RESUMEN
SLAMF6 is a homotypic receptor of the Ig-superfamily associated with progenitor-exhausted T cells. Here we show that in humans, SLAMF6 has three splice isoforms involving its V-domain. Although the canonical receptor inhibited T-cell activation through SAP recruitment, the short isoform SLAMF6Δ17-65 had a strong agonistic effect. The costimulatory action depended on protein phosphatase SHP1 and led to a cytotoxic molecular profile mediated by the expression of TBX21 and RUNX3. Patients treated with immune checkpoint blockade showed a shift toward SLAMF6Δ17-65 in peripheral blood T cells. We developed splice-switching antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) designed to target the relevant SLAMF6 splice junction. Our ASOs enhanced SLAMF6Δ17-65 expression in human tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and improved their capacity to inhibit human melanoma in mice. The yin-yang relationship of SLAMF6 splice isoforms may represent a balancing mechanism that could be exploited to improve cancer immunotherapy.
Asunto(s)
Empalme Alternativo/genética , Linfocitos Infiltrantes de Tumor/inmunología , Melanoma Experimental/genética , Melanoma/inmunología , Familia de Moléculas Señalizadoras de la Activación Linfocitaria/genética , Animales , Femenino , Células HEK293 , Humanos , Inhibidores de Puntos de Control Inmunológico/uso terapéutico , Inmunoterapia , Células Jurkat , Activación de Linfocitos/inmunología , Melanoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Melanoma Experimental/inmunología , Melanoma Experimental/patología , Ratones , Ratones DesnudosRESUMEN
The long-term prognosis after resection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which is one of the treatment options for early-stage HCC, remains unsatisfactory as a result of a high incidence of disease recurrence. Recent studies performed in murine models revealed a link between liver regeneration under chronic inflammation and hepatic tumorigenesis. Sorafenib is a potent drug for advanced HCC with multikinase inhibition activity. We propose that inhibition of signal transduction pathways which are activated during hepatectomy, using Sorafenib, will reduce accelerated tumorigenesis. To test this hypothesis, we studied the Mdr2-knockout (KO) mouse strain, a model of inflammation-associated cancer, which underwent partial hepatectomy (PHx) at three months of age, with or without Sorafenib.Here we show that Sorafenib treatment during PHx inhibited different signal transduction pathways at the multikinase levels, but did not result in increased morbidity or mortality. At the early stages after PHx, Sorafenib treatment had no effect on the course of proliferation, apoptosis and DNA repair in the regenerating liver, but resulted in decreased stellate cells activation and inflammatory response. Finally, we show that Sorafenib treatment during PHx at three months of age resulted in decreased fibrosis and tumor formation at 8.5 months.In conclusion our study indicates that short-term Sorafenib treatment during PHx is safe and effective in inhibiting inflammation-associated cancer, and is therefore a potential strategy for recurrence prevention in patients with early-stage HCC treated with PHx.
Asunto(s)
Subfamilia B de Transportador de Casetes de Unión a ATP/fisiología , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/prevención & control , Transformación Celular Neoplásica/efectos de los fármacos , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Hepatectomía , Inflamación/complicaciones , Niacinamida/análogos & derivados , Compuestos de Fenilurea/farmacología , Animales , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Apoptosis , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/etiología , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patología , Proliferación Celular , Hepatitis/complicaciones , Técnicas para Inmunoenzimas , Neoplasias Hepáticas/etiología , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patología , Neoplasias Hepáticas/prevención & control , Regeneración Hepática/efectos de los fármacos , Ratones , Ratones Noqueados , Niacinamida/farmacología , Análisis por Matrices de Proteínas , ARN Mensajero/genética , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa , Sorafenib , Miembro 4 de la Subfamilia B de Casete de Unión a ATPRESUMEN
The synthesis of mesostructured silica from a tetrahydrofuran (THF) based sol-gel was carried out in the channels of an anodic alumina membrane (AAM) using the evaporation induced self-assembly (EISA) method. The effect of channel surface chemistry on the orientation of the in-channel hexagonal mesostructure was studied by treating the channel walls. A variety of channel-surface modifications have been performed, including oxygen plasma treatment, atomic layer deposition (ALD) of pure alumina, and deposition of a hydrophobic monolayer. The in-channel mesostructures were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy filtered TEM (EFTEM). It was found that these modifications control the concentration of anions at the channel surfaces, and consequently the orientation of the hexagonal mesostructure. Namely, high anion concentration at the channel surface induces the formation of the desired vertically aligned columnar hexagonal phase. A model to understand the effect of anions at the channel wall on the competition between mesostructure phase transformation and silica condensation is proposed. Finally, this study demonstrates that by judiciously modifying the chemistry at the channel walls the formation of desired orientations can be induced.
