RESUMEN
AIMS: To compare the effects of replacing regular dietary oils intake with sesame (SO), canola (CO), and sesame-canola (SCO) oils (a novel blend), on cardiometabolic markers in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), in a triple-blind, three-way, randomized, crossover clinical trial. METHODS: Participants were assigned to receive SO, CO, and SCO in three 9-week phases (4 weeks apart). Cardiometabolic makers (serum lipids, Apolipoprotein, cardiovascular risk scores, kidney markers, and blood pressure) were considered at the beginning and the end of intervention phases. RESULTS: Ninety-two, ninety-five, and ninety-five participants completed the SO, SCO, and CO periods, respectively. After CO consumption, serum Apo A-1 concentrations were significantly higher compared with the SCO period in the whole population (p < 0.05). A considerable reduction in visceral adiposity index values was seen in the CO compared with the SO period in males (p < 0.05). Serum high-density lipoprotein concentration was also significantly higher after the SO intake compared with SCO in females (p < 0.05). The between-period analysis showed a substantial reduction in diastolic blood pressure in the SCO period compared with the CO and SO periods and lower systolic blood pressure after SCO versus CO intake in males (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Canola oil might protect CVD through improving Apo A-1 levels in patients with T2DM (particularly in females) and visceral adiposity index in male patients. However, the blend oil might beneficially affect blood pressure in men. Future sex-specific studies might warrant the current findings. REGISTRY OF CLINICAL TRIALS: This trial was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT, registration ID: IRCT2016091312571N6).
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Enfermedades Cardiovasculares , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Aceites de Plantas , Adulto , Apolipoproteína A-I , Biomarcadores , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/prevención & control , Estudios Cruzados , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicaciones , Femenino , Humanos , Irán , Masculino , Obesidad Abdominal , Aceites de Plantas/farmacología , Aceite de Brassica napus , Aceite de SésamoRESUMEN
Limited data exist on the cardiometabolic effects of sesame oil compared with canola oil. In the present study, 77 overweight adults were randomized to replace their regularly consumed oils with canola (CO), sesame (SO), and sesame-canola oils (SCO, 40% SO, and 60% CO) in three 9-week phases. Blood pressure, visceral adiposity index, serum apo-proteins (APOs) and lipid profile, glycemic control markers, kidney markers, liver enzymes, and cardiovascular disease risk scores were assessed at baseline and endline. After adjustment for confounders, SO significantly reduced serum alkaline aminotransferase (ALT) compared to CO (p ≤ 0.05) in all participants, increased serum urea compared to SCO in males, and decreased serum alkaline phosphatase compared to other oils in males, and improved serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglycerides (TG) compared to SCO, and eGFR compared with CO in females (p ≤ 0.05). Canola oil significantly improved serum Apo A1 and APO B/A ratio compared with SO, in males (p ≤ 0.05). Sesame-canola oil significantly reduced serum urea compared to other oils in all participants (p ≤ 0.05). Sesame oil and SCO might beneficially affect serum ALT and urea, respectively. Intervention oils might have different cardiometabolic effects in each gender. Further studies are needed to confirm our results (Trial registration code: IRCT2016091312571N6).
