 22(3)2017 Feb 28.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28264507

RESUMEN

Premna microphylla Turczaninow, an erect shrub, was widely used in Chinese traditional medicine to treat dysentery, appendicitis, and infections. In this study, the essential oil from P. microphylla Turcz. was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC (Gas Chromatography) and GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer). Fifty-six compounds were identified in the oil which comprised about 97.2% of the total composition of the oil. Major components of the oil were blumenol C (49.7%), ß-cedrene (6.1%), limonene (3.8%), α-guaiene (3.3%), cryptone (3.1%), and α-cyperone (2.7%). Furthermore, we assessed the in vitro biological activities displayed by the oil obtained from the aerial parts of P. microphylla, namely the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic activities. The antioxidant activity of the essential oil was evaluated by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. For this, the IC50 value was estimated to be 0.451 mg/mL. The essential oil of P. microphylla exhibited considerable antibacterial capacity against Escherichia coli with an MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) value of 0.15 mg/mL, along with noticeable antibacterial ability against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus with an MIC value of 0.27 mg/mL. However, the essential oil did not show significant activity against fungus. The oil was tested for its cytotoxic activity towards HepG2 (liver hepatocellular cells) and MCF-7 Cells (human breast adenocarcinoma cell line) using the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide) assay, and exerted cytotoxic activity with an IC50 of 0.072 and 0.188 mg/mL for 72 h. In conclusion, the essential oil from P. microphylla is an inexpensive but favorable resource with strong antibacterial capacity as well as cytotoxic activity. Thus, it has the potential for utilization in the cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries.


Asunto(s)
Antiinfecciosos/química , Antioxidantes/química , Lamiaceae/química , Aceites Volátiles/química , Antiinfecciosos/farmacología , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Bacillus subtilis/efectos de los fármacos , Escherichia coli/efectos de los fármacos , Células Hep G2 , Humanos , Células MCF-7 , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Componentes Aéreos de las Plantas/química , Aceites de Plantas/química , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacos
13.
J Clin Oncol ; 34(27): 3300-7, 2016 09 20.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27480145

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: Total mesorectal excision with fluorouracil-based preoperative chemoradiotherapy and postoperative chemotherapy is a standard treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer. This study investigated the addition of oxaliplatin with and without preoperative radiotherapy. METHODS: In this multicenter, open-label, phase III trial, we randomly assigned (1:1:1) Chinese adults (age 18 to 75 years) with locally advanced stage II/III rectal cancer to three treatments: five 2-week cycles of infusional fluorouracil (leucovorin 400 mg/m(2), fluorouracil 400 mg/m(2), and fluorouracil 2.4 g/m(2) over 48 h) plus radiotherapy (46.0 to 50.4 Gy delivered in 23 to 25 fractions during cycles 2 through 4) followed by surgery and seven cycles of infusional fluorouracil, the same treatment plus intravenous oxaliplatin 85 mg/m(2) on day 1 of each cycle (modified FOLFOX6 [mFOLFOX6]), or four to six cycles of mFOLFOX6 followed by surgery and six to eight cycles of mFOLFOX6. Random assignment was performed by using computer-generated block randomization codes. The primary end point was 3-year disease-free survival. Secondary end points of histopathologic response and toxicity are reported. RESULTS: A total of 495 patients were enrolled from June 2010 to February 2015; 475 were evaluable (fluorouracil-radiotherapy, n = 155; mFOLFOX6-radiotherapy, n = 157; mFOLFOX6, n = 163). In the fluorouracil-radiotherapy, mFOLFOX6-radiotherapy, and mFOLFOX6 groups, the rate of pathologic complete response (pCR) was 14.0%, 27.5%, and 6.6%, and downstaging (ypStage 0 to 1) was achieved by 37.1%, 56.4%, and 35.5% of patients, respectively. Higher toxicity and more postoperative complications were observed in patients who received radiotherapy. CONCLUSION: mFOLFOX6-based preoperative chemoradiotherapy results in a higher pCR rate than fluorouracil-based treatment. Perioperative mFOLFOX6 alone had inferior results and a lower pCR rate than chemoradiotherapy but led to a similar downstaging rate as fluorouracil-radiotherapy, with less toxicity and fewer postoperative complications.


