RESUMEN
The gut microbiota has emerged as a factor that influences exercise performance and recovery. The present study aimed to test the effect of a polyherbal supplement containing ginger and annatto called "ReWin(d)" on the gut microbiota of recreational athletes in a pilot, randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Thirty-four participants who practice physical activity at least three times weekly were randomly allocated to two groups, a ReWin(d) group or a maltodextrin (placebo) group. We evaluated the gut microbiota, the production of short-chain fatty acids, and the serum levels of interleukin-6 and lipopolysaccharide at baseline and after 4 weeks. Results showed that ReWin(d) supplementation slightly increased gut microbiota diversity. Pairwise analysis revealed an increase in the relative abundance of Lachnospira (ß-coefficient = 0.013; p = 0.001), Subdoligranulum (ß-coefficient = 0.016; p = 0.016), Roseburia (ß-coefficient = 0.019; p = 0.001), and Butyricicoccus (ß-coefficient = 0.005; p = 0.035) genera in the ReWin(d) group, and a decrease in Lachnoclostridium (ß-coefficient = - 0.008; p = 0.009) and the Christensenellaceae R7 group (ß-coefficient = - 0.010; p < 0.001). Moreover, the Christensenellaceae R-7 group correlated positively with serum interleukin-6 (ρ = 0.4122; p = 0.032), whereas the Lachnospira genus correlated negatively with interleukin-6 (ρ = - 0.399; p = 0.032). ReWin(d) supplementation had no effect on short-chain fatty acid production or on interleukin-6 or lipopolysaccharide levels.
Asunto(s)
Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Zingiber officinale , Humanos , Bixaceae , Interleucina-6/farmacología , Lipopolisacáridos/farmacología , Heces , Suplementos Dietéticos , Ácidos Grasos Volátiles/farmacología , AtletasRESUMEN
Recreational running (RR) is becoming a popular way to increase physical activity for improving health, together with a higher incidence of knee injuries. The aim was to analyze the effect of a four-week supplementation with a mixture of Harpagophytum procumbens, Zingiber officinale and Bixa orellana on males, middle-aged, RR with an undiagnosed knee discomfort. A randomized triple-blind placebo-control trial was conducted among male RR aged 40-60 years suffering from self-declared knee discomfort after training. Participants were assigned to supplementation (2 g/day in 6 doses; n = 13; intervention group (IG)) or matched placebo (n = 15; control group (CG)) for 4 weeks. At pre- and post-intervention, assessment of routine blood biomarkers, body composition, running biomechanics and body temperature was performed using standardized procedures. Machine learning (ML) techniques were used to classify whether subjects belonged to IG or CG. ML model was able to correctly classify individuals as IG or CG with a median accuracy of 0.857. Leg fat mass decreased significantly (p = 0.037) and a deeper reduction in knee thermograms was observed in IG (p < 0.05). Safety evaluation revealed no significant differences in the rest of parameters studied. Subjects belonging to IG or CG are clearly differentiated, pointing into an effect of the supplement of ameliorating inflammation.
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Harpagophytum , Zingiber officinale , Bixaceae , Suplementos Dietéticos , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Dolor , AutoinformeRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: There is an increasing interest in the use of eccentric muscle exercise to improve physical condition, especially with regards to its health-related benefits. However, it is known that unaccustomed eccentric exercise causes muscle damage and delayed pain, commonly defined as "delayed onset muscle soreness" (DOMS). The efficacy of herbal preparations in subjects suffering from DOMS has been reported in a few previous studies with small or moderate outcome measures related to muscle recovery. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of a polyherbal mixture containing whole Zingiber officinale Roscoe and Bixa orellana L., powders called ReWin(d), in young male athletes suffering from DOMS induced by a 1 h session of plyometric exercises. METHODS: Thirty-three young male athletes participated in this randomized, Triple-blind, placebo-controlled trial: 17 of them assigned to the ReWin(d) group and 16 of them to the placebo group. Creatine kinase (CK) was measured as a muscle damage marker, pain was assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), muscle performance was measured through half-squat exercise (HS) monitored with an accelerometer (Encoder), and heart rate variability (HRV) was monitored for 5 min with the subjects in the supine position. All determinations were performed before and after the eccentric session and 24, 48, and 72 h after the session. RESULTS: The eccentric exercise session caused an increase in CK at 24 and 48 h after exercise intervention in both groups (p < 0.001). There was no interaction between groups regarding muscle damage. The pain increased after the training session in both groups (p < 0.001), and a significant interaction was observed between groups at 48 h after exercise (p = 0.004). Lower limb muscular power showed a significant interaction between groups 24 h after exercise (p = 0.049); the placebo group showed a reduction in muscle power compared to the ReWin(d) group. The LF/HF ratio decreased significantly at 72 h after exercise in the herbal group but not in the placebo group. CONCLUSION: The herbal supplement maintained the maximum power of the lower limbs and attenuated muscle pain. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT03961022.
