Effect of conjugated linoleic acid and vitamin E on glycemic control, body composition, and inflammatory markers in overweight type2 diabetics.

BACKGROUND: The healthy properties of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) such as weight loss, reducing cardiovascular risk factors and inflammation have been reported. The trans-10, cis-12 CLA isomer is related to increasing insulin resistance, but the effects of cis-9, trans-11 isomer is not clear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of CLA with and without Vitamin E on body weight, body composition, glycemic index, inflammatory and coagulation factors, lipid profile, serum leptin and adiponectin, malondialdehyde (MDA), and blood pressure in type2 diabetes. METHODS: 56 patients with type2 diabetes were included in 8 week double-blind control trial that used metformin. They randomly divided into three groups: CLA + VitE, CLA + VitE placebo, CLA placebo + VitE placebo. All variables, anthropometric measurements, and body composition were evaluated at the beginning and the end of study. Statistical analysis and analysis of dietary data were performed using SPSS and nutritionist IV software, respectively. RESULTS: There were not any significant differences in variable changes among three groups. However, there was a trend to increase in MDA and decrease in apoB100 among CLA consumers. CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that administration of CLA supplementation for 8 weeks does not affect any indicators of metabolic control in overweight type2 diabetic patients.

Effect of iron repletion and correction of iron deficiency on thyroid function in iron-deficient Iranian adolescent girls.

The aim of this study was to determine whether iron supplementation in iron-deficient adolescent girls would improve thyroid function. A double-blind clinical trial was performed in a region in southern I.R. Iran. A total of 103 iron deficient participants were chosen. In all, 94 participants successfully completed this study. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups and treated with a 300 mg ferrous sulfate 5 times/week (n = 47) and placebo 5 times/week (n = 47) for 12 weeks. Blood samples were collected and assayed for hemoglobin, hematocrit, serum ferritin, iron, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), total thyroxine (TT4), total triiodothyronine (TT3), free thyroid hormones (FT4 and FT3), triiodothyronine resin uptake (T3RU), reverse triiodothyronine (rT3), selenium and albumin concentrations. Statistical analysis was performed with parametric and non-parametric methods as appropriate. Data analysis revealed a significant increase in TT4, TT3, T3RU and a significant decrease in rT3 concentration in comparison to initial values in iron treated group (12%, p<0.001; 3.5%, p<0.001; 16%, p<0.05 and 47%, p<0.001, respectively). At 12 week there were significant differences between control and placebo in TT4, TT3, T3RU and rT3 concentrations (9.9 vs 8.4 microg dL(-1), 145.2 vs 130.4 microg dL(-1), 32.5 vs 28.4% and 23 vs 41 microg dL(-1), respectively, all p<0.001). Alterations in FT3 and TSH concentration were not significant, but concentration of FT4 revealed a significant difference between the beginning and the end of the study in iron treated group (10.3 vs 11.4, p<0.001). Iron supplementation improves some indices of thyroid function in iron-deficient adolescent girls.

The impact of vitamins and/or mineral supplementation on blood pressure in type 2 diabetes.

OBJECTIVE: The present study designed to assess the effect of Mg+Zn, vitamin C+E, and combination of these micronutrients on blood pressure in type 2 diabetic patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled clinical trial, 69 type 2 diabetic patients were randomly divided into four groups, each group receiving one of the following daily supplement for three months; group M: 200 mg Mg and 30 mg Zn (n = 16), group V: 200 mg vitamin C and 150 mg vitamin E (n = 18), group MV: minerals plus vitamins (n = 17), group P: placebo (n = 18). Blood pressure was measured at the beginning and at the end of the trial. Treatment effects were analyzed by general linear modeling. RESULTS: Results indicate that after three months of supplementation levels of systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressure decreased significantly in the MV group by 8 mmHg (122 +/- 16 vs. 130 +/- 19 mmHg), 6 mmHg (77 +/- 9 vs. 83 +/- 11 mmHg), and 7 mmHg (92 +/- 9 vs. 99 +/- 13 mmHg), respectively (p < 0.05). Also combination of vitamin and mineral supplementation had significantly effects in increasing serum potassium (p < 0.05) and in decreasing serum malondialdehyde (p < 0.05). There was no significant change in the levels of these parameters in the other three groups. CONCLUSION: The results of the present study indicated that in type 2 diabetic patients a combination of vitamins and minerals, rather than vitamin C and E or Mg and Zn, might decrease blood pressure.

The impact of vitamin and/or mineral supplementation on lipid profiles in type 2 diabetes.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present study was to assess the impact of Mg + Zn, Vitamins C + E, and combination of these micronutrients on serum lipid and lipoprotein profiles in type 2 diabetic patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled clinical trial, 69 type 2 diabetic patients were randomly divided into four groups, each group receiving one of the following daily supplement for 3 months; group M: 200 mg Mg and 30 mg Zn (n = 16), group V: 200mg Vitamin C and 150 mg Vitamin E (n = 18), group MV: minerals plus vitamins (n = 17), group P: placebo (n = 18). Fasting blood and urine samples were collected at the beginning and at the end of the trial. Serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) were measured enzymatically. Apolipoproteins (apo) A1 and B were measured by immunoturbidimetric method. Adjustment for differences in baselines covariates and changes in variables during study were performed by analysis of covariance using general linear models. RESULTS: Results indicate that after 3 months of supplementation mean serum levels of HDL-c and apo A1 increased significantly in the MV group by 24% (50.4 +/-19.3 mg/dl versus 40.6 +/- 10.8 mg/dl) and 8.8% (169.8 +/- 33.8 mg/dl versus 156.1+ /- 23.9 mg/dl), respectively (P < 0.01). There were no significant changes in the levels of these parameters in the other three groups. Serum levels of total cholesterol, LDL-c, triglyceride, and apo B were not altered after supplementation in all four groups. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that since co-supplementation of Mg, Zn, Vitamins C and E significantly increases HDL-c and apo A1, supplementation of these micronutrients could be recommended for the type 2 diabetic patients based on their daily requirements.