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Sesamum , Adulto , Factores de Riesgo Cardiometabólico , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Sobrepeso/tratamiento farmacológico , Aceites de Plantas , Aceite de Brassica napusRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Recent investigations have proposed that sesame and canola oils might affect body fat distribution. The present study aimed to examine the effects of sesame, canola and sesame-canola (a blend of sesame and canola oils) oils on body weight and composition in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the context of a randomized, triple-blind, three-way, cross-over clinical trial. RESULTS: Eligible participants were randomized to replace their regular dietary oil with sesame oil (SO), canola oil (CO) and sesame-canola oil (SCO) (with 40% SO and 60% CO). Treatment periods lasted 9 weeks and were separated by 4-week wash-out periods. Body weight and composition were measured at the beginning, in the middle and at the end of each intervention phase. In total, 93 participants completed the study. After adjustment for confounders, within-period changes were observed following SO and CO intake for body weight (0.34 ± 0.16 kg and 0.33 ± 0.17 kg) and visceral fat (0.13 ± 0.06% and 0.13 ± 0.05%, P < 0.05), respectively. Body mass index was increased within SO intake (0.13 ± 0.05 kg m-2 , P = 0.031). All of the treatment oils resulted in reduced waist circumference and index of central obesity (P < 0.05). A significant difference in change values was observed for visceral fat between SCO (-0.14 ± 0.07%) and SO (0.12 ± 0.08%) treatment periods in females (P = 0.02). CONCLUSION: Sesame and canola oils might lead to a modest favorable body fat redistribution by reducing central adiposity, particularly in females; however, the changes were of little clinical importance. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Tejido Adiposo/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/dietoterapia , Aceite de Brassica napus/metabolismo , Aceite de Sésamo/metabolismo , Adiposidad , Composición Corporal , Índice de Masa Corporal , Peso Corporal , Estudios Cruzados , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/fisiopatología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
We read the review by Arabi et al. with great interest which tried to examine the effects of vitamin D supplementation on hemoglobin concentration. It seems that the article suffers from fundamental methodological issues and the conclusions are likely to be erroneous. In this regard, we would like to ask the authors to address the mentioned limitations and to update the analysis in order to provide robust and trustful results. We are concerned that such meta-analyses may lead to the biased findings and conclusions.
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Suplementos Dietéticos , Vitamina D , Hemoglobinas , HumanosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to compare the effects of sesame (SO), canola (CO), and sesame-canola (SCO: a blend) oils on glycaemic control markers and liver function enzymes in adults with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: In this randomized, triple-blind, three-way, cross-over clinical trial, participants replaced their usual oil with the intervention oils for 9 weeks. Serum fasting blood sugar, fasting serum insulin (FSI), insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR), beta-cell function (HOMA2-%B), insulin sensitivity (HOMA2-%S), quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), as well as serum liver function enzymes were measured at baseline and end of intervention periods. RESULTS: Ninety-two participants completed all treatment periods. After adjusting for confounders, all treatment oils resulted in significant improvements in FSI and HOMA2-%S (p < 0.05). SO and SCO led to favourable changes in HOMA2-IR and QUICKI (p < 0.05). Following CO and SCO, there was a significant decrease in HOMA2-%B (p < 0.05). The sex-stratified analysis revealed that FSI and HOMA2-IR were decreased after SO compared to CO in males (p = 0.024). Serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) was significantly lower following SO compared to CO in females (p = 0.02), however, the difference in change values was not significant (p = 0.058). CONCLUSIONS: SO consumption appears to improve glycaemic control markers in males and serum GGT in females compared with CO in patients with type 2 diabetes (registration code: IRCT2016091312571N6).
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Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Resistencia a la Insulina , Sesamum , Estudios Cruzados , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamiento farmacológico , Femenino , Control Glucémico , Humanos , Hígado , Masculino , Aceite de Brassica napus , Aceite de SésamoRESUMEN
The present study aimed to examine the effect of replacing edible oils with sesame oil (SO), canola oil (CO) and sesame-canola oil (SCO) on body weight and composition in adults. Adults without any chronic diseases (n = 77) were entered a 4-week run-in period and then were randomised to receive SO, CO and SCO for their household use in 9-week intervention periods (separated by 4-week washout intervals). Anthropometric measurements, as well as body composition markers, were assessed at baseline, middle and after each intervention period. In total, 73 participants completed the study. Although significant time effects were seen for waist and hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, central obesity index, body adiposity index, muscle mass and body fat percent (ptime<.05), the treatment and treatment × time effects were not significant (p>.05). The present clinical trial revealed that CO, SO and SCO might not differently affect body fat and composition. Trial registration code: IRCT2016091312571N6 (http://en.irct.ir/trial/12622).