RESUMEN
Previously, we have reported the opposite effects of compounds isolated from Lagerstroemia speciosa leaves on a glucose transport (GLUT4) assay. Ellagitannins from L. speciosa activated GLUT4, while ellagic acid derivatives showed an inhibitory effect. As part of our continuing research on anti-diabetic nutritional supplements, we herein compared the anti-diabetic effects of several extracts (LE1-8) from leaves of L. speciosa using different manufacturing processes based on the contents of ellagitannins and ellagic acid derivatives. Their anti-diabetic effects were evaluated through glucose uptake and adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells in vitro as well as alloxan induced diabetic mice in vivo. These extracts were given to mice by gavage at doses of 0.25, 1.0, and 4.0 g per kg body weight once a day for 21 consecutive days. Results showed that LE1 (1.0 g kg-1), LE3 (1.0 or 4.0 g kg-1), LE4 (1.0 or 4.0 g kg-1), LE5 (0.25 or 1.0 or 4.0 g kg-1) and LE7 (1.0 or 4.0 g kg-1) showed significant anti-diabetic effects in alloxan-induced diabetic mice as indicated by the decreased levels of fasting blood glucose, body weight, serum biomarkers, tissue weight and body fat, and increased final insulin levels. LE8 (1.0 g kg-1) showed a moderate anti-diabetic effect as illustrated by the reduced fasting blood glucose level while LE2 and LE6 showed slight effects in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. The potential correlation of the content of ellagitannins, ellagic acid derivatives, and corosolic acid with the anti-diabetic activity was discussed.
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Ácido Elágico , Taninos Hidrolizables , Hipoglucemiantes , Lagerstroemia/química , Extractos Vegetales , Células 3T3-L1 , Adipocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Glucemia/efectos de los fármacos , Diferenciación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/metabolismo , Ácido Elágico/química , Ácido Elágico/farmacocinética , Ácido Elágico/farmacología , Taninos Hidrolizables/química , Taninos Hidrolizables/farmacocinética , Taninos Hidrolizables/farmacología , Hipoglucemiantes/química , Hipoglucemiantes/farmacocinética , Hipoglucemiantes/farmacología , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos ICR , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacocinética , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Hojas de la Planta/químicaRESUMEN
Ptychopetalum olacoides is a folk medicinal plant for health care in market, especially in Brazil. Fourteen known compounds were isolated from P. olacoides and their chemical structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic data, including 1D NMR, 2D NMR, UV, IR and HR-ESI-MS. The 14 known compounds were identified as N-trans-feruloyl-3,5-dihydroxyindolin-2-one (1), magnoflorine (2), menisperine (3), 4-coumaroylserotonin (4), moschamine (5), luteolin (6), 4'-methoxyluteolin (7), 3-methoxyluteolin (8), 3, 7-dimethoxyluteolin (9), caffeic acid (10), ferulic acid (11), vanillic acid (12), syringic acid (13) and ginsenoside Re (14). To our knowledge, compounds (1-6, 13-14) were isolated from the plant for the first time. Additionally, quantitative analysis results indicated that calibration equations of compounds (1-3, 6, 9, 11-13) exhibited good linear regressions within the test ranges (R2 ≥ 0.9990) and magnoflorine and menisperine were the major constituents in the barks of P. olacoides. The contents of magnoflorine and menisperine accounted for 75.96% of all analytes. However, the content of phenolic components was smaller and the highest content was no more than 1.04 mg/g. Collectively, these results suggested that alkaloids are the dominant substances in P. olacoides, which can make a difference for the quality control and further use of P. olacoides.
