[The prevalence of anemia among children and women of reproductive age in Kazakhstan and basis of its prevention].

Results of the study on the prevalence of anemia among women of reproductive age and children, residing in the various regions of Kazakhstan, are presented in the article. Representational sampling which takes into account the divisional principle of medical service of children population in each of the 14th areas, Astana and Almaty cities has been implemented. Research involved participation of 1303 women at the age of 15-49 years, and of 1318 children, 353 (26.8%) of whom were in the age of 6 up to 23 months, and 985 (73.2%) were in the age range of 24-59 months. 89 women were pregnant, which constituted 6.8%. The average hemoglobin level in the blood of pregnant women was 11.1 +/- 1.6 g/dL, which was significantly lower compared to that of non-pregnant women, for whom the figure was 12.1 +/- 1.6 g/dL. The average level of hemoglobin in the blood of children in the age range of 6-23 months was 10.7 +/- 1.4 g/dL, and was significantly lower than that of children in the age range of 24-59 months, for whom the figure was, in average, 11.5 +/- 1.4 g/dL (p < 0.05). The rate of prevalence of iron deficiency anemia among pregnant women was 43.8%, among non-pregnant women--39.0%, among children aged 6-59 months--35.2%. It was found that the prevalence of anemia was significantly higher in children aged 6-23 months (53.3%) compared with children aged 24-59 months (28.8%). As for degree of severity of anemia, mild form prevailed in all of the examined groups: children--53.6%, pregnant women--51.2% and non-pregnant--77.2%. Moderate anemia was mostly diagnosed in children in the age range of 6 to 23 months and in pregnant women (50.5 and 43.6% relatively). Comprehensive program of prevention and control of iron-deficiency anemia among children and women includes food fortification, supplementation of target groups with iron preparation and folic acid, food diversification, monitoring and evaluation of program execution, as well as training of medical students and medical staff with policies and strategies of struggle against iron-deficiency anemia.

[The use of a soy protein isolate in the diet therapy of patients with alimentary obesity]. / Primenenie belkovogo izoliata soi v dietoterapii bol'nykh alimentarnym ozhireniem.

Patients with alimentary obesity received a diet with 1/3 amount of protein substituted for soya protein isolate, daily, during 4 weeks. The influence of the dietotherapeutic course on protein, lipid metabolism, on bile acid and lipid composition of bile and on the immunologic state of the patients was studied. Blood and bile lipid content and the fraction of cholesterol esters were studied by thin-layer chromatography, lipid composition by disc electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel, protein fractions by paper electrophoresis; the immunologic state was studied by the blast-transformation test and immunoglobulin assay. It has been established that this diet influences the parameters studied: the levels of total lipids, cholesterol, phospholipids, lipoproteins of low and very low density are decreased, the content of high density lipoproteins is increased, the level of globulin fractions is normalized, and the content of total protein is reduced to the normal, bile acid and lipid composition of bile and the immunologic state are improved.

[Characteristics of maternal and child nutrition in relation to infant mortality in Kazakh SSR]. / Osobennesti pitaniia detei i ikh materei v sviazi s problemoi detskoi smertnosti v Kazakhstane.

Studies of actual nutrition patterns of women in pregnancy and lactation living in Kazakhstan regions with highest infant mortality rates showed significant deficiency of animal proteins, essential amino acids, and vitamins A, E and C. The prevalence of anemias amounted to 40-90% and that of hypogalactia to 32%. At the same time, the breast milk was found to have reduced protein and fat content at its high carbophos contamination. From 70 to 90% of cow milk samples were found to be contaminated with carbophos. Food products for children showed high levels of contamination with aflatoxin producing strains of micromyces. The priority tasks of nutritionists are to create of specialized therapeutic and prophylactic food products and breast milk substitutes.

[Effect of a phosphatidylcholine-enriched diet on the structural and functional parameters of rat liver microsomes]. / Vliianie diety, obogashchennoi fosfatidilkholinom, na strukturno-funktsional'nye parametry mikrosom pecheni krys.

The authors studied the influence of the diet enriched with phosphatidylcholine on the structural-functional parameters of microsomes: lipid peroxidation activity, the levels of cytochromes b5 and P-450, microviscosity of the lipid phase of the membrane. In experiments in vivo it was found that phosphatidylcholine per se, not combined with antioxidants, did not show antioxidant properties. Biological effects of lecithin could be explained by its role as a catalyst of the monooxygenase system in the liver, based on the correlation (r = +0.8) between the high level of cytochrome b5 and the degree of eximerization of the fluorescent probe pyrene in the microsomes.

[A multicomponent additive intended for preparing infant milk mixtures enriched with essential and protective factors]. / Mnogokomponentnaia dobavka, prednaznachennai dlia prigotovleniia detskikh molochnykh smesei, obogashchennykh éssentsial'nymi i zashchitnymi faktorami.

Hen eggs were used for the preparation of a multicomponent additive to milk mixtures for infants. Lysozyme hydrolysate containing up to 1 mg/ml lysozyme was obtained from egg albumen according to a specially developed technology. The hydrolysate was supplemented with vitamins C and PP. The egg yolk was used for the preparation of a yolk-fatty emulsion enriched with vitamin E, copper sulfate and ferrous lactate. Characteristics of the cow milk and milk mixtures supplemented with the multicomponent additive are maximally close to those of the human milk. The clinical trials of the lactic acid mixtures enriched with the multicomponent additive showed their high effectiveness in the nutrition of normal and sick infants. The technology of the additive production is simple; it is inexpensive and can be easily transported.

[Effect of protein and vitamin D deficiency on several indices of calcium metabolism]. / Vliianie nedostatochnosti belkov i vitamina D na nekotorye pokazateli obmena kal'tsiia

The effect of the proteins and vitamin "D" deficiency in the diet on the formation of the calcium-binding protein (CaBP), absorption of calcium in the small intestine and on the Ca and P content in blood serum of rats was studied. The resulting data demonstrate that hypovitaminosis "D" leads to a significantly reduced formation of CaBP, diminished absorption of tagged C35 in the small intestine and Ca and P level in the blood serum. The decline of these values is observed in cases of protein deficiency and with rising protein shortage these changes become more marked. A further fall of the CaBP level, of the labelled calcium absorption and of the serumal Ca and P is observed with simultaneous action on the organism of the proteins and vitamin "D" deficiency.