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Tejido Adiposo , Composición Corporal , Aceites de Plantas/administración & dosificación , Adiposidad , Adulto , Antropometría , Estudios Cruzados , Femenino , Humanos , Irán , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Obesidad Abdominal , Aceite de Brassica napus , Aceite de SésamoRESUMEN
We read with interest the review by Kord-Varkaneh et al. which examined the effects of vitamin D supplementation on IGF-1 levels in humans. We believe that the article suffers from severe methodological faults and subsequently the conclusions are likely to be biased. Thus, the authors should address the mentioned limitations and update the analyses to provide robust and trustful estimates. We are concerned that without correction, the analyses may lead to erroneous findings and conclusions.
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Factor I del Crecimiento Similar a la Insulina , Vitamina D , Suplementos Dietéticos , HumanosRESUMEN
Introduction: Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) is a key regulating enzyme in the lipid metabolism pathway, and its gene polymorphism may be a candidate for modulating the metabolic responses to dietary intervention. We thus examined whether the effects of the CETP TaqIB polymorphism on metabolic profiles were modified by dietary plant oils. Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of data collected during a randomized triple-blind cross over trial. A total of 95 patients with type 2 diabetes and 73 non-diabetes individuals completed a 9-weekof the intake of sesame, canola and sesame-canola oils. Blood samples were collected at the beginning and at the end of each intervention period for biochemical analysis. Genotyping was done using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Results: In diabetes patients, B1B1 homozygotes of the CETP TaqIB polymorphism compared with B2 carriers (B1B2 + B2B2) had significantly lower diastolic blood pressure, apoB and apoB: apoA-1,and higher Lp(a) after the intake of sesame-canola oil, as well as lower insulin and HOMA-IR after the intake of sesame oil. There was also a significant effect of genotype on adjusted changes of apoB, apoB: apoA-1, insulin, HOMA-IR and QUICKI. A significant genotype-dietary oils combined effects were observed for diastolic blood pressure, and LDL: HDL, TC: HDL and TG: HDL ratios in diabetes patients. No independent or combined effects of dietary oils and genotypes on outcomes were found in healthy people. Conclusion: There was a modulatory effect of the CETP TaqIB polymorphism on some metabolic traits in response to plant oils in patients with diabetes. Taken together, the intake of sesame-canola and canola oils showed more favorable effects in diabetes patients with B1B1 genotype. Future investigations are needed to confirm these results.
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BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Canola oil (CO) is a plant-based oil with the potential to improve several cardiometabolic risk factors. We systematically reviewed controlled clinical trials investigating the effects of CO on lipid profiles, apo-lipoproteins, glycemic indices, inflammation, and blood pressure compared to other edible oils in adults. METHODS AND RESULTS: Online databases were searched for articles up to January 2020. Forty-two articles met the inclusion criteria. CO significantly reduced total cholesterol (TC, -0.27 mmol/l, n = 37), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C, -0.23 mmol/l, n = 35), LDL-C to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (LDL/HDL, -0.21, n = 10), TC/HDL (-0.13, n = 15), apolipoprotein B (Apo B, -0.03 g/l, n = 14), and Apo B/Apo A-1 (-0.02, n = 6) compared to other edible oils (P < 0.05). Compared to olive oil, CO decreased TC (-0.23 mmol/l, n = 9), LDL-C (-0.17 mmol/l, n = 9), LDL/HDL (-0.39, n = 2), and triglycerides in VLDL (VLDL-TG, -0.10 mmol/l, n = 2) (P < 0.05). Compared to sunflower oil, CO improved LDL-C (-0.14 mmol/l, n = 11), and LDL/HDL (-0.30, n = 3) (P < 0.05). In comparison with saturated fats, CO improved TC (-0.59 mmol/l, n = 11), TG (-0.08 mmol/l, n = 11), LDL-C (-0.49 mmol/l, n = 10), TC/HDL (-0.29, n = 5), and Apo B (-0.09 g/l, n = 4) (P < 0.05). Based on the nonlinear dose-response curve, replacing CO with ~15% of total caloric intake provided the greatest benefits. CONCLUSION: CO significantly improved different cardiometabolic risk factors compared to other edible oils. Further well-designed clinical trials are warranted to confirm the dose-response associations.
