Identification of prognostic hub genes and therapeutic targets for selenium deficiency in chicks model through transcriptome profiling.

Selenium deficiency is a prevalent micronutrient deficiency that poses a major health concern worldwide. This study aimed to shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying selenium deficiency using a chick model. Chickens were divided into control and selenium deficient groups. Plasma samples were collected to measure selenium concentration and transcriptome analyse were performed on oviduct samples. The results showed that selenium deficiency led to a significant reduction in plasma selenium levels and altered the expression of 10,266 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). These DEGs primarily regulated signal transduction and cell motility. The molecular function includes GTPase regulatory activity, and KEGG pathway analysis showed that they were mainly involved in the signal transduction. By using Cytoscape and CancerGeneNet tool, we identified 8 modules and 10 hub genes (FRK, JUN, PTPRC, ACTA2, MST1R, SDC4, SDC1, CXCL12, MX1 and EZR) associated with receptor tyrosine kinase pathway, Wnt and mTOR signaling pathways that may be closely related to cancer. These hub genes could be served as precise diagnostic and prognostic candidate biomarkers of selenium deficiency and potential targets for treatment strategies in both animals and humans. This study sheds light on the molecular basis of selenium deficiency and its potential impact on public health.

Ethno-pharmacological insulin signaling induction of aqueous extract of Syzygium paniculatum fruits in a high-fat diet induced hepatic insulin resistance.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The ethnopharmacological significance of the fruits of Syzygium paniculatum Gaertn (Magenta Cherry) is widely recognized in the Indian traditional medicine system to treat various disorders, such as diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, hypertension, and cardiovascular problems. AIM OF THE STUDY: This research work investigated the supplementation of the aqueous extract of S. paniculatum fruit (AESPF) on liver function; the molecular effects on the expression of the protein of insulin receptor (IR) and insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) in high-fat diet-induced hepatic insulin resistance in the rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: High-fat diet was used to induce obesity in albino Wistar for 120 days. Biochemical, enzymatic, and histopathological analysis, as well as analysis of hepatic insulin resistance proteins and expression of IRS-1, were performed. RESULTS: The supplementation of AESPF with a dose of 100 mg/kg bw significantly reduced bodyweight, blood sugar, insulin, lipid profiles, and liver enzymes. Hepatic insulin resistance was improved with a reduced level of IR and IRS-1 to protein levels. HFD alters the sensitivity of hepatocytes to insulin due to the down-regulation of insulin receptor proteins. CONCLUSIONS: The fruits of S. paniculatum possess biological activities to alleviate all risky effects by regulating hepatic lipogenesis activity that can be used in the progress of medication for HFD-induced hepatic insulin resistance and metabolic disorders.