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Alcaloides/análisis , Olacaceae/química , Extractos Vegetales/química , Plantas Medicinales/química , Aporfinas/análisis , Brasil , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Estructura Molecular , Fenoles/análisis , Serotonina/análisis , Análisis EspectralRESUMEN
Yucca GRAS-labelled saponins have been and are increasingly used in food/feed, pharmaceutical or cosmetic industries. Existing techniques presently used for Yucca steroidal saponin quantification remain either inaccurate and misleading or accurate but time consuming and cost prohibitive. The method reported here addresses all of the above challenges. HPLC/ELSD technique is an accurate and reliable method that yields results of appropriate repeatability and reproducibility. This method does not over- or under-estimate levels of steroidal saponins. HPLC/ELSD method does not require each and every pure standard of saponins, to quantify the group of steroidal saponins. The method is a time- and cost-effective technique that is suitable for routine industrial analyses. HPLC/ELSD methods yield a saponin fingerprints specific to the plant species. As the method is capable of distinguishing saponin profiles from taxonomically distant species, it can unravel plant adulteration issues.
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Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/métodos , Saponinas/análisis , Yucca/química , Análisis Costo-Beneficio , Extractos Vegetales/análisis , Dispersión de RadiaciónRESUMEN
The number of Americans older than 65 years old is projected to more than double in the next 40 years. Cognitive changes associated to aging can affect an adult's day-to-day functioning. Among these cognitive changes, reasoning, episodic memory, working memory, and processing speed decline gradually over time. Early memory changes include a decline in both working and episodic memory. The aim of the present study was to determine whether chronic (up to 75 days) daily administration of wild blueberry extract or a wild blueberry full spectrum powder would help prevent memory failure associated with aging in tasks involving various forms of memory. Both blueberry ingredients were used in a study comparing young mice (6 months old) to aged mice (18 months old). At this age, mice exhibit memory decline due to aging, which is exacerbated first by a loss in working and contextual (episodic-like) memory. Contextual memory (episodic-like memory) was evaluated using the contextual serial discrimination test. Working and spatial memory were evaluated using the Morris-Water maze test and the sequential alternation test. Statistical analysis was performed using an ANOVA with the Bonferroni post-hoc test. Supplementation with wild blueberry full spectrum powder and wild blueberry extract resulted in significant improvement of contextual memory, while untreated aged mice experienced a decline in such memory. Only the wild blueberry full spectrum powder significantly contributed to an improvement of spatial and working memory versus untreated aged mice. These improvements of cognitive performance may be related to brain oxidative status, acetylcholinesterase activity, neuroprotection, or attenuation of immunoreactivity.
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Envejecimiento/efectos de los fármacos , Arándanos Azules (Planta)/química , Memoria a Corto Plazo/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Animales , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BLRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and benign prostatic hyperplasia increase with age. To date, several medications are available to treat LUTS, including herbal remedies which offer less side effects but lack robust efficacy studies. METHODS: This 6-month, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study aimed at evaluating the dose effect of 250 or 500 mg cranberry powder (Flowens™) on LUTS and uroflowmetry in men over the age of 45. A total of 124 volunteers with PSA levels <2.5 ng/mL and an international prostate symptoms score (IPSS) score ≥8 were recruited and randomized. The primary outcome measure was the IPSS, evaluated at 3 and 6 months. Secondary outcome measures included quality of life, bladder volume (Vol), maximum urinary flow rate (Q max), average urinary flow rate (Q ave), ultrasound-estimated post-void residual urine volume (PVR), serum prostate-specific antigen, selenium, interleukin 6, and C-reactive protein at 6 months. RESULTS: After 6 months, subjects in both Flowens™ groups had a lower IPSS (-3.1 and -4.1 in the 250- and 500-mg groups, p = 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively) versus the placebo group (-1.5), and a dose-response effect was observed. There were significant differences in Q max, Q ave, PVR, and Vol in the Flowens™ 500-mg group versus baseline (p < 0.05). A dose-dependent effect on Vol was observed, as well as on PVR, for participants with a nonzero PVR. There was no effect on clinical chemistry or hematology markers. CONCLUSIONS: Flowens™ showed a clinically relevant, dose-dependent, and significant reduction in LUTS in men over 45.