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Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/prevención & control , Dieta Saludable , Aceite de Brassica napus/administración & dosificación , Conducta de Reducción del Riesgo , Factores de Riesgo Cardiometabólico , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/epidemiología , Ingestión de Energía , Humanos , Valor Nutritivo , Factores Protectores , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , Aceite de Brassica napus/efectos adversos , Ingesta Diaria Recomendada , Medición de Riesgo , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND & AIMS: The inter-individual variations of the metabolic markers in response to dietary interventions may be mediated by genetic factors. We examined whether the type of dietary oils can modulate the effects of -75G/A polymorphism in APOA-1 gene on cardiometabolic markers. METHODS: This study was a randomized, triple-blind, cross-over clinical trial. Participants with and without type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to replace their regular oil with sesame oil, canola oil and sesame-canola oil for 9 weeks. Genotyping was conducted using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. RESULTS: Ninety-five diabetes patients and 73 healthy individuals completed the study protocol. In patients with type 2 diabetes, the A allele carriers experienced greater decrease in systolic blood pressure compared with GG homozygotes following sesame-canola oil intake. Serum levels of HDL-C and TG: HDL ratio was increased and decreased following canola oil intake in patients carrying the A allele rather than non-A allele carriers, respectively. More reductions for risk of cardiovascular diseases and mortality, except risk of stroke were found in the A allele carriers compared with GG homozygotes after intakes of canola and sesame-canola oils, but not sesame oil. There was also a significant genotype effect as well as genotype-dietary oil interactions on cardiovascular risk scores. In healthy individuals, a considerable decrease in visceral fat was accompanied by a significant increase in HDL-C levels in the A allele carriers compared with non-A allele carriers after sesame oil intake. CONCLUSION: Patients with diabetes carrying the A allele might benefit from canola and sesame-canola oils intakes, and healthy A allele carriers from sesame and sesame-canola oils intakes as well. Future clinical trials are recommended to warrant current findings.
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Enfermedades Cardiovasculares , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Sesamum , Adulto , Apolipoproteína A-I , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/genética , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/genética , Humanos , Aceite de Brassica napusAsunto(s)
Carnitina , Control Glucémico , Adulto , Glucemia , Suplementos Dietéticos , Humanos , LípidosRESUMEN
A number of clinical trials have examined the effect of canola oil (CO) on body composition in recent years; however, the results have been inconsistent. The present investigation aims to examine the effect of CO on body weight (BW) and body composition using a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials. Online databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched up to February, 2018 for randomized controlled clinical trials that examined the effect of CO on anthropometric measures and body composition indexes in adults. The Cochrane Collaboration's tool was used to assess the risk of bias in individual studies. A random-effects model was used to evaluate the effect of CO consumption on several outcomes: BW, body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, android-to-gynoid ratio, and body lean and fat mass. In total, 25 studies were included in the systematic review. The meta-analysis revealed that CO consumption reduces BW [weighted mean difference (WMD) = -0.30 kg; 95% CI: -0.52, -0.08 kg, P = 0.007; n = 23 effect sizes], particularly in participants with type 2 diabetes (WMD = -0.63 kg; 95% CI: -1.09, -0.17 kg, P = 0.007), in studies with a parallel design (WMD = -0.49 kg; 95% CI: -0.85, -0.14 kg, P = 0.006), in nonfeeding trials (WMD = -0.32 kg; 95% CI: -0.55, -0.09 kg, P = 0.006), and when compared with saturated fat (WMD = -0.40 kg; 95% CI: -0.74, -0.06 kg, P = 0.019). CO consumption did not significantly affect any other anthropometric measures or body fat markers (P > 0.05). Although CO consumption results in a modest decrease in BW, no significant effect was observed on other adiposity indexes. Further well-constructed clinical trials that target BW and body composition as their primary outcomes are needed.
