Statistical optimization of media components for production of extracellular lipase from edible mushroom Cantharellus cibarius.

Cantharellus cibarius is a wild edible mushrooms and considered as a plethora of compounds with potential biotechnological applications. This study highlighted the utilization of C. cibarius mushroom in the production of extracellular lipase under submerged fermentation, representing the first report on lipase production by this mushroom. Various physicochemical factors were optimized via one-factor-at-a time (OFAT) method. Maximum enzyme production was recorded when the mushroom mycelium was grown at 30 °C on pH 6.0 for 96 h in the medium supplemented with 1% [(v/v)] olive oil. Productivity of enzyme was affected by variation in the nitrogen sources, carbon sources, metal ions and NaCl salt. Glucose and peptone significantly enhanced enzyme production as carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. Stimulatory and inhibitory effects were found by Ca2+ and Zn2+ ions, respectively. Furthermore, Box-Behnken Design (BBD) of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the interactive effects of specific media components like glucose, olive oil and CaCl2. The regression model was significant with a coefficient of determination (R2) value of 0.9483. Statistically optimized design (RSM) resulted approximately two-fold increase (23.5-42.283 UmL-1) of lipase production than classical optimization method (OFAT), confirmed the validation of model. The kinetic parameters for p-nitrophenyl palmitate hydrolysis, Km and Vmax were 5.24 mM and 0.768 mmol/min/mg respectively, established a high affinity for the substrate.

Anti-Angiogenic Effect of Cantharellus cibarius Extracts, its Correlation with Lipoxygenase Inhibition, and Role of the Bioactives Therein.

Angiogenesis is a complex physiological process that cannot be treated with single agent therapy. Several edible fungi have been known to encompass bioactive compounds, and are promising sources of multi-component drugs. One such widely consumed edible fungi is Cantharellus cibarius, which has been explored for its biological activities. The present study focused on assessing the anti-angiogenic activity of petroleum ether and ethanol extracts of C. cibarius using chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. Both the extracts showed a dose-dependent response which was compared with the anti-angiogenic activity of the positive controls silibinin, and lenalidomide. The extracts were also studied for their lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibitory potential and compared to ascorbic acid as the positive control. The IC50 values of the petroleum ether extract, ethanol extract, and ascorbic acid for LOX inhibition assay were 135.4, 113.1, and 41.5 µg/mL, respectively. Although both the extracts showed similar responses in CAM assay, ethanol extract proved to be more potent in LOX inhibition assay. Finally, the extracts were investigated for their chemical composition using GC-MS. A correlation between LOX inhibition and anti-angiogenic potential was established at the molecular level. A meticulous literature search was carried out to correlate the biochemical composition of the extracts to their anti-angiogenic activity.

Anti-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory activity of the summer truffle (Tuber aestivum Vittad.) extracts and a correlation with the chemical constituents identified therein.

Fungi are a huge source of unexplored bioactive compounds. Owing to their biological activities, several fungi have shown commercial application in the health industry. Tuber aestivum Vittad. is one such edible fungi with an immense scope for practical biological applications. In the present study, the anti-angiogenic activity of petroleum ether and ethanol extracts of T. aestivum was investigated using the chick chorioallantoic membrane assay and compared to the positive controls silibinin and lenalidomide. Both the extracts showed a dose-dependent anti-angiogenic response. The extracts were also assessed for their anti-inflammatory potential by lipoxygenase-inhibition assay. The IC50 values for LOX inhibition assay, computed by the Boltzmann plot, were 368.5, 147.3 and 40.2 µg/mL, for the petroleum ether extract, ethanol extract, and the positive control ascorbic acid, respectively. The ethanol extract of T. aestivum showed superior anti-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory activity than the petroleum ether extract. Compositional investigation of the extracts by GC-MS revealed the presence of various bioactive compounds. The compounds were correlated to their anti-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory activity based on a meticulous literature search.