A Spanish Society joint SECO and SEEDO approach to the Post-operative management of the patients undergoing surgery for obesity.

PURPOSE: Bariatric surgery is the method of choice for the management or treatment of obesity. Bariatric surgery brings about several physiological changes in the body and is associated with set of complications. The aim of this study is to provide guidelines on post bariatric surgery management based on consensus by the Spanish society for Obesity Surgery (Sociedad Española de Cirugía de la Obesidad) (SECO) and the Spanish Society for the Study of Obesity (Sociedad Española para el Estudio de la Obesidad) (SEEDO). METHOD: The boards proposed seven experts from each society. The experts provided the evidence and a grade of recommendation on the selected topics based on systematic reviews/meta-analysis. A list of clinical practical recommendations levels of evidence and grades of these recommendations was derived from the consensus statements from the members of these societies. RESULTS: Seventeen topics related to post-operative management were reviewed after bariatric surgery. The experts came with 47 recommendations and statements. The mean number of persons voting at each statement was 54 (range 36-76). CONCLUSION: In this consensus, we have designed a set of guidelines to be followed while managing patients after bariatric surgery. Expertise and knowledge of the clinicians are required to convey suitable considerations to the post-bariatric patients. There should also be extensive follow-up plans for the bariatric surgery patients.

Gentamycin inhibits the growth of Malassezia pachydermatis in culture.

BACKGROUND: Malassezia pachydermatis is a yeast of importance in both veterinary and human medicine. AIMS: To know if M. pachydermatis grow on mycological media with high concentrations of gentamycin. METHODS: Twenty M. pachydermatis strains were streaked on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar plates with different concentrations of gentamycin. RESULTS: All isolates were inhibited when high concentrations of gentamycin were added. CONCLUSIONS: The use of plates with high concentrations of gentamycin can lead to some important misdiagnoses: firstly, false-negative cultures, and secondly, an erroneous classification of M. pachydermatis as a lipid-dependent species. Moreover, all of this could be useful in two therapeutic fields: i) in animals, topical gentamycin could be an efficacious treatment for a disease such as external otitis in dogs; ii) in humans, we hypothesize that gentamycin could be regarded as a possible therapy ("antibiotic-lock") for catheter-associated Malassezia spp. infections.

Green tea reduces LDL oxidability and improves vascular function.

OBJECTIVE: Several different epidemiological studies have examined the association between the consumption of tea and coronary heart disease. Some, though not all, support the view that tea or flavonoids reduce the risk of cardiovascular heart disease. The aim of this study was to determine the short-to medium-term effect of a green tea extract on vascular function and lipid peroxidation as compared with placebo. METHODS: The study was undertaken with 14 healthy women, none of whom were receiving any medical treatment. Measurements were made of antibodies and immune complexes by ELISA, endothelial dependent vascular function by Doppler ultrasound, and the concentration of oxidized LDL by TBARS. RESULTS: The mean diameter of the brachial artery following the post-compression hyperaemia phase rose significantly (p < 0.0001) after treatment with green tea extract. Flow-mediated brachial artery vasodilation ranged from 5.68% for the placebo phase to 11.98% after the green tea extract (p = 0.02). The consumption of green tea extract was associated with a significant 37.4% reduction in the concentration of oxidized LDL (TBARS) (p = 0.017). The levels of anti-oxidized LDL IgM antibodies fell significantly after treatment (p = 0.002). CONCLUSION: This study found that consumption of green tea extract by women for five weeks produced modifications in vascular function and an important decrease in serum oxidizability.

Design and validation of a scale to assess preferences of type 2 diabetic patients towards different nutritional supplements.

OBJECTIVES: To design and validate a scale to evaluate preferences of type 2 diabetic patients towards nutritional supplements (Madrid scale) and to discover those taste attributes that are more discriminating. CONTEXT: ambulatory patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 18 controls and 106 type 2 diabetic patients received 2 of the 7 stimuli studied (6 nutritional supplements and a differential salty stimulus) and then completed both scales and a criterion question. Two weeks later, 30 diabetic patients received a retest. The psychometric properties of the Madrid scale were studied and the relative importance of each stimuli attribute was assessed. RESULTS: Feasibility: The Madrid scale consists of 8 questions and is completed in less than five minutes; Dimensionality: A single dimension which explains 45.1% of the variance. Reliability: Cronbach's , 0.806; intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.835 (95% confidence interval: 0.653-0.922). Concurrent validity: Correlation indexes of the corrected total score with the criterion question and the Modified Wine-Tasting Scale, 0.731 (p < 0.0005) and 0.774 (p < 0.0005), respectively. The scale discriminated between subjects younger and older than 75 years and between supplements and the differential stimulus. Preferences: Glucerna SR chocolate, Glucerna SR strawberry, Glucerna SR vanilla, Diasip vanilla, Clinutren vanilla and Resource diabet vanilla. CONCLUSION: The Madrid scale has adequate psychometric properties for its use in research and daily clinical practice.

