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Métodos Terapéuticos y Terapias MTCI
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1.
Rev. ciênc. farm. básica apl ; 41: [10], 01/01/2020.
Artículo en Inglés | LILACS | ID: biblio-1147075

RESUMEN

Herbal medicines have been studied as potential antimicrobial agents, emerging as treatments against oral diseases. The current study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of the crude extract and fractions of Mikania laevigata SchultzBip. ex Baker (ML) and Varronia curassavicaJacq (VC) against oral pathogens associated with persistent dental root infections, under planktonic and biofilm conditions. Minimal inhibitory concentrations and minimal bactericidal/fungicidal concentrations were determined for the ML and VC fractions/extracts against Enterococcus faecalis, Actinomyces israelii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans using the microdilution method. The best results were chosen for subsequent biofilm assays. All tested ML and VC extracts/fractions demonstrated inhibitory activity against E. faecalis and A. israelii. The ML ethyl acetate fraction affected the growth of all microorganisms tested. C. albicans and P. aeruginosawere not affected by any VC extract/fractions. The ML ethyl acetate fraction eliminated E. faecalis, A.israelii, and P. aeruginosa biofilms after 24h. A similar result was observed for ML crude hydroethanolic extract and its hexane fraction for A. israelii. The VC hexane fraction was able to eliminate A. israelli biofilms. None of the tested extracts or fractions eliminated C. albicans biofilm. The Mikania laevigata ethyl acetate fraction is an efficient antimicrobial agent against oral pathogens and could be indicated for the treatment of persistent dental infections.


Asunto(s)
Análisis de Mediación
2.
Immunobiology ; 219(8): 627-32, 2014 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24767421

RESUMEN

Schistosomiasis is a chronic disease caused by an intravascular trematode of the genus Schistosoma. Praziquantel is the drug used for treatment of schistosomiasis; nevertheless failure of treatment has been reported. Consequently, the identification of new effective schistosomicidal compounds is essential to ensure the effective control of schistosomiasis in the future. In this work we investigated the immunomodulatory and antiparasitic effects of the crude leaves extract of Mentha x piperita L. (peppermint) on murine Schistosomiasis mansoni. Female Balb/c mice were infected each with 50 S. mansoni cercariae and divided into three experimental groups: (I) untreated; (II) treated daily with M. x piperita L. (100mg/kg) and III) treated on 1/42/43 days post-infection with Praziquantel (500mg/kg). Another group with uninfected and untreated mice was used as a control. Subsequently, seven weeks post-infection, S. mansoni eggs were counted in the feces, liver and intestine. Worms were recovered by perfusion of the hepatic portal system and counted. Sera levels of IL-10, IL-5, IL-13, IFN-γ, IgG1, IgE and IgG2a were assayed by ELISA. Animals treated with a daily dose of M. x piperita L. showed increased sera levels of IL-10, IFN-γ, IgG2a and IgE. Besides, M. x piperita L. treatment promoted reduction in parasite burden by 35.2% and significant decrease in egg counts in the feces and intestine.


Asunto(s)
Intestinos/efectos de los fármacos , Mentha piperita , Extractos Vegetales/administración & dosificación , Schistosoma mansoni/inmunología , Esquistosomiasis mansoni/tratamiento farmacológico , Animales , Citocinas/sangre , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunoglobulinas/sangre , Intestinos/parasitología , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Recuento de Huevos de Parásitos , Hojas de la Planta , Praziquantel/administración & dosificación , Esquistosomiasis mansoni/inmunología , Esquistosomiasis mansoni/parasitología
3.
An Acad Bras Cienc ; 85(4): 1253-65, 2013.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24346792

