RESUMEN
A homogenous polysaccharide (DAP), with a molecular weight of 2.61â¯×â¯104â¯Da, was isolated from the roots of Dipsacus asper Wall. Gas chromatography (GC) indicated that DAP was composed of galactose and mannose with a molar ratio of 1:1. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of DAP on the progress of bone loss in the ovariectomized (OVX) rat model of osteoporosis. Administration of DAP (50 and 200â¯mg/kg/body wt. day) for 12â¯weeks significantly prevented OVX-induced bone loss, biomechanical reduction, the body weight gain, the loss of the uterus weight, as well as increased U-Ca/Cr, U-P/Cr, ALP, TRAP, OC and DPD/Cr levels in rats, which was further supported by the histopathological examinations. Furthermore, we found that the mechanism by which DAP elicited anti-osteoporotic effects was mediated by up-regulation of VEGF and OPG, but down-regulation of RANK and RANKL in both protein and mRNA expression in OVX rats, as well as the activation of PI3K/Akt/eNOS signaling pathway, indicating that DAP can be clinically used as a potential alternative medicine for the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Asunto(s)
Dipsacaceae/química , Osteoporosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Polisacáridos/farmacología , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Óxido Nítrico Sintasa de Tipo III/metabolismo , Tamaño de los Órganos/efectos de los fármacos , Osteoporosis/genética , Osteoporosis/metabolismo , Osteoporosis/patología , Osteoprotegerina/genética , Osteoprotegerina/metabolismo , Ovariectomía , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas/metabolismo , Raíces de Plantas/química , Polisacáridos/uso terapéutico , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/metabolismo , Ligando RANK/genética , Ligando RANK/metabolismo , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Receptor Activador del Factor Nuclear kappa-B/genética , Receptor Activador del Factor Nuclear kappa-B/metabolismo , Útero/efectos de los fármacos , Útero/patología , Factor A de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/genética , Factor A de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Prognosis of stage II colorectal cancer varies. Whether or not to perform adjuvant chemotherapy on patients with stage II colorectal cancer is controversial. This study was to explore the prognostic factors for the patients with stage II colorectal cancer and evaluate the effect and the necessity of adjuvant chemotherapy. METHODS: Between January 2000 and January 2005, 443 patients with stage II colorectal cancer receiving radical surgery at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center were retrospectively analyzed. The overall survival rate and survival curve were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test. The univariate and multivariate prognostic analyses were performed by the Cox regression model. Patients with or without chemotherapy (Xelox/Folfox regimen) with high-risk factors were analyzed respectively. RESULTS: The median follow-up time was 59 months, and the 3-and 5-year survival rates were 88.4% and 82.5%, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that intestinal obstruction or perforation, diabetes mellitus, inadequate surgical margin, and the number of sampled nodes < 9 were poor prognostic factors. Patients with intestinal obstruction or perforation, the number of sampled nodes < 9 achieved higher 5-year survival (80% and 86%) undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy than those receiving surgery alone (67% and 64%). CONCLUSIONS: The prognosis of colorectal cancer patients with intestinal obstruction or perforation, diabetes mellitus, inadequate surgical margin, and the number of sampled nodes < 9 are relatively poor. Adjuvant chemotherapy is recommended to patients with intestinal obstruction, perforation or sampled nodes < 9.