Estrategia SEMERGEN, SEEDO y SEEN para la prevención y el tratamiento del sobrepeso y la obesidad en Atención Primaria / The strategy of the Spanish Society of Primary Care Physicians (SEMERGEN), the Spanish Society for the Study of Obesity (SEEDO) and the Spanish Society of Edocrinology and Nutrition (SEEN) for the prevention and treatment of excess weight and obesity in Primary Care

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[Nutritional implications of bariatric surgery on the gastrointestinal tract]. / Implicaciones nutricionales de la cirugía bariátrica sobre el tracto gastrointestinal.

Anatomical change in the anatomy of the gastrointestinal tract after bariatric surgery leads to modification of dietary patterns that have to be adapted to new physiological conditions, either related with the volume of intakes or the characteristics of the macro- and micronutrients to be administered. Restrictive diet after bariatric surgery (basically gastric bypass and restrictive procedures) is done at several steps. The first phase after surgery consists in the administration of clear liquids for 2-3 days, followed by completely low-fat and high-protein content (> 50-60 g/day) liquid diet for 2-4 weeks, normally by means of formula-diets. Soft or grinded diet including very soft protein-rich foods, such as egg, low-calories cheese, and lean meats such as chicken, cow, pork, or fish (red meats are not so well tolerated) is recommended 2-4 weeks after hospital discharge. Normal diet may be started within 8 weeks from surgery or even later. It is important to incorporate hyperproteic foods with each meal, such egg whites, lean meats, cheese or milk. All these indications should be done under the supervision of an expert nutrition professional to always advise the patients and adapting the diet to some special situations (nausea/vomiting, constipation, diarrhea, dumping syndrome, dehydration, food intolerances, overfeeding, etc.). The most frequent vitamin and mineral deficiencies in the different types of surgeries are reviewed, with a special focus on iron, vitamin B12, calcium, and vitamin D metabolism. It should not be forgotten that the aim of obesity surgery is making the patient loose weight and thus post-surgery diet is designed to achieve that goal although without forgetting the essential role that nutritional education has on the learning of new dietary habits contributing to maintain that weight loss over time.

Importancia clínica de la incompatibilidad ABO madre-hijo / The clinical significance of ABO blood group maternal-infant incompatibily

Objetivo. Conocer la prevalencia y significación clínica de la incompatibilidad madre-hijo de grupo sanguíneo ABO. Material y métodos. Estudio de cohorte de todos los neonatos vivos en nuestro Hospital durante 6 años. Descripción de su grupo sanguíneo ASO y cuantificación de las incompatibilidades materno-filiales. Análisis clínico y terapéutico de las incompatibilidades con aglutininas y test de Coombs directo positivos en sangre del niño. Resultados. De 10.829 neonatos vivos consecutivos, 4.970 (46 por ciento) eran del grupo A, 877 (8 por ciento) del grupo B, 401 (4 por ciento) del grupo AB y 4.575 (42 por ciento) del grupo O. En 2.206 (20 por ciento) existía posible incompatibilidad materno-filial y en 218, incompatibilidad con aglutininas y test de Coombs directo positivo en el niño (2 por ciento de los recién nacidos vivos y 10 por ciento de las incompatibilidades). De los 218 pudimos revisar la historia clínica de 217: el 57 por ciento presentó ictericia en algún momento de su presencia en nuestro hospital y el 31 recibió fototerapia; se trasfundieron 7 niños de los que 3 presentaban la incompatibilidad como única causa de su anemia; ninguno precisó exanguinotransfusión. No encontramos diferencias significativas en la expresión clínica entre los anti-A y los anti-B. Conclusión. La incompatibilidad de grupo sanguíneo ABO materno-filial es frecuente (20 por ciento de los recién nacidos vivos) pero su repercusión clínica y terapéutica es muy escasa (AU)