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Frutas , Síntomas del Sistema Urinario Inferior/terapia , Fitoterapia/métodos , Hiperplasia Prostática/terapia , Micción/fisiología , Vaccinium macrocarpon , Método Doble Ciego , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Síntomas del Sistema Urinario Inferior/etiología , Síntomas del Sistema Urinario Inferior/fisiopatología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Polvos/uso terapéutico , Hiperplasia Prostática/complicaciones , Hiperplasia Prostática/fisiopatología , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
The bark, seeds, fruits and leaves of the genus Fraxinus (Oleaceae) which contain a wide range of phytochemicals, mostly secoiridoid glucosides, have been widely used in folk medicine against a number of ailments, yet little is known about the metabolism and uptake of the major Fraxinus components. The aim of this work was to advance in the knowledge on the bioavailability of the secoiridoids present in a Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl seed/fruit extract using both targeted and untargeted metabolomic analyses. Plasma and urine samples from nine healthy volunteers were taken at specific time intervals following the intake of the extract and analyzed by UPLC-ESI-QTOF. Predicted metabolites such as tyrosol and ligstroside-aglycone glucuronides and sulfates were detected at low intensity. These compounds reached peak plasma levels 2 h after the intake and exhibited high variability among the participants. The ligstroside-aglycone conjugates may be considered as potential biomarkers of the Fraxinus secoiridoids intake. Using the untargeted approach we additionally detected phenolic conjugates identified as ferulic acid and caffeic acid sulfates, as well as hydroxybenzyl and hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde sulfate derivatives which support further metabolism of the secoiridoids by phase I and (or) microbial enzymes. Overall, the results of this study suggest low uptake of intact secoiridoids from a Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl extract in healthy human volunteers and metabolic conversion by esterases, glycosidases, and phase II sulfo- and glucuronosyl transferases to form smaller conjugated derivatives.
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Fraxinus/química , Frutas/química , Glucósidos/sangre , Glucurónidos/sangre , Iridoides/sangre , Piranos/sangre , Semillas/química , Adulto , Disponibilidad Biológica , Biotransformación , Ácidos Cafeicos/aislamiento & purificación , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/métodos , Ácidos Cumáricos/aislamiento & purificación , Femenino , Glucósidos/orina , Glucurónidos/orina , Voluntarios Sanos , Humanos , Hidroxibenzoatos , Iridoides/orina , Masculino , Extractos Vegetales/administración & dosificación , Extractos Vegetales/química , Piranos/orina , Espectrometría de Masa por Láser de Matriz Asistida de Ionización Desorción/métodos , SulfatosRESUMEN
Research suggests that cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) helps maintain urinary tract health. Bacterial adhesion to the uroepithelium is the initial step in the progression to development of a urinary tract infection. The bacterial anti-adhesion activity of cranberry proanthocyanidins (PACs) has been demonstrated in vitro. Three different cranberry extracts were developed containing a standardized level of 36 mg of PACs. This randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled, ex vivo, acute study was designed to compare the anti-adhesion activity exhibited by human urine following consumption of three different cranberry extracts on uropathogenic P-fimbriated Escherichia coli in healthy men and women. All three cranberry extracts significantly increased anti-adhesion activity in urine. from 6 to 12 hours after intake of a single dose standardized to deliver 36 mg of PACs (as measured by the BL-DMAC method), versus placebo.
