Effects of an orabase formulation with ethanolic extract of Malva sylvestris L. in oral wound healing in rats.

Malva sylvestris L. is widely used in medicine for treatment of inflammatory processes. The plant has anti-inflammatory properties due to substances such as mucilage, flavonoids, and tannins. A mouthwash with leaves from the plant can be used for the treatment of wounds in the oral mucosa. The aim of this study was to assess the wound healing effect of Malva sylvestris L. on a palate mucosa wound in rats. After intraperitoneal anesthesia, a 4-mm-diameter excisional wound was made in the center of the palatal mucosa of 136 rats, using a punch-out biopsy tool. Eight animals were used as baseline wound. The remaining rats were divided into four groups: CO, control; OB, orabase vehicle; CX, 2% chlorhexidine; and MA, 20% Malva in orabase. At 24 h postoperatively, the animals were immobilized without anesthetic to apply 25 mg of each substance twice a day, totaling 50 mg daily. The wound areas were measured photographically and the reepithelialization rates were determined histologically (%) after 0, 3, 7, 15, and 21 days. The data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test. Similar healing pattern was observed among the groups (P>.05; ANOVA). According to the methodology, Malva sylvestris L. extract had no effect on wound healing in the palatal mucosa of rats.

Influência da solução anestésica na percepção de dor após cirurgia periodontal: um estudo piloto / Infuence of anesthetic solution on pain perception after periodontal surgery: a pilot study

As características farmacológicas de agentes anestésicos locais estão entre os diversos fatores que podem infuenciar a percepção de dor pós-operatória. O objetivo deste estudo piloto foi avaliar a infuência de dois agentes anestésicos na percepção de dor pós-operatória após cirurgia a retalho para raspagem e alisamento radicular (RAR). Neste ensaio clínico randomizado, paralelo, duplo-cego, foram realizadas 12 cirurgias para RAR em pacientes com doença periodontal que apresentassem sinais clínicos de infamação após terapia periodontal básica em pelo menos um sextante. Os pacientes foram aleatoriamente alocados em um dos seguintes grupos: G1- mepivacaína 2% com norepinefrina 1:100.000; G2- lidocaína 2% com epinefrina 1:100.000. A intensidade da dor foi avaliada por meio de escala visual analógica (EVA) e escala numérica de 101 pontos (NRS-101), durante oito horas após a cirurgia. Os resultados demonstraram que a intensidade de dor pós-operatória foi estatisticamente inferior no grupo G2 em determinados períodos após a cirurgia, conforme indicam as respectivas medianas (Md). No período de uma hora: Md G1: 2,5; G2:18; p = 0,01; de duas horas: Md G1:2; G2:28,5; p = 0,009; de três horas: Md G1:6; G2:28; p = 0,01. Desta forma, os dados deste estudo piloto indicam que a utilização de mepivacaína 2% com norepinefrina 1:100.000 promove maior controle da dor no período pós-operatório imediato que a lidocaína 2% com epinefrina 1:100.000, após cirurgia de RAR a retalho.

Pharmacologic characteristics of local anesthetics agents are among several features that may infuence postoperative pain intensity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the infuence of two anesthetic agents on postoperative pain perception after open fap debridement surgeries. For this parallel-group, double-masked, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial, 12 surgeries for open fap debridement were performed on patients who presented periodontal disease with clinical signs of infammation after nonsurgical treatment on at least one sextant. Patients were allocated in one of the following groups: G1- 2% mepivacaine with 1:100.000 norepinephrine; G2- 2% lidocaine with 1:100.000 epinephrine. Pain intensity was assessed using visual analog scale (VAS) and 101-point numerical rate scale (NRS-101) during the frst 8 hours after surgery. The results demonstrated that postoperative pain intensity was statistically lower in G2 at 1 (Median (Md) G1:2.5; G2:18; p = 0.01), 2 (Md G1:2; G2:28.5; p = 0.009) and 3 (Md G1:6; G2:28; p = 0.01) hours-period after surgery. Therefore, data from this pilot study indicate that 2% mepivacaine with 1:100.000 norepinephrine might promote more pain control at immediate postoperative period than does 2% lidocaine with 1:100.000 epinephrine after open fap debridement surgery.

Efficacy of EDTA-T gel for smear layer removal at root surfaces.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the efficacy of EDTA gel preparation, associated with texapon detergent (EDTA-T), for removing the smear layer at human root surfaces. METHOD AND MATERIALS: An experimental smear layer was produced by scaling using periodontal curettes, and the root surfaces were etched with the following concentrations of EDTA-T: 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 24%, and negative control (saline solution) for 1, 2, or 3 minutes using both passive and active methods. The surfaces were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, and photomicrographs were evaluated in relation to smear removal. RESULTS: All EDTA-T groups were more effective than the control group (P < .0001). EDTA-T at 15% was more effective when applied by the passive method, although this difference was not observed for the active method. The active method was statistically better than the passive method (P < .0001). CONCLUSION: The etching of the root surface with EDTA-T gel by active application, independently of the other factors evaluated, was effective for smear layer removal.

Effectiveness of EDTA and EDTA-T brushing on the removal of root surface smear layer.

The purpose of this study was to compare the removal of root surface smear layer following active application of EDTA gel and EDTA-T (texapon) gel in different concentrations (5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 24%), using scanning electron microscopy. A total of 220 dentin blocks obtained from the root surfaces of extracted teeth were divided into 3 groups: Group I - (control) application of saline solution (n = 20); Group II - EDTA gel (pH 7.0) was applied in the following concentrations: 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 24% (n = 100); Group III - EDTA-T gel (pH 7.0) applied in the same concentrations described above (n = 100). The photomicrographs were evaluated by one calibrated examiner using a smear layer removal index and following statistical analysis (Kruskal-Wallis test). The results demonstrated that the specimens treated with EDTA and EDTA-T gel presented a better smear layer removal than the control group (p < 0.01); no statistically significant differences were observed between the EDTA and EDTA-T groups and between the concentrations tested (Mann-Whitney, p > 0.05). Within the limits of this study, it can be concluded that all treatment modalities effectively removed the smear layer from the root surface. The addition of texapon into the EDTA gel formulation did not increase its effectiveness.

Influência do smear layer na infiltraçäo apical quantitativa em obturaçöes de canais radiculares / Influence of the smear layer on the apical leakage of root canal fellings

Avaliou-se, in vitro, a influência do smear layer na infiltraçäo apical quantitativa em obturaçöes de canais radiculares pela técnica de condensaçäo lateral, realizando-se ou näo a sua remoçäo por meio de EDTA a 17 por cento, com instrumentaçäo ou apenas deixando-se um cone de papel umedecido nesta soluçäo por cinco minutos. Os resultados foram obtidos por meio de leitura espectrofométrica, após a dissoluçäo das raízes, da quantidade de corante recuperada