Asunto(s)
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias del Recto/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias del Recto/radioterapia , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/administración & dosificación , Quimioradioterapia Adyuvante , Quimioterapia Adyuvante , Femenino , Fluorouracilo/administración & dosificación , Humanos , Leucovorina/administración & dosificación , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Terapia Neoadyuvante , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Compuestos Organoplatinos/administración & dosificación , Neoplasias del Recto/patología , Neoplasias del Recto/cirugía
14.
Food Chem ; 204: 70-76, 2016 Aug 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26988477

RESUMEN

Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE) of total anthocyanins (TA) and phenolics (TP) from Blueberry Wine Pomace (BWP) was optimized using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). A Box-Behnken design was used to predict that the optimized conditions were an extraction temperature of 61.03°C, a liquid-solid ratio of 21.70mL/g and a sonication time of 23.67min. Using the modeled optimized conditions, the predicted and experimental yields of TA and TP were within a 2% difference. The yields of TA and TP obtained through the optimized UAE method were higher than those using a Conventional Solvent Extraction (CSE) method. Seven anthocyanins, namely delphinidin-3-O-glucoside, delphindin-3-O-arabinoside, petunidin-3-O-glucoside, cyanidin-3-O-arabinoside, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, malvidin-3-O-glucoside and malvidin-3-O-arabinoside, were found in the BWP extract from both the UAE and CSE methods.


Asunto(s)
Antocianinas/aislamiento & purificación , Arándanos Azules (Planta)/química , Fenoles/aislamiento & purificación , Extractos Vegetales/análisis , Ultrasonido/métodos , Vino/análisis , Manipulación de Alimentos , Glucósidos/aislamiento & purificación , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem
15.
J Surg Res ; 199(2): 732-9, 2015 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26216750

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) improves skin flap function and inhibits partial necrosis induced by ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Our study aimed to evaluate the mechanism underlying HBO regulation of the antiapoptosis factors associated with I/R injury of skin flaps. METHODS: The rats were divided into sham surgery, I/R, and HBO groups. Rats from the HBO group received HBO preconditioning followed by I/R surgery. Blood perfusion of the skin flaps was measured with laser Doppler flowmeters. Tissue morphology and apoptosis were subsequently assessed based on hematoxylin-eosinhe and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling staining. Protein expression of phosphorylated apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (pASK-1), phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (pJNK), B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), and Bcl2-associated X protein (Bax) was examined by immunodetection, and Bcl-2 messenger RNA expression was detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In addition, caspase-3 activity was also measured. RESULTS: The result of microcirculation analysis showed that the survival and blood perfusion rates significantly increased in the skin flap after HBO exposure. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling staining revealed that cell apoptosis was significantly attenuated in the HBO group. Furthermore, HBO preconditioning increased the expression of Bcl-2 and inhibited pASK-1, pJNK, and Bax expression as determined by both immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Caspase-3 activity and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio declined in the HBO group. CONCLUSIONS: HBO preconditioning effectively ameliorates I/R injury by regulating the apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 and/or c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathway and anti- and proapoptosis factors.


Asunto(s)
Apoptosis , Oxigenoterapia Hiperbárica , Precondicionamiento Isquémico/métodos , Daño por Reperfusión/prevención & control , Piel/irrigación sanguínea , Animales , Caspasa 3/metabolismo , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , MAP Quinasa Quinasa Quinasa 5/metabolismo , Masculino , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-bcl-2/metabolismo , Distribución Aleatoria , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Daño por Reperfusión/metabolismo , Daño por Reperfusión/patología , Piel/metabolismo , Piel/patología , Proteína X Asociada a bcl-2/metabolismo
16.
J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater ; 102(7): 1434-44, 2014 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24574168

RESUMEN

Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)/hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffolds were fabricated via electrospinning. The effects of TPU properties and HA particle size on scaffold physical properties and osteoblast-like cell performance were investigated. It was found that the addition of micro-HA (mHA), which was inlayed in the fiber, decreased the electrospun fiber diameter. On the contrary, nano-HA (nHA), which was either embedded or existed inside of the fiber, increased the fiber diameter for both soft and hard TPUs. The soft TPU had a much lower Young's modulus and higher strain-at-break than the hard TPU. The addition of both mHA and nHA decreased the tensile properties; this decrease was more significant with mHA. The cells on the hard scaffolds actively proliferated and migrated compared to those on the soft scaffolds. On the other hand, cells on the soft scaffolds more effectively induced osteogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) than those on the hard scaffolds. In addition, our data suggest that the soft scaffolds with supplementation of nHA further enhanced osteogenesis of hMSCs compared to those without nHA. The soft TPU scaffolds containing nano-HA have the potential to be used in bone tissue engineering applications.


Asunto(s)
Sustitutos de Huesos , Calcificación Fisiológica/efectos de los fármacos , Durapatita , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas/metabolismo , Poliuretanos , Ingeniería de Tejidos , Durapatita/química , Durapatita/farmacología , Humanos , Ensayo de Materiales , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas/citología , Tamaño de la Partícula , Poliuretanos/química , Poliuretanos/farmacología
17.
Xenobiotica ; 43(10): 862-7, 2013 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23451885