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Adhesión Bacteriana/efectos de los fármacos , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/prevención & control , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Infecciones Urinarias/prevención & control , Escherichia coli Uropatógena/efectos de los fármacos , Vaccinium macrocarpon , Método Doble Ciego , Voluntarios Sanos , Fitoterapia , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: A ginsenoside-rich extract of American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.), Cereboost(TM), was previously shown to improve working memory and mood in healthy young individuals. The present study represented a partial replication investigating whether these effects extended to healthy middle-aged individuals. METHODS: Fifty-two healthy volunteers (40-60 years old, mean age 51.63) received 200 mg of P. quinquefolius or a matching placebo according to a double-blind, placebo-controlled, balanced, crossover design. The Cognitive Drug Research battery and the Computerised Mental Performance Assessment System were used to evaluate cognitive performance at baseline then 1, 3 and 6 h following treatment. Blood glucose and mood were co-monitored. RESULTS: Compared with placebo, P. quinquefolius improved cognitive performance on 'Working Memory' factor at 3 h. Similar effects were observed in one of the two tasks making up this factor, spatial working memory. There were no significant effects on mood or blood glucose levels. CONCLUSIONS: These data confirm that P. quinquefolius can acutely benefit working memory and extend the age range of this effect to middle-aged individuals. These changes are unlikely to be underpinned by modulation of blood glucose in this population.
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Cognición/efectos de los fármacos , Memoria a Corto Plazo/efectos de los fármacos , Panax/química , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Adulto , Análisis de Varianza , Glucemia , Presión Sanguínea/efectos de los fármacos , Estudios Cruzados , Método Doble Ciego , Femenino , Frecuencia Cardíaca/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Masculino , Escala del Estado Mental , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pruebas Neuropsicológicas , Tiempo de Reacción/efectos de los fármacos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Carnosic acid (salvin), which possesses antioxidative and antimicrobial properties, is increasingly exploited within the food, nutritional health and cosmetics industries. Since its first extraction from a Salvia species (â¼70 years ago) and its identification (â¼50 years ago), numerous articles and patents (â¼400) have been published on specific food and medicinal applications of Rosmarinus and Salvia plant extracts abundant in carnosic acid. In contrast, relevant biochemical, physiological or molecular studies in planta have remained rare. In this overview, recent advances in understanding of carnosic acid distribution, biosynthesis, accumulation and role in planta, and its applications are summarised. We also discuss the deficiencies in our understanding of the relevant biochemical processes, and suggest the molecular targets of carnosic acid. Finally, future perspectives and studies related to its potential roles are highlighted.
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Abietanos/química , Abietanos/farmacología , Antiinfecciosos/química , Antiinfecciosos/farmacología , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Rosmarinus/química , Salvia/química , Abietanos/aislamiento & purificación , Animales , Antiinfecciosos/aislamiento & purificación , Antioxidantes/aislamiento & purificación , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Humanos , Ratones , Estructura Molecular , Hojas de la Planta/química , Ratas , Rosmarinus/clasificación , OvinosRESUMEN
From the roots of Lepidium meyenii Walpers (Brassicaceae) have been isolated and identified 2 flavonolignans, tricin 4'-O-[threo-ß-guaiacyl-(7â³-O-methyl)-glyceryl] ether (1) and tricin 4'-O-(erythro-ß-guaiacyl-glyceryl) ether (2), along with 11 other known compounds, tricin (3), pinoresinol (4), 4-hydroxycinnamic acid (5), guanosine (6), glucotropaeolin (7), desulfoglucotropaeolin (8), 3-hydroxybenzylisothiocyanate (9), malic acid benzoate (10), 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furfural (11), d-phenylalanine (12), and vanillic acid 4-O-ß-d-glucoside (13). Structures were elucidated on the basis of NMR and MS data. Some isolates and previously isolated lepidiline B (14) were tested for cytotoxicity in a small panel of human cancer cell lines (Hep G2, COLO 205, and HL-60) and for anti-inflammatory activities in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 macrophage. Among them, compounds 1 and 14 were modestly active for inhibiting nitrite production in macrophage. Compounds 1, 14, and 3 were demonstrated to be selectively active against HL-60 cells with IC50 values of 40.4, 52.0, and 52.1 µM, respectively.
