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1.
Poult Sci ; 102(10): 102916, 2023 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37499613

RESUMEN

This study aimed to assess the influence of glycosaminoglycan (chondroitin and glucosamine sulfates) supplementation in the diet of broilers on the expression of matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) and metallopeptidase inhibitor 2 (TIMP-2) genes, the synthesis of proteoglycans, collagen type II and chondrocytes, bone and cartilage macroscopy, bone mineral densitometry, bone breaking strength and mineral profile. A completely randomized design was carried out in a 3 × 3 factorial scheme (3 levels of chondroitin sulfate: 0.00, 0.05, and 0.10%; and 3 levels of glucosamine sulfate: 0.00, 0.15, and 0.30%), totaling 9 treatments. At 21 and 42 d of age, broilers were slaughtered, and tibias and femurs were collected for evaluation. There was an interaction (P < 0.05) of sulfates for the expression of MMP-9 and its inhibitor TIMP-2 in femur articular cartilage, as well as for the number of chondrocytes, collagen type II and proteoglycans in tibia articular cartilage, bone and cartilage macroscopy and mineral profile (P < 0.05), with better results obtained with the inclusion of chondroitin and/or glucosamine sulfates in the feed. In conclusion, chondroitin and glucosamine sulfates can be used in broiler diets in order to favor the development of the structure of the locomotor system (bones and joints), thus preventing locomotion problems.


Asunto(s)
Cartílago Articular , Glicosaminoglicanos , Animales , Glicosaminoglicanos/metabolismo , Inhibidor Tisular de Metaloproteinasa-2/metabolismo , Inhibidor Tisular de Metaloproteinasa-2/farmacología , Pollos , Colágeno Tipo II/metabolismo , Colágeno Tipo II/farmacología , Metaloproteinasa 9 de la Matriz/metabolismo , Metaloproteinasa 9 de la Matriz/farmacología , Proteoglicanos/genética , Proteoglicanos/metabolismo , Sulfatos de Condroitina/metabolismo , Sulfatos de Condroitina/farmacología , Glucosamina/metabolismo , Glucosamina/farmacología , Minerales/metabolismo , Sulfatos/metabolismo
2.
Poult Sci ; 99(12): 6974-6982, 2020 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33248613

RESUMEN

This study aimed to assess the influence of glycosaminoglycan (chondroitin and glucosamine sulfates) supplementation in the diet on the performance and incidence of locomotor problems in broiler chickens. A completely randomized design was carried out in a 3 × 3 factorial scheme (3 levels of chondroitin sulfate -0, 0.05, and 0.10%; and 3 levels of glucosamine sulfate -0, 0.15, and 0.30%). Each treatment was composed of 6 replications of 30 broilers each. The performance of broilers (average weight, weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion, and productive viability) was assessed at 7, 21, 35, and 42 d of age, whereas the gait score, valgus and varus deviations, femoral degeneration, and tibial dyschondroplasia were assessed at 21 and 42 d of age. Increasing levels of glucosamine sulfate inclusion linearly increased the weight gain from 1 to 35 and from 1 to 42 d of age of broilers (P = 0.047 and P = 0.039, respectively), frequency of broilers with no femoral degeneration in the right and left femurs, and the proliferating cartilage area of proximal epiphysis at 42 d of age (P = 0.014, P < 0.0001, and P = 0.028, respectively). The increasing inclusion of chondroitin and glucosamine sulfates led to an increase in the frequency of broilers on the gait score scale 0 (P = 0.007 and P = 0.0001, respectively) and frequency of broilers with no valgus and varus deviations (P = 0.014 and P = 0.0002, respectively) also at 42 d of age. Thus, chondroitin and glucosamine sulfates can be used in the diet of broiler chickens to reduce their locomotor problems.


Asunto(s)
Pollos , Suplementos Dietéticos , Glicosaminoglicanos , Alimentación Animal/análisis , Fenómenos Fisiológicos Nutricionales de los Animales/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Desmineralización Ósea Patológica/prevención & control , Desmineralización Ósea Patológica/terapia , Desmineralización Ósea Patológica/veterinaria , Dieta/veterinaria , Glicosaminoglicanos/farmacología , Osteocondrodisplasias/prevención & control , Osteocondrodisplasias/terapia , Osteocondrodisplasias/veterinaria , Distribución Aleatoria
3.
Poult Sci ; 98(10): 4694-4704, 2019 Oct 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30982065