RESUMEN

1. Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) is one of the most commonly used herbal remedies worldwide. It is usually concomitantly administrated with statins to treat diseases in geriatric patients. We aim to determine the influence of GBE on the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics of simvastatin, which is currently unknown. 2. An open-label, randomized, two-period, two-treatment, balanced, crossover study was performed in 14 healthy volunteers. Subjects received simvastatin 40 mg once daily, co-treated with placebo or GBE 120 mg twice daily. Each treatment was administered for 14 d, separated by a wash-out period of 1 month. Simvastatin, simvastatin acid and lipoprotein concentrations were assessed. 3. GBE administration reduced mean simvastatin area under the curve (AUC)0-24, AUC0-∞ and Cmax by 39% (p = 0.000), 36%(p = 0.001) and 32% (p = 0.002), respectively, but did not cause significant differences in simvastatin acid PK or its cholesterol-lowering efficacy. 4. GBE consumption decreased simvastatin system exposure, but did not affect simvastatin acid PK. However, we cannot rule out the possibility for a pharmacodynamic interaction between GBE and simvastatin in vivo.


Asunto(s)
Interacciones de Hierba-Droga , Extractos Vegetales/farmacocinética , Simvastatina/farmacocinética , Adulto , Anticolesterolemiantes/farmacocinética , Voluntarios Sanos , Humanos , Masculino , Simvastatina/análogos & derivados , Simvastatina/sangre , Adulto Joven
18.
Opt Lett ; 37(13): 2532-4, 2012 Jul 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22743445

RESUMEN

We present an ultrafast, large-field multiphoton excitation fluorescence microscope with high lateral and axial resolutions based on a two-dimensional (2-D) acousto-optical deflector (AOD) scanner and spatial light modulator (SLM). When a phase-only SLM is used to shape the near-infrared light from a mode-locked titanium:sapphire laser into a multifocus array including the 0-order beam, a 136 µm × 136 µm field of view is achieved with a 60× objective using a 2-D AOD scanner without any mechanical scan element. The two-photon fluorescence image of a neuronal network that was obtained using this system demonstrates that our microscopy permits observation of dynamic biological events in a large field with high-temporal and -spatial resolution.


Asunto(s)
Acústica , Luz , Microscopía de Fluorescencia por Excitación Multifotónica/métodos , Fenómenos Ópticos , Animales , Microscopía de Fluorescencia por Excitación Multifotónica/instrumentación , Imagen Molecular , Nerium/citología , Neuronas/citología , Polen/citología , Factores de Tiempo
19.
Xenobiotica ; 42(8): 784-90, 2012 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22381135

RESUMEN

Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) is one of the most widely used herbal medicines in the world. It is often administered in combination with statins to treat diseases, especially some nervous system disorders. We aimed to investigate the influences of GBE on pharmacokinetics and efficacy of atorvastatin, which are currently unclear. Sixteen volunteers received a single oral dose of 40 mg atorvastatin, followed by a wash-out period of at least 5 days. Then the volunteers took 360 mg GBE daily for 14 days, followed by a single dose of 40 mg atorvastatin. Serial blood samples obtained over a period of 48 h after atorvastatin ingestion were subjected to determination of atorvastatin plasma concentrations and markers of cholesterol synthesis (lathosterol) and cholesterol absorption (sitosterol). With GBE administration, AUC0₋48, AUC(0-∞) and C(max) of atorvastatin were reduced by 14.27% (p = 0.005), 10.00% (p = 0.03) and 28.93% (p = 0.002), respectively; Vd/F and CL/F of atorvastatin were increased by 31.95% (p = 0.017) and 6.48% (p = 0.044). After 14 days of treatment, GBE has no significant effects on cholesterol-lowering efficacy of atorvastatin. This study suggests that GBE slightly decreases the plasma atorvastatin concentrations, but has no meaningful effect on the cholesterol-lowering efficacy of atorvastatin.


Asunto(s)
Ginkgo biloba/química , Ácidos Heptanoicos/sangre , Ácidos Heptanoicos/farmacocinética , Interacciones de Hierba-Droga , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Pirroles/sangre , Pirroles/farmacocinética , Administración Oral , Adulto , Atorvastatina , Colesterol/sangre , Ácidos Heptanoicos/administración & dosificación , Humanos , Masculino , Pirroles/administración & dosificación , Resultado del Tratamiento
20.
Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) ; 58(7): 991-4, 2010 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20606355

RESUMEN

Three new sesquiterpenoids, isodauc-7(14)-en-6alpha,10beta-diol (1), 10beta-hydroxyisodauc-6-en-14-al (2), and (7S(*))-opposit-4(15)-en-1beta,7-diol (4), along with ten known compounds have been isolated from the aerial parts of Senecio argunensis. Their structures were established by means of detailed spectroscopic analysis including IR, HR-MS, and 1D NMR and 2D NMR data. The sesquiterpenoids were assayed against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis. Compounds 4 exhibited weak antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis.


Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/química , Senecio/química , Sesquiterpenos/química , Antibacterianos/aislamiento & purificación , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Conformación Molecular , Extractos Vegetales/química , Sesquiterpenos/aislamiento & purificación , Sesquiterpenos/farmacología
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