RESUMEN
This study aimed to investigate the effects of the combination of selenium and Bacillus subtilis (Se-BS) on the quality and flavor of meat and slaughter performance of broilers. A total of 240 one-day-old Arbor Acres broilers were randomly allotted to four treatments of a basal diet supplemented with no selenium (control), sodium selenite (SS), BS, or Se-BS and raised for 42 days. Compared with the control group, Se-BS significantly increased the carcass weight, the half-eviscerated weight, the completely eviscerated weight, the carcass rate, and redness in broiler muscles; improved the antioxidant state by increasing glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione S-transferase activities, the total antioxidant capacity, and GPx-1 and thioredoxin reductase 1 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels; promoted biological activity by increasing the contents of glutamate, phenylalanine, lysine, and tyrosine; and increased Se and five types of nitrogenous volatile substances in muscles. On the other hand, Se-BS treatment decreased the shear force, drip loss, and the malondialdehyde, glutathione, and lead contents in muscles. Se-BS exerted a better effect on slaughter performance, the physicochemical quality of meat, the redox status, the amino acid contents, the trace element contents, and volatile substances compared with SS and BS. In conclusion, Se-BS had a positive effect on the quality and flavor of meat and slaughter performance of broilers, suggesting that Se-BS may be a beneficial feed additive.
RESUMEN
This study aimed to investigate the effects of selenium (Se)-enriched Bacillus subtilis (Se-BS) on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immune status, and gut health in broilers. A total of 240 one-day-old Arbor Acres broilers were randomly allotted to four groups and fed with basal diet (control group), 0.30 mg/kg Se (SS group), 3 × 109 CFU/g B. subtilis (BS group), and 0.30 mg/kg Se + 3 × 109 CFU/g B. subtilis (Se-BS group) for 42 days. The results showed that Se-BS supplementation increased body weight (BW), average daily gain, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and the contents of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, and immunoglobulin (Ig) G in plasma, the index and wall thickness of the duodenum, the villus height and crypt depth of the jejunum, and GPx-1 and thioredoxin reductase 1 mRNA levels in liver and intestine and decreased feed conversion ratio (FCR) and plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) content compared with the control group on day 42 (P < 0.05). Compared with groups SS and BS, Se-BS supplementation increased BW, the activities of GPx, CAT, and POD, and the contents of IL-2, IL-4, and IgG in plasma, the index and wall thickness of the duodenum, the crypt depth and secretory IgA content of the jejunum, and GPx-1 mRNA levels in liver and intestine and decreased FCR and plasma MDA content on day 42 (P < 0.05). In conclusion, Se-BS supplementation effectively improved the growth performance antioxidant capacity, immune status, and gut health of broilers.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes , Selenio , Animales , Selenio/farmacología , Pollos , Bacillus subtilis , Suplementos Dietéticos , Interleucina-4 , Dieta/veterinaria , Glutatión Peroxidasa , ARN Mensajero/genética , Alimentación Animal/análisisRESUMEN
Chicken hepatocytes were cultured in vitro and 240 specific pathogen-free (SPF) white leghorns chickens (7 days old) were obtained. The hepatocytes and chickens were randomly allocated to one of six treatment groups: control group; chitosan (COS) group; sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) group; selenide chitosan (COS-Se) group; chitosan sulfate (LS-COS) group; and selenide chitosan sulfate (LS-COS-Se) group. Our results showed that LS-COS-Se increased (P < 0.05) the activities of thioredoxin reductase (TXNRD), anti-superoxide anion radical (antiO2-), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), the mRNA levels of thioredoxin reductase 1 (TXNRD1) and thioredoxin reductase 3 (TXNRD3), and the chicken body weight, but reduced (P < 0.05) the malondialdehyde (MDA) content and the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity. Compared with COS and LS-COS, the LS-COS-Se treatment increased (P < 0.05) the activities of TXNRD, SOD, catalase (CAT), and the mRNA levels of TXNRD1 and TXNRD3, but reduced (P < 0.05) the MDA content in vitro, whereas, in vivo, it increased (P < 0.05) body weight on day 28; the activities of TXNRD, antiO2-, and SOD; and the mRNA levels of TXNRD1 and TXNRD3. Compared with Na2SeO3 and COS-Se, the LS-COS-Se treatment increased (P < 0.05) the TXNRD and SOD activities, the mRNA levels of TXNRD1 and TXNRD3 in vitro, increased (P < 0.05) the chicken body weight on day 28, and the TXNRD, antiO2-, and SOD activities, but reduced (P < 0.05) the MDA content. These results indicated that LS-COS-Se was a useful antioxidant that improved hepatocyte activity, growth performance, and anti-oxidation capacity in hepatocytes (in vitro) and SPF chicken (in vivo) by activating the TXNRD system.