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Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Flavonolignanos/farmacología , Lepidium/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Animales , Antiinflamatorios/química , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/química , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/farmacología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Flavonolignanos/química , Humanos , Macrófagos/efectos de los fármacos , Macrófagos/inmunología , Ratones , Extractos Vegetales/químicaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Carnosic acid (CA) and rosemary extracts (RE) show body-weight, energy metabolism and inflammation regulatory properties in animal models but the mechanisms are not yet understood. Gut microbiota plays an important role in the host metabolism and inflammatory status and is modulated by the diet. The aim of this research was to investigate whether a RE enriched in CA affected caecum microbiota composition and activity in a rat model of genetic obesity. METHODS AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: A RE (40% CA) was administered with the diet (0.5% w/w) to lean (fa/+) and obese (fa/fa) female Zucker rats for 64 days. Changes in the microbiota composition and ß-glucosidase activity in the caecum and in the levels of macronutrients and short chain fatty acids (SCFA) in feces were examined. The RE increased the Blautia coccoides and Bacteroides/Prevotella groups and reduced the Lactobacillus/Leuconostoc/Pediococccus group in both types of animals. Clostridium leptum was significantly decreased and Bifidobacterium increased only in the lean rats. ß-Glucosidase activity was significantly reduced and fecal fiber excretion increased in the two genotypes. The RE also increased the main SCFA excreted in the feces of the obese rats but decreased them in the lean rats reflecting important differences in the uptake and metabolism of these molecules between the two genotypes. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that the consumption of a RE enriched in CA modifies microbiota composition and decreases ß-glucosidase activity in the caecum of female Zucker rats while it increases fiber fecal elimination. These results may contribute to explain the body weight gain reducing effects of the RE. The mutated leptin receptor of the obese animals significantly affects the microbiota composition, the SCFA fecal excretion and the host response to the RE intake.
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Abietanos/química , Ciego/efectos de los fármacos , Ciego/microbiología , Extractos Vegetales/química , Rosmarinus/química , beta-Glucosidasa/antagonistas & inhibidores , Animales , Peso Corporal , Ciego/enzimología , Fibras de la Dieta/metabolismo , Ácidos Grasos Volátiles/metabolismo , Heces/química , Femenino , Inflamación , Obesidad/metabolismo , Tamaño de los Órganos , Ratas , Ratas Zucker , alfa-Amilasas/metabolismo , beta-Glucosidasa/metabolismoRESUMEN
SCOPE: Carnosic acid (CA) and rosemary extracts (REs) have antiobesity effects but the mechanisms are not understood. We investigated some of the potential mechanisms contributing to the metabolic effects of an RE enriched in CA. METHODS AND RESULTS: An RE (â¼40% CA) was administered to lean (Le, fa/+) and obese (Ob, fa/fa) female Zucker rats for 64 days. Several adipocytokines, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase, and hepatic gene expression changes were investigated. The RE significantly decreased circulating tumor necrosis factor alpha (RE/CT = 0.36, p < 0.0003), IL-1ß (0.48, p < 0.032), and leptin (0.48, p < 0.002), and upregulated adiponectin (1.47, p < 0.045) in the Le rats. The RE also induced phase I and phase II gene expression and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha. Notably, the RE decreased adipose phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase and did not affect hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha in the Ob rats. CONCLUSION: Our results show that an RE rich in CA exerts anti-inflammatory effects and affects hepatic metabolism in normal Le rats. We report significant differences in the expression and regulation of key metabolic sensors between Le and Ob rats that may contribute to explain the different ability of the two genotypes to respond to the RE.