RESUMEN

Casearia sylvestris Swartz (Salicaceae) has been used in traditional medicine and its leaf extracts have been exhibited important pharmacological activities. The species presents morphological, chemical and genetic variation. Two varieties are considered due external morphological differences: C. sylvestris var. sylvestris and var. lingua. There are difficulties in definition of these varieties. The objective of this work is to evaluate chemical and morpho-anatomical differences between C. sylvestris varieties that can be applied in their distinction for pharmaceutical or botanical purposes. Transverse and paradermic sections of leaves were prepared for morpho-anatomical, histochemical and quantitative microscopy (stomatal and palisade index) analyses. Diterpene profiles of the specimens were obtained by HPLC-DAD and TLC. Morpho-anatomical analyses demonstrated significant differences between the varieties only in paradermic sections: var. sylvestris--polygonal epidermic cell walls and hypostomatic; var. lingua--rounded epidermic cell walls and amphistomatic. No differences were observed for stomatal index; palisade index was found 2.8 for var. lingua and 3.9 for var. sylvestris. Chromatographic analyses confirmed previous results demonstrating that diterpene profile in varieties differs, with predominance of these metabolites in var. sylvestris. In conclusion, this work indicates that chromatographic analysis besides morpho-anatomical analysis can be applied in distinction of C. sylvestris varieties.


Asunto(s)
Casearia/anatomía & histología , Casearia/química , Extractos Vegetales/química , Plantas Medicinales/anatomía & histología , Plantas Medicinales/química , Casearia/clasificación , Cromatografía Liquida , Histocitoquímica , Plantas Medicinales/clasificación
4.
J Med Food ; 14(6): 557-62, 2011 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21554130

RESUMEN

The infections by protozoans of the genus Leishmania are a major worldwide health problem, with high endemicity in developing countries. The drugs of choice for the treatment of leishmaniasis are the pentavalent antimonials, which cause renal and cardiac toxicity. As part of a search for new drugs against leishmaniasis, we evaluated the in vitro Leishmania protease inhibition activity of extracts (hexanic, ethyl-acetate, and ethanolic) and fukugetin, a bioflavonoid purified from the ethyl-acetate extract of the pericarp of the fruit of Garcinia brasiliensis, a tree native to Brazilian forests. The isolated compound was characterized by using spectral analyses with nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectroscopy, ultraviolet, and infrared techniques. The ethyl-acetate extract and the compound fukugetin showed significant activity as inhibitors of Leishmania's proteases, with mean (±SD) IC(50) (50% inhibition concentration of protease activity) values of 15.0±1.3 µg/mL and 3.2±0.5 µM/mL, respectively, characterizing a bioguided assay. In addition, this isolated compound showed no activity against promastigote and amastigote forms of L. (L.) amazonensis and mammalian cells. These results suggest that fukugetin is a potent protease inhibitor of L. (L.) amazonensis and does not cause toxicity in mammalian or Leishmania cells in vitro. This study provides new perspectives on the development of novel drugs that have leishmanicidal activity obtained from natural products and that target the parasite's proteases.


Asunto(s)
Antiprotozoarios/farmacología , Garcinia/química , Leishmania/efectos de los fármacos , Leishmania/enzimología , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Inhibidores de Proteasas/farmacología , Proteínas Protozoarias/antagonistas & inhibidores , Animales , Brasil , Frutas/química , Humanos , Concentración 50 Inhibidora , Leishmaniasis/parasitología , Péptido Hidrolasas/metabolismo , Proteínas Protozoarias/metabolismo , Ratas
5.
ROBRAC ; 19(49)ago. 2010. tab, graf
Artículo en Portugués | LILACS | ID: lil-556306

RESUMEN

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana e o efeito citotóxico do óleo essencial (OE) de capim-limão (Cymbopogon citratus). A partir do método de difusão em ágar, diferentes concentrações de OE (0,1%; 0,2% e 1%), e soluções controle (clorexidina (Chx), água destilada (Ad) e álcool de cereais (Ac) foram aplicados sobre culturas de Candida albicans (C.a), Streptococos mutans (S.m), Streptococos sobrinus (S.sob) e Lactobacilus acidoflus (L.a). Para C.a, S.m e S.sob, os maiores halos de inibição, em ordem decrescente foram: Chx, Ac e óleo 1%, sendo os dois últimos semelhantes estatisticamente (Mann-Whitney, p>0,05). Para L.a, o maior halo de inibição foi observado para a Chx, seguido do óleo a 1%, 0,2%, 0,1% e Ac. Para avaliação da citotoxicidade foram determinados os seguintes grupos: OE a 0,1%; G2: OE puro; G3 (controle positivo): H2O2; G4: álcool de cereais (Ac); e G5 (controle negativo): meio de cultura (DMEM). As soluções foram aplicadas sobre cultura de células MDPC-23 (30.000 células/cm2) semeadas em placas de 24 wells. O metabolismo celular foi avaliado pelo teste do MTT. Considerando G5 como 100% de metabolismo celular, foi observado para os grupos G1, G2, G3, e G4 uma redução percentual no metabolismo das células de 29,6%; 82%; 81,2%; e 33,4%, respectivamente. Concluiu-se que o OE a 0,1% foi capaz de inibir o crescimento das cepas avaliadas e de causar discreta citotoxicidade sobre células odontoblastóides MDPC-23.