Asunto(s)
Quitosano , Selenio , Animales , Antioxidantes , Peso Corporal , Pollos/genética , Quitosano/farmacología , Hepatocitos , ARN Mensajero/genética , Selenio/farmacología , Superóxido Dismutasa , Tiorredoxina Reductasa 1/genéticaRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of selenium (Se)-enriched Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SSC) on meat quality and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms in broilers. A total of 200 one-day-old Arbor Acres broiler chickens were randomly allocated to one of four treatments with 5 replications of 10 chickens each. Group 1 served as a control and was fed a basal diet without Se supplementation, while groups 2, 3, and 4 were fed the basal diet supplemented with S. cerevisiae (SC), sodium selenite (SS), and SSC, respectively. Breast muscle samples were collected to evaluate meat quality, selenium concentration, oxidative stability, and the mRNA levels of antioxidant enzyme genes on day 42. As compared with groups 1 and 2, SS and SSC supplementation increased Se concentration, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and thioredoxin reductase (TR) activities, total antioxidant capacity, and the mRNA levels of GPx-1, GPx-4, TR-1, and TR-3 (P < 0.05) and decreased drip loss and malondialdehyde (MDA) content (P < 0.05). As compared with group 3, SSC supplementation increased pH, lightness, yellowness, Se concentration, GPx and superoxide dismutase activities, and the mRNA levels of GPx-1 and GPx-4 (P < 0.05) but decreased drip loss and MDA content (P < 0.05). Thus, SSC improved meat quality and oxidative stability by activating the glutathione and thioredoxin systems, which should be attributed to the combined roles of Se and SC.
Asunto(s)
Suplementos Dietéticos , Microbiología de Alimentos , Glutatión , Carne , Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Selenio , Tiorredoxinas , Alimentación Animal/análisis , Animales , Pollos/microbiología , Dieta/veterinaria , Glutatión/genética , Glutatión Peroxidasa/genética , Carne/microbiología , Carne/normas , Distribución Aleatoria , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolismo , Tiorredoxinas/genéticaRESUMEN
This study aimed to investigate the effects of selenide chitosan sulfate (Se-CTS-S) on glutathione (GSH) system in hepatocytes and chickens. Chitosan, sodium selenite (Na2SeO3), selenide chitosan, chitosan sulfate (CTS-S), and Se-CTS-S were added to the culture medium and the basal diets; glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity, GSH content, total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and mRNA levels of cellular GPx (GPx-1) and phospholipid hydroperoxide GPx (GPx-4) in vivo and in vitro were determined. The results showed that Se-CTS-S increased (P < 0.05) GPx-1 and GPx-4 mRNA levels in hepatocytes and livers, and GSH-Px activity, GSH content, and T-AOC in the medium, hepatocytes, plasma, and livers compared with the control and chitosan treatments. Compared with CTS-S, Se-CTS-S treatments increased (P < 0.05) GPx-1 and GPx-4 mRNA levels in hepatocytes and livers, and GSH-Px activity, GSH content, and T-AOC capacity in the medium, hepatocytes, and livers. Compared with Na2SeO3 and CTS-Se, Se-CTS-S increased (P < 0.05) GPx-1 mRNA levels in hepatocytes and livers, GPx-4 mRNA levels in hepatocytes and livers, GSH-Px activity in the medium, hepatocytes, and livers, GSH contents in plasma and livers, and T-AOC in the medium, plasma, and livers. Thus, Se-CTS-S showed better biological activity that mainly benefited from the synergistic effects of Se and sulfate on GSH system.
