RESUMEN
To investigate the effects of dietary taurine supplementation on growth performance, antioxidant status, and lipid metabolism in broilers, 384 male broilers (Arbor Acres, 1 D of age) were randomly allocated into 4 groups with 8 replicates of 8 birds. Dietary treatments were supplemented with taurine at the level of 0.00, 2.50, 5.00, and 7.50 g/kg of the diet (denoted as CON, TAU1, TAU2, TAU3, respectively). The BW gain from 1 to 21 D and from 22 to 42 D were all increased linearly (linear, P < 0.001) by taurine supplementation. Throughout the trial period, the highest BW gain and favorable gain-to-feed ratio were observed in the TAU2 group. Taurine supplementation increased the antioxidant enzyme activities and decreased (linear, P < 0.001) the content of malondialdehyde in both serum and the liver of broilers and alleviated oxidative damage through enhancing (P < 0.05) the hepatic genes expression of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (NRF2), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Correspondingly, in serum, the activities of hepatic lipase and total lipase were decreased linearly and quadratically (linear and quadratic, P < 0.001) with the increasing inclusion of taurine in the diet. Meanwhile, in serum, the content of triglycerides was significantly decreased (P < 0.05), and except for TAU3, the total cholesterol content was also significantly decreased (P < 0.05) by taurine supplementation. In addition, the hepatic content of triglycerides was significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in the TAU1 and TAU2 groups. Compared with the CON group, the hepatic genes expression of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase alpha (AMPKα), silent 1, (SIRT1) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT-1) were all increased (P < 0.05), and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) expression was decreased (P < 0.05) in the TAU2 group. These results indicated that taurine supplementation improved the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and lipid metabolism of broilers.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes , Pollos , Suplementos Dietéticos , Crecimiento , Metabolismo de los Lípidos , Taurina , Alimentación Animal/análisis , Animales , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Pollos/crecimiento & desarrollo , Dieta/veterinaria , Enzimas/genética , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Crecimiento/efectos de los fármacos , Metabolismo de los Lípidos/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Distribución Aleatoria , Taurina/farmacologíaRESUMEN
AIM: After extended left colectomy, traditional colorectal anastomosis is often not feasible because of insufficient length of the remaining colon to perform a tension-free anastomosis. Total colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis could be an alternative but this can lead to unsatisfactory quality of life. Trans-mesenteric colorectal anastomosis or inverted right colonic transposition (the so-called Deloyers procedure) are two possible solutions for creating a tension-free colorectal anastomosis after extended left colectomy. Few studies have reported their results of these two techniques and mostly via laparotomy. The aim of this study was to describe the trans-mesenteric colorectal anastomosis and the inverted right colonic transposition procedure via a laparoscopic approach and report the outcome in a series of 13 consecutive patients. METHOD: This was retrospective chart review of laparoscopic colorectal surgery with trans-mesenteric colorectal anastomosis or the inverted right colonic transposition procedure from January 2015 up to 2019. An accompanying video demonstrates these two techniques. RESULTS: Thirteen consecutive patients underwent either a laparoscopic trans-mesenteric colorectal anastomosis (n = 9) or an inverted right colonic transposition procedure (n = 4). One patient had intra-operative presacral bleeding that was stopped successfully without conversion. Two patients had a postoperative intra-abdominal abscess, but no anastomotic complications were recorded. The median number of bowel movements per day after 6 months was 2 (range 2-5). CONCLUSIONS: Trans-mesenteric colorectal anastomosis or the inverted right colonic transposition procedure is feasible laparoscopically. The now well-established classical advantages of the laparoscopic approach are associated with good functional outcome after these procedures.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Colorrectales , Laparoscopía , Anastomosis Quirúrgica , Colectomía , Neoplasias Colorrectales/cirugía , Humanos , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/epidemiología , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/etiología , Calidad de Vida , Estudios Retrospectivos , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary bamboo leaf extract (BLE) on growth performance, meat quality, oxidative stability, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) related gene expression of breast meat in broilers. A total of 576 one-day-old male Arbor Acres broilers were divided into 6 groups. The control group (CTR) was fed basal diet, while BLE1, BLE2, BLE3, BLE4, and BLE5 were fed basal diet supplemented with 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, and 5.0 g BLE per kg feed, respectively. Compared with the CTR group, BLE2 and BLE5 increased average daily feed intake from 1 to 21 D and 22 to 42 D (P < 0.05), BLE1 and BLE2 improved average daily gain (ADG) and feed to gain ratio from 22 to 42 D (P < 0.05). Throughout the trial period, the highest body weight and favorable ADG and feed to gain ratio were observed in the BLE2 group. The drip loss at 24 h and pH at 45 min postmortem of breast meat were linearly improved by BLE supplementation (P < 0.05). Shear force was significantly lower in BLE2 and BLE3 than that in CTR group. Increasing supplementation of BLE linearly improved free radical scavenging capacity and decreased malondialdehyde content of breast meat during 12 D of storage (P < 0.05). Total antioxidant capacity and glutathione peroxidase activity were linearly increased by BLE supplementation (P < 0.05). Compared with the CTR group, the mRNA expression of Nrf2 and glutathione peroxidase in BLE3, BLE4, and BLE5 groups was significantly promoted, and glutathione S-transferase gene expression was increased in BLE2, BLE4, and BLE5 (P < 0.05). The highest (P < 0.05) heme oxygennase-1 gene expression was observed in BLE5. In conclusion, broiler supplemented with BLE improved growth performance and meat quality, BLE supplementation might activate Nrf2 pathway to alleviate lipid oxidation and increase antioxidant capacity of breast meat. The dosage of 2.0 to 3.0 g/kg BLE in broiler diet was recommanded.
