RESUMEN
Mimosa caesalpiniifolia (Fabaceae) is used by Brazilian people to treat hypertension, bronchitis, and skin infections. Herein, we evaluated the antiproliferative action of the dichloromethane fraction from M. caesalpiniifolia (DFMC) stem bark on murine tumor cells and the in vivo toxicogenetic profile. Initially, the cytotoxic activity of DFMC on primary cultures of Sarcoma 180 (S180) cells by Alamar Blue, trypan, and cytokinesis block micronucleus (CBMN) assays was assessed after 72 h of exposure, followed by the treatment of S180-bearing Swiss mice for 7 days, physiological investigations, and DNA/chromosomal damage. DFMC and betulinic acid revealed similar in vitro antiproliferative action on S180 cells and induced a reduction in viable cells, induced a reduction in viable cells and caused the emergence of bridges, buds, and morphological features of apoptosis and necrosis. S180-transplanted mice treated with DFMC (50 and 100 mg/kg/day), a betulinic acid-rich dichloromethane, showed for the first time in vivo tumor growth reduction (64.8 and 80.0%) and poorer peri- and intratumor quantities of vessels. Such antiproliferative action was associated with detectible side effects (loss of weight, reduction of spleen, lymphocytopenia, and neutrophilia and increasing of GOT and micronucleus in bone marrow), but preclinical general anticancer properties of the DFMC were not threatened by toxicological effects, and these biomedical discoveries validate the ethnopharmacological reputation of Mimosa species as emerging phytotherapy sources of lead molecules.
RESUMEN
Gingerol - [6]-gingerol ((S)-5-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-decanone; [6]-G) - is a phenolic compound with several pharmacological properties. Herein, the aim of the study was to evaluate the toxicogenic effects of [6]-G on Artemia salina nauplii, Allium cepa, HL-60 cell line and Sarcoma 180 (S-180) ascitic fluid cells.For toxic and genotoxic analysis, it was used [6]-G concentrations of 5, 10, 20 and 40 µg mL-1. For cytotoxic evaluation using the MTT test (3- [4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl] -2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide), serial [6]-G dilutions (1.56-100 µg mL-1) were performed, and S-180, HL-60 and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were treated for 72 h. The IC50 of [6]-G were 1.14, 5.73 and 11.18 µg mL-1 for HL-60, S-180 and PBMC, respectively, indicating a possible selectivity against tumor cell lines. At higher concentrations (>10 µg mL-1), toxicity and genotoxicity were observed in the A. cepa test, especially at 40 µg mL-1. Mechanisms indicating apoptosis, such as toxicity, cytotoxicity and nuclear abnormalities (bridges, fragments, delays, loose chromosomes and micronuclei) suggest that [6]-G has potential for antitumor pharmaceutical formulations.