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Abietanos/farmacología , Fármacos Antiobesidad/farmacología , Genotipo , Obesidad/tratamiento farmacológico , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Rosmarinus/química , Proteínas Quinasas Activadas por AMP/genética , Proteínas Quinasas Activadas por AMP/metabolismo , Adiponectina/genética , Adiponectina/metabolismo , Animales , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Factor Neurotrófico Derivado del Encéfalo/genética , Factor Neurotrófico Derivado del Encéfalo/metabolismo , Femenino , Interleucina-1beta/genética , Interleucina-1beta/metabolismo , Leptina/genética , Leptina/metabolismo , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/metabolismo , Coactivador 1-alfa del Receptor Activado por Proliferadores de Peroxisomas gamma , Ratas , Ratas Zucker , Factores de Transcripción/genética , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismo , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/genética , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Regulación hacia ArribaRESUMEN
Nuzhenide and GI3, the principal secoiridoids of an extract obtained from the seeds of Fraxinus excelsior L. (FXE), are believed to be the active compounds responsible for the previously reported hypoglycemic effects of this extract. In this study, the effects of FXE were studied in two animal models which are representative of metabolic disorders: spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and obese Zucker rats. SHR were acutely treated (oral gavage) with different doses of FXE. In addition, SHR and Zucker rats were chronically fed (20 or 5 weeks, respectively) with standard chow supplemented with FXE. Acute treatment with FXE (200 mg per kg body weight) decreased systolic blood pressure as in the case with captopril (50 mg per kg body weight). Chronic treatment with FXE at 100 mg per kg body weight per day, a dose equivalent to that showing hypoglycemic activity in humans, resulted in a significant decrease in glycemia (-16.3%), triglyceridemia (-33.4%) and body weight (-8.1%) in Zucker rats as well as a significant decrease in SBP in SHR (-6.7%), with a concomitant improvement in endothelial function in both strains. The broad-ranging effects of FXE may be due to a unique compositional profile that could be useful to prevent the metabolic syndrome, characterized by obesity, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, hypertriglyceridemia and elevated blood pressure.
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Fraxinus/química , Hipertensión/tratamiento farmacológico , Hipoglucemiantes/administración & dosificación , Obesidad/tratamiento farmacológico , Extractos Vegetales/administración & dosificación , Semillas/química , Animales , Glucemia/metabolismo , Presión Sanguínea/efectos de los fármacos , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Humanos , Hipertensión/metabolismo , Hipertensión/fisiopatología , Insulina/sangre , Masculino , Obesidad/metabolismo , Ratas , Ratas Endogámicas SHR , Ratas ZuckerRESUMEN
The pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruit has a long history of human consumption and possesses notable antioxidant and cardiovascular properties. This work evaluated the feasibility to provide a new functional beverage based on a dealcoholized red wine matrix supplemented by a pomegranate extract. The potential bioactive compounds in the pomegranate extract, punicalagin A and B and ellagic acid, were analyzed during the downstream process in order to evaluate the functional dose in the final beverage. The addition of pomegranate extract to the dealcoholized red wine resulted in a product with more intense yeast odor, acidity, yeast flavor, and astringency and with a less intense berry flavor. Consumer acceptance of the product was also investigated and the results revealed the existence of a niche of consumers willing to consume dealcoholized wine enriched with pomegranate extract. After tasting, 50% and 40% of those consumers initially interested by this product concept declared to be interested to purchase the control sample and the functional beverage, respectively. The daily consumption of two servings of 250 mL of this new pomegranate-enriched dealcoholized wine provides 82 mg of total ellagitannins, corresponding to the sum of punicalagin A and B and ellagic acid.