Asunto(s)
Óxido de Aluminio/química , Dióxido de Silicio/química , Furanos/química , Geles/química , Estructura Molecular , Tamaño de la Partícula , Propiedades de SuperficieRESUMEN
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a point of convergence for numerous oncogenic signaling pathways. In breast cancer cell lines and xenograft models activated STAT3 participates in breast tumorigenesis, while studies in humans have demonstrated that phosphorylated (tyrosine705)-STAT3 is a marker of good prognosis in breast cancer. In order to resolve this paradox we hypothesized that in clinic, phospho-STAT3 has a predictive role of benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy; therefore the goal of this study was to determine the usefulness of phospho-STAT3 status as a predictor of benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients. Immunohistochemical analysis of phospho-STAT3 was performed on a tissue microarray of breast cancer specimens. The expression pattern of phospho-STAT3 was retrospectively correlated with pathological parameters and overall survival in patients who were or were not treated with adjuvant chemotherapy. Of 375 tissue specimens interpretable for phospho-STAT3, 134 (36 %) exhibited positive phospho-STAT3 nuclear expression. Among 234 patients who received adjuvant therapy, those with tumors displaying positive phospho-STAT3 nuclear expression had a better ten-year rate of overall survival than patients with tumors displaying negative phospho-STAT3 nuclear expression (P = 0.001). Among patients who did not received adjuvant chemotherapy, positive phospho-STAT3 nuclear status was not correlated with increased overall survival (P = 0.54). Positive phospho-STAT3 was correlated with improved overall survival only among patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy in a multivariate analysis adjusted for stage, grade, hormonal status, Her2 status, and age, irrespective of the chemotherapy regimen received (hazard ratio for death, 0.35 [95 % CI 0.188-0.667]; P = 0.001). These findings support the role of phospho-STAT3 as a marker of favorable outcome in breast cancer patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy. Whether phospho-STAT3 has a predictive role of benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy has to be validated on prospective, randomized, controlled studies.
Asunto(s)
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Biomarcadores de Tumor/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Mama/metabolismo , Procesamiento Proteico-Postraduccional , Factor de Transcripción STAT3/metabolismo , Tirosina/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Mama/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias de la Mama/mortalidad , Quimioterapia Adyuvante , Ciclofosfamida/uso terapéutico , Doxorrubicina/uso terapéutico , Femenino , Fluorouracilo/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Metotrexato/administración & dosificación , Persona de Mediana Edad , Análisis Multivariante , Fosforilación , Modelos de Riesgos Proporcionales , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Despite substantial developments in gastric cancer treatment, the majority of patients relapse after definitive surgery. We have previously described well-tolerated adjuvant regimen that includes a combination of bolus 5-fluorouracil, continuous 5-fluorouracil, and cisplatin followed by chemoradiation after 3 months of chemotherapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate long-term outcomes of patients treated with this regimen and to determine whether expressions of the excision repair cross-complementing (ERCC1) and thymidylate synthase (TS) predict clinical outcome in those patients. The study population consisted of 36 advanced gastric cancer patients. Patients were treated with six cycles of continuous 5-fluorouracil (600 mg/m(2)) for 24 h, push 5-fluorouracil (400 mg/m(2)), and leucoverin (LCV) (200 mg/m(2)) on day 1-2 every 2 weeks, cisplatin (60 mg/m(2)) on day 1 every 4 weeks followed by combined modality therapy using 45 Gy at 1.8 Gy per day concomitant with weekly bolus 5-fluorouracil (600 mg/m(2)) and LCV (50 mg). After median follow-up of 48.9 months, the median disease-free survival was 45 months and the overall survival was 66.4 months. Sixteen patients (44 %) were alive and disease-free. There was no significant correlation between ERCC1 expression and TS expression pattern and time to relapse (P = 0.302 and P = 0.707, respectively). In conclusion, long-term follow-up demonstrates that postoperative chemoradiation with combination of bolus 5-fluorouracil, continuous 5-fluorouracil, and cisplatin is a feasible approach.