RESUMEN

The purpose of this study was to determine if in ovo feeding and rearing with glycosaminoglycans and vitamin C could influence bone and cartilage macroscopy, mineral composition, mineral density and surface area, bone breaking strength, and bone histology in broilers. Fertile eggs from breeders (Cobb) were either uninjected or injected with 4 µg of additive/100 µL water on day 4 of incubation. Every 100 g of in ovo additive contained 30 g of chondroitin sulfate, 30 g of glucosamine, and 5 g of vitamin C. After hatching, the chicks from both incubation treatments were submitted to additional treatments during the growth phase from 1 to 42 D of age (diet without and with 0.74 g of additive/kg of feed). Every 100 kg of feed contained 30 g of glucosamine sulfate, 24 g of chondroitin sulfate, and 20 g of vitamin C. A completely randomized factorial design (2 × 2) was applied. The data were submitted to variance analysis using the general linear model procedure of SAS (SAS Institute). In ovo feeding with 4 µg of additive plus dietary supplementation with 0.74 g of additive/kg of feed resulted in the highest cartilage weight of the femur proximal epiphysis in birds (P = 0.0098). The highest ash, phosphorus and calcium percentage, mineral density and mineral composition were identified for femur and tibia in the following treatments: in ovo feeding plus diet without additive during rearing, or uninjected eggs plus dietary supplementation during rearing. In ovo feeding with 4 µg of the additive reduced (P = 0.0008) the number of chondrocytes in the proximal epiphysis of the tibia cartilage and increased (P < 0.0001) the number of osteocytes in the tibia diaphysis of broilers. We conclude that in ovo feeding or dietary supplementation during broiler rearing with glycosaminoglycans (chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine sulfate) and vitamin C benefits the development of bird bones and cartilage, and may represent a solution to bone problems in broilers.


Asunto(s)
Ácido Ascórbico/metabolismo , Huesos/fisiología , Cartílago/fisiología , Pollos/fisiología , Glicosaminoglicanos/metabolismo , Vitaminas/metabolismo , Alimentación Animal/análisis , Animales , Ácido Ascórbico/administración & dosificación , Densidad Ósea , Huesos/anatomía & histología , Cartílago/anatomía & histología , Pollos/sangre , Pollos/crecimiento & desarrollo , Dieta/veterinaria , Suplementos Dietéticos/análisis , Glicosaminoglicanos/administración & dosificación , Masculino , Carne/análisis , Óvulo/efectos de los fármacos , Óvulo/fisiología , Distribución Aleatoria , Vitaminas/administración & dosificación
4.
Poult Sci ; 96(11): 4017-4025, 2017 Sep 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29050433

RESUMEN

Locomotion issues in broiler production may decrease performance (carcass yield and traits) and lead to high financial losses. This study evaluates the addition of glucosaminoglycans in broiler diets to minimize the lack of proper bone development and joint weakening. The experiment was conducted using 2,160 broilers randomly distributed in a factorial pattern (3 × 3) using 3 levels of glucosamine sulfate (0, 0.12, and 0.24%) and 3 levels of chondroitin sulfate addition (0, 0.08, and 0.16%). Eight repetitions were used for each treatment, distributed in 72 pens with 30 broilers each. There was a quadratic effect on feed conversion for broilers from 1 to 42 d old (P = 0.0123) for the addition of chondroitin, and better feed conversion was obtained by adding 0.08% of chondroitin. The relative tibia weight, the width of the proximal epiphysis and diaphysis presented a linear increased effect in broilers at 42 d old. An interaction was found between the amount of chondroitin × glucosamine and the number of chondrocytes in the proximal cartilage of the tibia (P = 0.0072). There was a quadratic effect of glucosamine levels (P = 0.0107) in the birds that had received the 0.16% addition of chondroitin, and the presence of 0.18% glucosamine increased the number chondrocytes in the cartilage of broilers. These results provide the first evidence that broilers may benefit from increased dietary chondroitin sulfate. These results indicate that the addition of glucosamine and chondroitin sulfates in broiler feed rations might alleviate leg conditions and decrease financial losses in the broiler industry.


Asunto(s)
Desarrollo Óseo/efectos de los fármacos , Cartílago/efectos de los fármacos , Pollos/crecimiento & desarrollo , Glicosaminoglicanos/metabolismo , Articulaciones/efectos de los fármacos , Alimentación Animal/análisis , Animales , Cartílago/crecimiento & desarrollo , Dieta/veterinaria , Suplementos Dietéticos/análisis , Glicosaminoglicanos/administración & dosificación , Articulaciones/crecimiento & desarrollo , Locomoción , Masculino , Distribución Aleatoria
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