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Antioxidantes/análisis , Frutas/química , Taninos Hidrolizables/análisis , Lythraceae/química , Polifenoles/análisis , Gusto , Vino/análisis , Comportamiento del Consumidor , Ácido Elágico/análisis , Etanol/análisis , Alimentos Funcionales , Humanos , Fenoles/análisis , Extractos Vegetales/química , Vitis/químicaRESUMEN
The beneficial health effects of chlorogenic acids (CGAs), major components of coffee beans, are well known and have been attributed to multiple mechanisms of action. However, the lipolytic activity of CGAs does not appear to have been reported. We studied the effects of varying concentrations of Svetol®, a decaffeinated green coffee bean extract enriched in CGAs, on the liberation of free fatty acids from human adipocytes following short-term (2 h) and long-term (192 h) exposure. The results showed that although lipolytic activity observed following short-term incubation could be tentatively linked to residual caffeine traces in the sample, longer-term exposure clearly showed the effects of Svetol® on release of free fatty acids, and this effect was not due to caffeine. The results of this study provide a further mechanism by which to explain the long-term health benefits of CGAs and Svetol®.
Asunto(s)
Adipocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Ácido Clorogénico/farmacología , Café/química , Ácidos Grasos/metabolismo , Lipólisis/efectos de los fármacos , Adulto , Cafeína , Células Cultivadas , Femenino , HumanosRESUMEN
SCOPE: Carnosic acid (CA) and derived diterpenes abundant in rosemary extracts (REs) exert anti-obesity effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the bioavailability of these compounds in a rat model of obesity. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 26 compounds were tentatively identified based on accurate mass information and the isotopic pattern provided by TOF-MS analyzer. The main metabolites detected in the gut content, liver, and plasma were the glucuronide conjugates of CA, carnosol, and rosmanol. Two other metabolites were also identified: CA 12-methyl ether and 5,6,7,10-tetrahydro-7-hydroxyrosmariquinone. All the metabolites were detected as early as 25 min following oral administration. Most of the compounds remained in the intestine, liver, and (or) plasma at substantial concentrations for several hours supporting their potential health benefits in these tissues. We also corroborated the presence of small quantities of CA and detected trace quantities of the main CA metabolites in the brain. Notably, we did not find significant differences in the metabolic profile between lean and obese rats. CONCLUSION: We report for the first time a comprehensive profile of metabolites in various organs following the oral consumption of an RE enriched in CA and contribute to establish the potential bioactive molecules.
Asunto(s)
Encéfalo/efectos de los fármacos , Intestinos/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Metaboloma/efectos de los fármacos , Aceites Volátiles/química , Aceites Volátiles/farmacocinética , Abietanos/sangre , Abietanos/farmacocinética , Animales , Disponibilidad Biológica , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Cromatografía Liquida , Diterpenos/sangre , Diterpenos/farmacocinética , Femenino , Glucurónidos/metabolismo , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Hígado/metabolismo , Extractos Vegetales/sangre , Extractos Vegetales/farmacocinética , Ratas , Ratas Zucker , Rosmarinus/química , Espectrometría de Masas en TándemRESUMEN
A natural extract obtained from the seeds of Fraxinus excelsior L. (FraxiPure™) has been previously reported to reduce glycemia in animal models and in humans. The objective of this work was to evaluate the safety of FraxiPure™ at in vitro, in vivo and human levels. In addition, nutritional analyses revealed an extract high in carbohydrates, with minor levels of protein, dietary fiber, glucose and sucrose. IC(50) and IC(90) values of 1.447 and 2.530 mg/mL, respectively, after 72 h incubation were calculated using the MTT assay. FraxiPure™ conferred a magnitude of protection of 69.2% against the formation of micronuclei in irradiated human lymphocytes as determined by the micronucleus assay. An LD(50) of greater than 2500 mg/kg was concluded following an acute oral toxicity study in Sprague-Dawley rats. A human safety evaluation in a double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel study of 100 healthy volunteers revealed no significant differences between daily consumption of 1000 mg of FraxiPure™ for 90 days and placebo (maltodextrin) for any of the biochemical or hematological parameters studied. Numbers of adverse events were similar in both groups, and were deemed mild to moderate. These results demonstrate, for the first time, the safety and tolerability of FraxiPure™ for consumption in healthy subjects.