Do trace elements influence the course of newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus?

OBJECTIVE: The etiology of type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) is not fully understood. Some studies indicate an excess or deficiency of certain trace elements may affect glucose and insulin metabolism. This study aimed to assess the concentrations of trace elements in children with newly diagnosed DM1. The study group comprised 35 children aged 3-17 years (mean, 8.83±3.55 years). Serum concentrations of selenium, zinc, copper, and arsenic were determined at the time of diagnosis, after ~2 weeks (during insulin treatment), and after 6 months. No trace element deficiency was observed. Selenium levels were increased at all time points (77.61±14.03 µg/l; 70.42±11.04 µg/l; 75.79±12.89 µg/l). Arsenic levels were increased at the time of discharge (0.30±0.24 µg/l) and upon 6 months control visit (0.67±1.98 µg/l) for DM1. Copper levels were elevated at the time of diagnosis (1333±244 µg/l). No significant differences were observed in zinc concentrations between study and control group or between time points. Trace elements in the environment, especially selenium, may increase the incidence of DM1, although further research is required to confirm this association.

Vitamin D Supplementation Guidelines for General Population and Groups at Risk of Vitamin D Deficiency in Poland-Recommendations of the Polish Society of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes and the Expert Panel With Participation of National Specialist Consultants and Representatives of Scientific Societies-2018 Update.

INTRODUCTION: Vitamin D deficiency is an important public health problem worldwide. Vitamin D deficiency confers a significant risk for both skeletal and non-skeletal disorders and a number of lifelong negative health outcomes. The objectives of this evidence-based guidelines document are to provide health care professionals in Poland, an updated recommendation for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of vitamin D deficiency. METHODS: A systematic literature search examining the prevention and treatment strategies for vitamin D deficiency was conducted. Updated recommendations were developed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation system describing the strength of the recommendation and the quality of supporting evidence. Twenty-seven contributors representing different areas of expertise and medical specialties, including pediatricians, geriatricians, endocrinologists, epidemiologists, nephrologists, gynecologists and obstetricians evaluated the available published evidence related to vitamin D, formulated the goals of this document and developed a common consolidated position. The consensus group, representing six national specialist consultants and eight Polish and international scientific organizations/societies, participated in the process of grading evidence and drawing up the general and specific recommendations. RESULTS: The updated recommendations define the diagnostic criteria for the evaluation of vitamin D status and describe the prevention and treatment strategies of vitamin D deficiency in the general population and in groups at increased risk of the deficiency. Age- and weight-specific recommendations for prevention, supplementation and treatment of vitamin D deficiency are presented, and detailed practice guidance is discussed regarding the management in primary and specialized health care. CONCLUSION: Vitamin D deficiency remains still highly prevalent in Poland, in all age groups. Currently, there is a great necessity to implement a regular supplementation with recommended doses and to develop an effective strategy to alleviate vitamin D deficiency in the population. These updated recommendations are addressed to health professionals and the authorities pursuing comprehensive health policies and should also be included in public health programs aimed at preventing a broad spectrum of chronic diseases.

Nutritional therapy in paediatric intensive care units: a consensus statement of the Section of Paediatric Anaesthesia and Intensive Therapy the Polish Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Polish Society of Neonatology and Polish Society for.

Providing nutritional therapy via the gastrointestinal tract in patients in paediatric intensive care units (PICUs) is an effective method for delivering energy and other nutrients. In the event of contraindications to using this method, it is necessary to commence parenteral nutrition. In the present study, methods for nutritional treatments in critically ill children are presented, depending on the clinical situation.