RESUMEN
The identification of allergens is essential in the management of allergic rhinitis. Sugarcane produces anemophilic pollen. The purpose of our study is to assess the role of sugarcane pollen in the occurrence of allergic rhinitis. We conducted a case-control analytical study of patients living in a Malagasy rural commune in which sugarcane cultivation and processing are important sources of employment, from July 2017 to June 2018. We enrolled 182 patients (91 cases and 91 controls). Factors associated with the occurrence of symptoms of allergic rhinitis were: a distance of less than 500 meters between homes and sugarcane fields (OR = 1.50), being a sugarcane worker (OR=1.16) and having a family history of allergic rhinitis (OR=13.67). In addition, exposure to wind gusts (OR=0.84) and outdoor occupation (OR=0.92) were protective factors. Exposure of patients to sugarcane pollen is associated with clinical manifestations of allergic rhinitis and confirms the role of this allergen in the occurrence of the disease. Avoidance and hygiene measures are the basis of treatment.