RESUMEN
Bioindicators have been widely used to assess the contamination of lead/zinc (Pb/Zn) in smelter areas, mining waste disposal areas and in areas containing slags from Pb ore smelting. In this context, the analysis involving microorganisms has gained prominence as a complementary tool in studies aimed at assessing contaminated sites. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the contamination of Pb, Zn and cadmium (Cd) in an area where a PbZn smelter operated, using the integration of geochemical and microbial data. The experimental analysis was conducted to characterize the soil collected at three different sites (samples NS, EW and EP). The analysis conducted was physicochemical, metal concentration, metal speciation and analysis of the microbial community through high-throughput sequencing technique. Through the results it was observed that the high concentrations of metals altered the bacterial community present in the soil. Differences were noted between the microbial communities according to the sampling site, especially in sample EP, collected at the margin of the dirt road, which presented higher metal concentrations and microbial diversity. The main phyla detected in the samples were: Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Acidobacteria. Bacteria tolerant to the presence of potentially toxic metals (PTM), such as Rhodoplanes, Kaistobacter, Sphingomonas and Flavisolibacter were identified in the analyzed samples. The phylogenetic groups identified in the study area are similar to those obtained in other studies in metal contaminated areas. The differences between the bacterial communities in each sample indicate that the concentration of PTM may have influenced the microbial community in the soil. Thus, it is noted the importance of the integration of geochemical and microbial data to evaluate the impact of the improper disposal of high PTM concentrated slags in natural soils.
Asunto(s)
Monitoreo del Ambiente , Plomo/análisis , Microbiología del Suelo , Contaminantes del Suelo/análisis , Zinc/análisis , Plomo/toxicidad , Microbiota , Minería , Contaminantes del Suelo/toxicidad , Zinc/toxicidadRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) often undergo various preoperative treatments to improve survival; however, their efficacy and safety remain unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The anti-tumour effects and adverse events were evaluated in 163 MIBC patients who received systemic chemotherapy (SC, n = 34), intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC, n = 50), or combined IAC and radiotherapy (IAC + R, n = 79). RESULTS: Pathological complete responses were observed in 17.6%, 22.0%, and 43.0% of patients in the SC, IAC, and IAC + R groups, respectively, with respective 5-year overall survival rates of 42.0%, 46.7%, and 50.3%. Multivariate analysis showed that successful IAC + R protocol administration was a significant predictor for survival (hazard ratio = 0.16, p = 0.028). The incidence of severe adverse events was higher in the IAC + R group (36.7%) than in the SC (9.8%) and IAC groups (16.0%). CONCLUSIONS: IAC + R was useful for patients with MIBC. Successful completion and optimal patient selection were important for this treatment strategy.
Asunto(s)
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Carcinoma de Células Transicionales/terapia , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/terapia , Vejiga Urinaria/patología , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Carboplatino/administración & dosificación , Carcinoma de Células Transicionales/patología , Quimioradioterapia , Quimioradioterapia Adyuvante , Quimioterapia Adyuvante , Cisplatino/administración & dosificación , Cistectomía , Femenino , Fluorouracilo/administración & dosificación , Humanos , Infusiones Intraarteriales , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Análisis Multivariante , Terapia Neoadyuvante/métodos , Invasividad Neoplásica , Tratamientos Conservadores del Órgano , Peplomicina/administración & dosificación , Pronóstico , Resultado del Tratamiento , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/patologíaRESUMEN
This study evaluated linear alkylbenzene sulfonate removal in an expanded granular sludge bed reactor with hydraulic retention times of 26 h and 32 h. Sludge bed and separator phase biomass were phylogenetically characterized (sequencing 16S rRNA) and quantified (most probable number) to determine the total anaerobic bacteria and methanogenic Archaea. The reactor was fed with a mineral medium supplemented with 14 mg l(-1)LAS, ethanol and methanol. The stage I-32 h consisted of biomass adaptation (without LAS influent) until reactor stability was achieved (COD removal >97%). In stage II-32 h, LAS removal was 74% due to factors such as dilution, degradation and adsorption. Higher HRT values increased the LAS removal (stage III: 26 h - 48% and stage IV: 32 h - 64%), probably due to increased contact time between the biomass and LAS. The clone libraries were different between samples from the sludge bed (Synergitetes and Proteobacteria) and the separator phase (Firmicutes and Proteobacteria) biomass.