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Composición Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Dieta/efectos adversos , Grasas de la Dieta/farmacología , Aceite de Brassica napus , Tejido Adiposo , Adiposidad/efectos de los fármacos , Adulto , Antropometría , Índice de Masa Corporal , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como AsuntoRESUMEN
Objective: We aim to report a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on effects of olive oil consumption compared with other plant oils on blood lipids. Methods: PubMed, web of science, Scopus, ProQuest, and Embase were systematically searched until September 2017, with no age, language and design restrictions. Weighed mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were expressed as effect size. Sensitivity analyses and pre specified subgroup was conducted to evaluate potential heterogeneity. Meta-regression analyses were performed to investigate association between blood lipid-lowering effects of olive oil and duration of treatment. Results: Twenty-seven trials, comprising 1089 participants met the eligibility criteria. Results of this study showed that compared to other plant oils, high-density lipoprotein level increased significantly more for OO (1.37 mg/dl: 95% CI: 0.4, 2.36). Also OO consumption reduced total cholesterol (TC) (6.27 mg/dl, 95% CI: 2.8, 10.6), Low-density lipoprotein (LDL-c) (4.2 mg/dl, 95% CI: 1.4, 7.01), and triglyceride (TG) (4.31 mg/dl, 95% CI: 0.5, 8.12) significantly less than other plant oils. There were no significant effects on Apo lipoprotein A1 and Apo lipoprotein B. Conclusion: This meta-analysis suggested that OO consumption decreased serum TC, LDL-c, and TG less but increased HDL-c more than other plant oils.
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Lípidos/sangre , Aceite de Oliva/uso terapéutico , Aceites de Plantas/uso terapéutico , Colesterol/sangre , HDL-Colesterol/sangre , LDL-Colesterol/sangre , Bases de Datos Factuales , Dislipidemias/tratamiento farmacológico , Alimentos , Humanos , Triglicéridos/sangreRESUMEN
Context: The results of human clinical trials investigating the effects of flaxseed on glucose control and insulin sensitivity are inconsistent. Objective: The present study aimed to systematically review and analyze randomized controlled trials assessing the effects of flaxseed consumption on glycemic control. Data Sources: PubMed, Medline via Ovid, SCOPUS, EMBASE, and ISI Web of Sciences databases were searched up to November 2016. Study Selection: Clinical trials in which flaxseed or its products were administered as an intervention were included. Data Extraction: The outcomes were fasting blood glucose, insulin concentration, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), insulin sensitivity (QUIKI), and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). Results: A total of 25 randomized clinical trials (30 treatment arms) were included. Meta-analysis suggested a significant association between flaxseed supplementation and a reduction in blood glucose (weighted mean difference [WMD], -2.94 mg/dL; 95%CI, -5.31 to - 0.56; P = 0.015), insulin levels (WMD, -7.32 pmol/L; 95%CI, -11.66 to -2.97; P = 0.001), and HOMA-IR index (WMD, -0.49; 95%CI,: -0.78 to - 0.20; P = 0.001) and an increase in QUIKI index (WMD, 0.019; 95%CI, 0.008-0.031; P = 0.001). No significant effect on HbA1c (WMD, -0.045%; 95%CI, -0.16 to - 0.07; P = 0.468) was found. In subgroup analysis, a significant reduction in blood glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR and a significant increase in QUIKI were found only in studies using whole flaxseed but not flaxseed oil and lignan extract. Furthermore, a significant reduction was observed in insulin levels and insulin sensitivity indexes only in the subset of trials lasting ≥12 weeks. Conclusions: Whole flaxseed, but not flaxseed oil and lignan extract, has significant effects on improving glycemic control. Further studies are needed to determine the benefits of flaxseed on glycemic parameters.