The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial and cytotoxic efect of essential oil (EO) of lemon grass (Cymbo-pogon citratus). From the agar difusion method, diferent concentrations of EO (0.135%, 0.2% and 1%), and control solutions (chlorhexidine (Chx), distilled water (Ad) and cereal alcohol (Ac)) were applied on cultures of Candida albicans (C.a), Streptococcus mutans (S.m), Streptococcus sobrinus (S.sob) and Lacto-bacillus acidophilus (L.a). For C.a, S.m and S.sob, the largest inhibition zones in descending order were: Chx, Ac and EO 1%, while the later two were statistically similar (Mann-Whitney, p> 0.05). For L.a, the largest inhibition halo was observed for the Chx, followed by EO at 1%, 0.2%, 0.135% and Ac. For evaluation of cytotoxicity, the following groups were set: G1: 0,1% EO; G2: pure EO; G3 (positive control): H2O2; G4: cereal alcohol; and G5 (negative control): culture medium - DMEM. The solutions were applied on the cultured MDPC-23 cells, which were plated (30,000 cells/cm2) in wells of 24 well-dishes. Cell metabolism was evaluated by MTT assay. Considering G5 (negative control) as 100% of cell metabolism, it was observed for G1, G2, G3 and G4 a percentage reduction in cell metabolism of 29.6%, 82%, 81.2% and 33.4%, respectively. It was concluded that the low concentration of 0,1% OE (C. citratus) was able to inhibit the growth of the strains tested as well as caused mild cytotoxicity to the cultured MDPC-23 cells.

6.
Rev. bras. farmacogn ; 17(1): 94-101, jan.-mar. 2007. tab, graf
Artículo en Portugués | LILACS | ID: lil-451571

RESUMEN

Considerando-se a qualidade dos fitoterápicos, é importante salientar que a preocupação com esta questão inclui rigoroso acompanhamento das diferentes etapas do desenvolvimento e produção destes produtos, desde a coleta do vegetal até a disponibilidade do produto final. Neste trabalho foi realizado o controle da qualidade do fruto de Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels, popularmente conhecido como jambolão. Para o controle físico-químico e microbiológico utilizaram-se metodologias farmacopéicas e não farmacopeicas. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que o fruto apresenta um teor de taninos de 4,2 por cento e a análise fitoquímica preliminar dos frutos de S. cumini evidenciou taninos, flavonóides, antocianidinas, iridóides, alcalóides e heterosídeos fenólicos simples. A análise microbiológica não apresentou crescimento de patógenos entre os outros testes realizados. Destaca-se a importância do estabelecimento de normas para o controle da qualidade para as plantas, a fim de que sejam utilizadas com finalidade fitoterápica.


Considering the quality of the phytotherapic agents, it is important to point out that the concern with this subject includes rigorous attendance of the different steps of the development and production of these products, from the collection of the vegetable to the availability of the final product. In this work the quality control of the Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels fruit, popularly known as jambolão, was carried out. Pharmacopoeic and no pharmacopoeic methodologies were employed to physico-chemical and microbiological quality control. The obtained results showed that the fruits presents a content of tannins of 4.2 percent, the preliminary phytochemical analysis of the S. cumini fruits evidenced tannins, flavonoids, antocianidin, iridoids, alkaloids and heterosides simple phenols. The microbiological analysis didnÆt present phatogenic growth among the other accomplished tests. The work stands out the importance of the establishment of norms for the quality control for the plants, so that they are used with phytotherapic purpose.


Asunto(s)
Plantas Medicinales , Control de Calidad , Syzygium
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