Asunto(s)
Reactores Biológicos , Aguas del Alcantarillado , Tensoactivos/aislamiento & purificación , Aniones , Archaea/genética , Archaea/metabolismo , Bacterias Anaerobias/genética , Bacterias Anaerobias/metabolismo , Biomasa , Recuento de Colonia Microbiana , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genéticaRESUMEN
Transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) is widely used in the treatment of hepatic tumors. A total of 2,300 TAE procedures were performed with a 2-15-mL injection of a mixture or suspension of anticancer drugs and iodized oil, followed by administration of gelatin sponge particles. One or two chemotherapeutic drugs, including doxorubicin hydrochloride (10-30 mg), epirubicin hydrochloride (10-30 mg), mitomycin C (10-20 mg), and cisplatin (25-100 mg), were used for each procedure. Complications were encountered in 4.4% of cases (n = 102) and were related to the use of chemoembolic agents or the manipulation of a catheter or guide wire. These complications included acute hepatic failure (n = 6), liver infarction (n = 4) or abscess (n = 5), intrahepatic biloma (n = 20), multiple intrahepatic aneurysms (n = 6), cholecystitis (n = 7), splenic infarction (n = 2), gastrointestinal mucosal lesions (n = 5), pulmonary embolism or infarction (n = 4), tumor rupture (n = 1), variceal bleeding (n = 3), and iatrogenic dissection (n = 35) or perforation (n = 4) of the celiac artery and its branches. Knowledge of these complications is important for correct diagnosis and appropriate management.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos/efectos adversos , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/terapia , Embolización Terapéutica/efectos adversos , Esponja de Gelatina Absorbible/efectos adversos , Aceite Yodado/efectos adversos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/terapia , Angiografía , Antineoplásicos/administración & dosificación , Esponja de Gelatina Absorbible/administración & dosificación , Arteria Hepática , Humanos , Aceite Yodado/administración & dosificación , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos XRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To discuss the mechanism of multiple intrahepatic aneurysm formation after transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) performed in five patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: TAE was performed with gelatin sponge particles and iodized oil as embolic materials. Mitomycin C was also used in four cases. RESULTS: Three to 14 aneurysms 1-6 mm in diameter were found in third-to sixth-order branches of the hepatic arteries at repeat angiography performed 25-45 days after TAE. Follow-up angiograms in three cases revealed that most aneurysms were no longer apparent except in one patient in whom two aneurysms remained and were larger than before. In none of the five cases were any signs of aneurysm rupture noted. CONCLUSION: Radiologists should be aware of this complication of TAE. It is speculated that the main cause of aneurysm formation in these patients was the embolic agents used.
Asunto(s)
Aneurisma/etiología , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/terapia , Quimioembolización Terapéutica/efectos adversos , Arteria Hepática , Neoplasias Hepáticas/terapia , Mitomicina/administración & dosificación , Aneurisma/diagnóstico por imagen , Femenino , Esponja de Gelatina Absorbible/efectos adversos , Arteria Hepática/diagnóstico por imagen , Humanos , Aceite Yodado/efectos adversos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Radiografía , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
Seven smaller than 2 cm in diameter hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) undetectable by hepatic arteriography and computed tomography (CT) after intraarterial injection of iodized oil (Lipiodol CT) were diagnosed by ultrasonography-guided fine-needle biopsy in 6 patients. All lesions were treated by percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) in 1-3 weekly intervals. No recurrences have been demonstrated after 7-15 months. The treatment of HCCs undetectable by angiography and Lipiodol CT presents a problem as transcatheter arterial embolization is considered ineffective due to poor vascularity. PEI appears to be an excellent treatment for these small HCCs.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma Hepatocelular/terapia , Etanol/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/terapia , Anciano , Angiografía , Biopsia con Aguja , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/diagnóstico por imagen , Etanol/administración & dosificación , Femenino , Humanos , Aceite Yodado , Neoplasias Hepáticas/diagnóstico por imagen , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , UltrasonografíaAsunto(s)
Glucósidos/toxicidad , Glicósidos/toxicidad , Iridoides , Mutágenos , Extractos Vegetales/toxicidad , Piranos/toxicidad , Pironas/toxicidad , Animales , Biotransformación , Fenómenos Químicos , Química , Glucósidos/metabolismo , Glucósidos Iridoides , Pruebas de Mutagenicidad , Pironas/metabolismo , Ratas , Salmonella typhimurium/genéticaRESUMEN
Yield of methanolic extract of fresh roots of Ginseng harvested in winter was found to be more than two-fold grater than from roots collected in summer; this remarkable increase is mainly due to the large increase of sucrose in roots in winter. On the other hand, biologically active dammarane-saponins in the roots increase in summer. These results indicate that roots should be harvested in summer for the production of high quality Ginseng extracts.