Asunto(s)
Adenocarcinoma/mortalidad , Adenocarcinoma/terapia , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias Gástricas/mortalidad , Neoplasias Gástricas/terapia , Adenocarcinoma/metabolismo , Adulto , Anciano , Biomarcadores de Tumor/análisis , Quimioradioterapia , Cisplatino/administración & dosificación , Cisplatino/efectos adversos , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/análisis , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/biosíntesis , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos del Sistema Digestivo , Supervivencia sin Enfermedad , Endonucleasas/análisis , Endonucleasas/biosíntesis , Femenino , Fluorouracilo/administración & dosificación , Fluorouracilo/efectos adversos , Humanos , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Neoplasias Gástricas/metabolismo , Timidilato Sintasa/análisis , Timidilato Sintasa/biosíntesis , Tiempo , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
The synthesis of mesostructured silica from a tetrahydrofuran (THF)-based sol gel was carried out in the channels of an anodic alumina membrane (AAM) using the evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA) method. Two different nonionic surfactants were used as structure-directing agents, the triblock copolymer Pluronic P123 and the oligomer surfactant Brij56. The effect of the relative humidity and surfactant concentration on the type of mesophase and orientation of the in-channel mesostructures was studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and grazing incidence small angel X-ray scattering (GISAXS). The in-channel structures obtained in this study were primarily of the 2D hexagonal phase with a circular orientation in which the hexagonally packed cylinders form a spiral-like shape from the channel wall inward. In addition, a columnar orientation of the hexagonal phase, in which the axes of the hexagonally packed cylinders are oriented parallel to the channel axes, was also observed. Finally, the use of the THF-based synthesis allowed the in situ incorporation of the highly hydrophobic yellow-emitting conjugated polymer poly[9,9-dioctylfluorene-co-benzothiadiazole] into the in-channel mesostructure upon its formation. The conjugated polymer was well distributed within the mesostructure and maintained its optical properties.
Asunto(s)
Óxido de Aluminio/química , Furanos/química , Membranas Artificiales , Polímeros/química , Dióxido de Silicio/química , Electrodos , Microscopía Electrónica de Transmisión , Dispersión del Ángulo Pequeño , SolucionesRESUMEN
A multicenter phase III randomized study comparing the efficacies of two adjuvant polychemotherapeutic regimens in 145 patients with stage II node-positive breast cancer: the standard chemotherapy combination, CMF (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil), and an experimental protocol, CNF (cyclophosphamide, mitoxantrone [Novantrone], 5-fluorouracil) in which mitoxantrone replaced methotrexate. The finding of a significant advantage ( p= 0.04) in the disease-free survival for those receiving mitoxantrone (mean survival 4.4 years for CNF versus 2.7 years for CMF) led the authors to break the data down in subpopulations to determine exactly which groups of women responded more favorably to CNF than CMF. An advantage in disease-free survival was found, most notable in four subgroups: Sephardic women, women less than 45 years of age, premenopausal women, and women with 4 to 10 positive axillary lymph nodes. Although the small numbers of women in each of these subgroups rule out drawing definitive conclusions, the trend merits further study to confirm these observations.