Vitamin E Does not Favor Recovery After Exercises: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

This review aimed to verify the effects of vitamin E supplementation on oxidative stress, inflammatory response, muscle damage, soreness, and strength in healthy adults after exercise. We searched the MEDLINE, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Web of Science from inception to August 2023, with no language restrictions. We included randomized placebo-controlled trials evaluating the supplementation of vitamin E on the abovementioned outcomes after a bout of physical exercise in healthy participants (no restriction for publication year or language). Meta-analyses were conducted to compare vitamin E and placebo supplementations to obtain a 95% confidence interval (95%IC). Twenty studies were included (n=298 participants). The effect of supplementation was assessed between 0 h and 96 h after the exercise. Compared to placebo, vitamin E had no effects on lipid (95%IC= -0.09 to 0.42), protein (-2.44 to 3.11), SOD (-1.05 to 0.23), interleukin-6 (-0.18 to 1.16), creatine kinase (-0.33 to 0.27), muscle soreness (-1.92 to 0.69), and muscle strength (-1.07 to 0.34). Heterogeneity for the analyses on carbonyls, interleukin-6 (1 h and 3 h), and muscle soreness ranged between 70 to 94%. Supplementing with vitamin E should not be recommended to support the recovery process in healthy individuals after exercise, given the lack of efficacy in the analyzed variables following an exercise session.

Vitamins C and E Associated With Cryotherapy in the Recovery of the Inflammatory Response After Resistance Exercise: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

ABSTRACT: de Brito, E, Teixeira, AdO, Righi, NC, Paulitcth, FdS, da Silva, AMV, and Signori, LU. Vitamins C and E associated with cryotherapy in the recovery of the inflammatory response after resistance exercise: A randomized clinical trial. J Strength Cond Res 36(1): 135-141, 2022-The objective of this research was to compare the effects of cryotherapy associated with vitamins (C and E) on the recovery of the inflammatory response from the resistance exercise (RE) session of untrained volunteers. Fourteen subjects (26.2 ± 5 years old, 25.8 ± 3 kg·m-2) underwent 4 sessions of RE with different forms of recovery. The RE consisted of 4 sets of 10 maximal repetitions for each exercise (extensor bench, squat, and leg press). The recoveries were randomized and comprised the passive (control), with vitamins C (1 g) and E (800 UI) supplementation 40 minutes before exercise, with cryotherapy (immersion in water 15° C for 10 minutes), and the association (vitamins and cryotherapy). Hemogram, inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein and creatine kinase [CK]), and parameters of oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation [LPO] and antioxidant capacity against radical peroxyl) were evaluated before (baseline) and after (0, 30, and 120 minutes) the RE sessions. Muscle pain (primary outcome) was evaluated 24 hours after exercise. C-reactive protein (p = 0.010) and LPO (p < 0.001) increased (120 minutes) only in passive recovery. Recovery with cryotherapy (30 minutes), with vitamins and the association (0 and 30 minutes) delayed increases in CK (p < 0.001). Antioxidant capacity against radical peroxyl increased (30 minutes) only in recovery with the association (p < 0.011). The pain decreased in the recoveries with cryotherapy and association (p < 0.001). The association of vitamins (C and E) with cryotherapy attenuated the inflammatory response and pain, favoring recovery after an acute RE session.

Effects of vitamin C on oxidative stress, inflammation, muscle soreness, and strength following acute exercise: meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials.