Asunto(s)
Pollos , Quitosano , Hepatocitos , Selenio , Animales , Quitosano/farmacología , Glutatión/metabolismo , Glutatión Peroxidasa/genética , Hepatocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Organismos Libres de Patógenos EspecíficosRESUMEN
Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL), as a strong oxidant, results in renal injury through multiple mechanisms. The aim of the present study was to determine the injury effects of OxLDL and the potential protective effects of the antioxidant reagent probucol on epithelialmesenchymal transition (EMT) in human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK2) and to further explore the role and interrelation of lectinlike oxidized lowdensity lipoprotein receptor1 (LOX1), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitogenactivated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. In the present study, concentrations of 0100 µg/ml OxLDL were used to induce HK2 cell EMT. Then, probucol (20 µmol/l) and the LOX1 inhibitor, polyinosinic acid (250 µg/ml), were also used to pretreat HK2 cells. Intracellular ROS activity was evaluated using the specific probe 2',7'dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFHDA). Concentration of nitric oxide (NO) was determined using a biochemical colorimetric method. Expression of Ecadherin, αsmooth muscle actin (SMA), LOX1, NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4), cytochrome b245 α chain (p22phox), extracellular signalregulated kinase (ERK), and p38 MAPK protein levels were examined by western blotting. The results revealed that OxLDL induced the expression of LOX1 and αSMA and reduced the expression of Ecadherin in a dosedependent manner, and these effects were inhibited by polyinosinic acid or probucol pretreatment. Stimulation with 50 µg/ml OxLDL induced the expression of NOX4 and p22phox and increased intracellular ROS activity, but NO production in the cell supernatants was not affected. The OxLDLmediated increases in Nox4 and p22phox expression and in ROS activity were inhibited by probucol pretreatment. Further investigations into the underlying molecular pathways demonstrated that ERK and p38 MAPK were activated by OxLDL stimulation and then inhibited by probucol pretreatment. The findings of the present study therefore suggest that OxLDL induced EMT in HK2 cells, the mechanism of which may be associated with LOX1related oxidative stress via the ERK and p38 MAPK pathways. Notably, pretreatment with probucol inhibited the OxLDLinduced oxidative stress by reducing the expression of LOX1, and blocked the progression of EMT.
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Antioxidantes/farmacología , Transición Epitelial-Mesenquimal , Lipoproteínas LDL/metabolismo , Probucol/farmacología , Antígenos CD , Cadherinas/metabolismo , Línea Celular , Supervivencia Celular , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Células Epiteliales/efectos de los fármacos , Células Epiteliales/metabolismo , Humanos , Túbulos Renales Proximales/citología , Sistema de Señalización de MAP Quinasas , NADPH Oxidasa 4/metabolismo , NADPH Oxidasas/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Estrés Oxidativo , Sustancias Protectoras/farmacología , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Receptores Depuradores de Clase E/metabolismoRESUMEN
Here, we investigated the impact of mulberry fruit (MBF) extracts on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses in RAW 264.7 macrophages, and the therapeutic efficacy of MBF diet in mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced acute colitis and MUC2(-/-) mice with colorectal cancer. In vitro, LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production was significantly inhibited by MBF extracts via suppressing the expression of proinflammatory molecules, including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), interleukin-1 beta (IL-ß) and IL-6. Particularly, a dose-dependent inhibition on LPS-induced inflammatory responses was observed following treatment with MBF dichloromethane extract (MBF-DE), in which linoleic acid and ethyl linolenate were identified as two active compounds. Moreover, we elucidated that MBF-DE attenuated LPS-induced inflammatory responses by blocking activation of both NF-κB/p65 and pERK/MAPK pathways. In vivo, DSS-induced acute colitis was significantly ameliorated in MBF-fed mice as gauged by weight loss, colon morphology and histological damage. In addition, MBF-fed MUC2(-/-) mice displayed significant decrease in intestinal tumor and inflammation incidence compared to control diet-fed group. Overall, our results demonstrated that MBF suppressed the development of intestinal inflammation and tumorgenesis both in vitro and in vivo, and supports the potential of MBF as a therapeutic functional food for testing in human clinical trials.