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Medicinas Complementárias
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1.
Molecules ; 27(20)2022 Oct 11.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36296396

RESUMEN

Saffron is a very high value-added ingredient used in the food supplement market and contains a high level of safranal. Adding synthetic safranal to saffron, which is significantly cheaper, and falsifying the origin of saffron may represent recurrent fraud. Saffron from different countries was analyzed to determine the stable isotope ratios δ13C and δ2H from safranal by gas chromatography coupled with isotope-ratio mass spectrometry (GC-C/P-IRMS) and the concentration of saffron metabolites with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector (UHPLC-DAD). The isotopic analysis highlighted a higher ratio of δ2H in synthetic safranal than in natural safranal; the mean values were 36‱ (+/- 40) and -210‱ (+/- 35), respectively. The δ13C between Iranian, Spanish and other saffron was significantly different and represents median values of -28.62‱, -30.12‱ and -30.70‱, respectively. Moreover, linear and quadratic discriminant analyses (LDA and QDA) were computed using the two isotope ratios of safranal and the saffron metabolites. A first QDA showed that trans-crocetin and the δ13C of safranal, picrocrocin, and crocin C3 concentrations clearly differentiated Iranian saffron from other origins. A second model identified δ13C, trans-crocetin, crocin C2, crocin C3, and picrocrocin as good predictors to discriminate saffron samples from Iran, Spain, or other origins, with a total ability score classification matrix of 100% and a prediction matrix of 82.5%. This combined approach may be a useful tool to authenticate the origin of unknown saffron.


Asunto(s)
Crocus , Crocus/química , Irán , Extractos Vegetales/química , Ciclohexenos/análisis , Terpenos/análisis , Isótopos/análisis
2.
Food Chem ; 257: 325-332, 2018 Aug 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29622218

RESUMEN

A new UHPLC-DAD-MS method based on a Core-Shell particles column was developed to realize the rapid separation of saffron stigma metabolites (Crocus sativus L.). A single separation of 35 compounds included cis and trans-crocetin esters (crocins), cis-crocetin, trans-crocetin, kaempferol derivatives, safranal, and picrocrocin from pure saffron stigmas. This method permitted the detection of 11 picrocrocin derivatives as the typical group of compounds from saffron as well as the detection of gardenia-specific compounds as typical adulterant markers. The metabolite concentration in a Standardized Saffron Extract (SSE) was determined using the method described herein and by comparison to the ISO3632 conventional method. The safranal content was 5-150 times lower than the value of 2% that was expected via ISO3632 analyses. Using the same Core-Shell separation, geniposide detection appeared to be a relevant approach for detecting the adulteration of saffron by using gardenia.


Asunto(s)
Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Crocus/química , Gardenia/química , Espectrometría de Masas , Extractos Vegetales/análisis , Carotenoides/análisis , Carotenoides/aislamiento & purificación , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/normas , Crocus/metabolismo , Ciclohexenos/análisis , Ciclohexenos/aislamiento & purificación , Frutas/química , Frutas/metabolismo , Gardenia/metabolismo , Glucósidos/análisis , Glucósidos/aislamiento & purificación , Isomerismo , Espectrometría de Masas/normas , Extractos Vegetales/química , Control de Calidad , Terpenos/análisis , Terpenos/aislamiento & purificación , Vitamina A/análogos & derivados
3.
Nutr Res ; 36(2): 161-73, 2016 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26574736

RESUMEN

Dietary supplementation with dried plum (DP) has been shown to protect against and reverse established osteopenia in ovariectomized rodents. Based on in vitro studies, we hypothesized that DP polyphenols may be responsible for that bone-sparing effect. This study was designed to (1) analyze whether the main phenolic acids of DP control preosteoblast proliferation and activity in vitro; (2) determine if the polyphenolic content of DP or DP juice concentrate is the main component improving bone health in vivo; and (3) analyze whether DP metabolites directly modulate preosteoblast physiology ex vivo. In vitro, we found that neochlorogenic, chlorogenic, and caffeic acids induce the proliferation and repress the alkaline phosphatase activity of primary preosteoblasts in a dose-dependent manner. In vivo, low-chlorogenic acid Agen prunes (AP) enriched with a high-fiber diet and low-chlorogenic acid AP juice concentrate prevented the decrease of total femoral bone mineral density induced by estrogen deficiency in 5-month-old female rats and positively restored the variations of the bone markers osteocalcin and deoxypyridinoline. Ex vivo, we demonstrated that serum from rats fed with low-chlorogenic acid AP enriched with a high-fiber diet showed repressed proliferation and stimulated alkaline phosphatase activity of primary preosteoblasts. Overall, the beneficial action of AP on bone health was not dependent on its polyphenolic content.


Asunto(s)
Conservadores de la Densidad Ósea/uso terapéutico , Ácidos Cafeicos/uso terapéutico , Ácido Clorogénico/análogos & derivados , Suplementos Dietéticos , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Osteoporosis Posmenopáusica/prevención & control , Prunus domestica/química , Ácido Quínico/análogos & derivados , Animales , Biomarcadores/sangre , Biomarcadores/orina , Densidad Ósea , Ácidos Cafeicos/análisis , Proliferación Celular , Células Cultivadas , Ácido Clorogénico/análisis , Ácido Clorogénico/uso terapéutico , Suplementos Dietéticos/análisis , Femenino , Frutas/química , Jugos de Frutas y Vegetales/análisis , Humanos , Osteoblastos/citología , Osteoblastos/metabolismo , Osteoblastos/patología , Osteogénesis , Osteoporosis Posmenopáusica/sangre , Osteoporosis Posmenopáusica/orina , Ácido Quínico/análisis , Ácido Quínico/uso terapéutico , Distribución Aleatoria , Ratas Wistar
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