BACKGROUND: Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) seems to attenuate the overproduction of reactive species during and after exercises. Yet, no meta-analysis has summarized the magnitude of this effect. The objective of this study was to systematically review the effects of vitamin C supplementation on oxidative stress, inflammatory markers, damage, soreness, and the musculoskeletal functionality after a single bout of exercise. METHODS: Major electronic databases were searched, from inception to September 2019, for placebo-controlled randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that evaluated the effects of vitamin C supplementation on oxidative stress parameters, inflammation markers, muscle damage, muscle soreness, and muscle functionality after a single bout of exercise in healthy volunteers. Random-effects modelling was used to compare mean changes from pre- to postexercise in participants that were supplemented with vitamin C versus placebo. Data were reported as standard mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS: A total of 18 RCTs, accounting for 313 participants (62% males, median age = 24 years) were included. Vitamin C supplementation reduced lipid peroxidation immediately (SMD = - 0.488; 95% CI = - 0.888 to - 0.088), 1 h (SMD = - 0.521; 95% CI = - 0.911 to - 0.131) and between 1 and 2 h (SMD = - 0.449; 95% CI = - 0.772 to - 0.126) following exercise. Exercise induced interleukin-6 (IL-6) response was attenuated 2 h (SMD = - 0.764; 95% CI = - 1.279 to - 0.248) and between 1 and 2 h (SMD = - 0.447; 95% CI = - 0.828 to - 0.065) after exercise. No effects of vitamin C supplementation were found on creatine kinase (CK), C-reactive protein (CRP), cortisol levels, muscle soreness, and muscle strength. CONCLUSION: Vitamin C supplementation attenuates the oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation) and inflammatory response (IL-6) to a single bout of exercise. REGISTRATION: PROSPERO (CRD42018094222).

Efeitos da autoliberação miofascial com foam roller ou roller massager sobre a dor e a função musculoesquelética após exercí­cios / Effects of self-myofascial release with foam roller or roller massager on soreness and musculoskeletic function after exercises

Introdução: A autoliberação miofascial com o Foam Roller (FR) ou Roller Massager (RM) pode ser uma intervenção que favorece a recuperação após exercícios. Objetivo: Revisar de forma integrativa os efeitos do FR ou RM sobre a dor e a funcionalidade musculoesquelética de voluntários saudáveis após a realização de exercícios. Métodos: Revisão integrativa da literatura. A busca foi realizada nas bases de dados Medline (PubMed), Cochrane Library, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde e PeDro, sem restrições de ano de publicação ou idioma, através dos descritores em inglês "Healthy Volunteers"; "Exercise"; "Clinical Trial"; e das palavras-chave "Myofascial Release", "Foam Rolling", "Roller Massage". Resultados: Inicialmente a busca incluiu 84 estudos e posterior análise dos critérios de elegibilidade foram incluídos apenas quatro estudos. Nestes estudos a intervenção melhorou a percepção da dor e algumas variáveis funcionais, dentre estas, a amplitude de movimento, força, resistência, velocidade de reação e a potência após os exercícios. Conclusão: Os estudos demonstram que o FR ou RM reduziram a dor e melhoram algumas variáveis funcionais. No entanto, estes resultados ainda são inconsistentes pelo baixo número de estudos, carecendo de maior investigação para aumentar o nível de evidência e a aplicação da técnica nesta condição. (AU)

Introduction: Self-myofascial release with the Foam Roller (FR) or Roller Massager (RM) may be an intervention that favors recovery after exercise. Objective: To review in an integrative way the effects of FR or RM on pain and musculoskeletal function of healthy volunteers after exercise. Methods: Integrative literature review. The study was performed in the databases Medline (PubMed), Cochrane Library, Virtual Health Library and PeDro, without restrictions of year of publication or language, through the English descriptors "healthy volunteers"; "exercise"; "clinical trial"; and the key words "myofascial release", "foam rolling", "roller massage". Results: Initially the search included 84 studies and subsequent analysis of the eligibility criteria, only four studies were included. In these studies, the intervention improved the perception of pain and some functional variables, among them, the range of motion, strength, resistance, reaction speed and power after exercise. Conclusion: Studies show that FR or RM reduced pain and improved some functional variables. However, these results are still inconsistent due to the low number of studies, requiring further investigation to increase the level of evidence and the application of the technique in this condition. (AU)