Asunto(s)
Pollos/fisiología , Carne/análisis , Factor 2 Relacionado con NF-E2/metabolismo , Estrés Oxidativo , Extractos Vegetales/metabolismo , Poaceae/química , Alimentación Animal/análisis , Animales , Proteínas Aviares/metabolismo , Pollos/crecimiento & desarrollo , Dieta/veterinaria , Suplementos Dietéticos/análisis , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Masculino , Extractos Vegetales/administración & dosificación , Hojas de la Planta/química , Distribución AleatoriaRESUMEN
Organic selenium (Se) supplementation from Se-enriched yeast (SY) has been advocated and approved for use in animal feeds by some nutritionists and researchers rather than inorganic Se from sodium selenite. However, there is little available safety data of SY in laying hens. A subchronic study was conducted to determine if high-dose SY affects the safety of hens. A total of 768, 30-wk-old, Hy-Line Brown hens were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups (192 laying hens per group) with 6 replicates of 32 birds each. After a 2-wk acclimation period, the birds were fed diets supplemented with 0, 0.3, 1.5, or 3.0 mg/kg Se from SY for 12 wk. Throughout the study period, clinical observations and laying performance were measured. The hematological and chemical parameters of blood samples and the Se concentration in eggs were examined after SY supplementation for 4, 8, and 12 wk, and the egg quality was measured after 12 wk. At the end of the study, full post-mortem examinations were conducted: breast Se concentrations were measured, visceral, and reproductive organs were weighed, and specified tissues were collected for subsequent histological examinations. Although the Se concentrations in the eggs and breast meat from hens fed 3.0 mg/kg of Se from SY were 1036.73% and 2127.93% higher (P < 0.001) than those from hens fed a basal diet after 12 wk, no treatment-related changes of toxicological significance were observed. Therefore, up to 3 mg/kg organic Se from SY can be used to supplement the diets for laying hens without adverse effects following 84-d administration.
Asunto(s)
Alimentación Animal/análisis , Huevos/análisis , Carne/análisis , Compuestos de Organoselenio/farmacología , Fenómenos Fisiológicos Nutricionales de los Animales , Animales , Pollos , Dieta/veterinaria , Femenino , Tamaño de los Órganos , Compuestos de Organoselenio/administración & dosificación , Selenio/análisis , Levaduras/químicaRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to compare the dynamic change of egg selenium (Se) deposition after sodium selenite (SS) or selenium-enriched yeast (SY) supplementation for 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21, 28, 56, and 84 d. A total of 576 32-wk-old Hy-Line Brown laying hens were randomly assigned to 3 groups (192 laying hens per group) with 6 replicates, and fed a basal diet (without Se supplementation) or basal diets with 0.3 mg/kg of Se from SS or 0.3 mg/kg of Se from SY, respectively. The results showed that the Se concentrations in the eggs from hens fed a SY-supplemented diet were significantly higher (P < 0.001) than those from hens fed a SS-supplemented diet or a basal diet after 3 d. And the Se concentrations in the eggs from hens fed a SS-supplemented diet were significantly higher (P < 0.001) than those from hens fed a basal diet after 14 d. There was a positive linear and quadratic correlation between Se concentrations in the eggs from hens fed a SY-supplemented diet (r2 = 0.782, P < 0.001; r2 = 0.837, P < 0.001) or SS-supplemented diet (r2 = 0.355, P < 0.001; r2 = 0.413, P < 0.001) and number of feeding days. The Se concentrations in the breasts from hens fed a SY-supplemented diet were 126.98% higher (P < 0.001) than those from hens fed a SS-supplemented diet, and were 299.44% higher (P < 0.001) than those from hens fed a basal diet after the 84-d feeding period. In conclusion, the dietary Se was gradually transferred into eggs with the extension of the experimental duration. The deposition rate of Se in the eggs from hens fed a SY-supplemented diet was much more rapid than that from hens fed a SS-supplemented diet, and the organic Se from SY had higher bioavailability as compared to inorganic Se from SS.
Asunto(s)
Pollos/fisiología , Óvulo/química , Selenito de Sodio/metabolismo , Levadura Seca/metabolismo , Alimentación Animal/análisis , Animales , Dieta/veterinaria , Suplementos Dietéticos/análisis , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Femenino , Distribución Aleatoria , Selenio/análisis , Selenito de Sodio/administración & dosificación , Levadura Seca/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
Daidzein has become increasingly popular as a dietary supplement, particularly for postpeak-estrus animals, as a safe and natural alternative estrogen-like compound. However, there is little available safety data of daidzein in laying hens. A study was conducted to examine if high-dose daidzein affected the safety of hens, including mortality, laying performance, egg quality, hematological parameters, clinical chemical parameters, organ development parameters, and hatchability. A total of 2,448 42-wk-old Rugao laying hens were randomly assigned to 4 groups with 6 replicates of 102 birds each (612 laying hens per group). After a 2-wk acclimation period, the birds were fed diets supplemented with 0, 10, 100, or 200 mg/kg of daidzein for 12 wk. The hatchability of setting eggs increased linearly with increasing dietary daidzein supplementation (P = 0.034), while the hatchability of fertile eggs also tended to increase linearly (P = 0.069). The red cell distribution width (RCDW) and coefficient variation of RCDW showed an increasing and then decreasing quadratic response to increasing dietary daidzein supplementation (P = 0.001 and 0.002, respectively). No statistically significant changes were observed in mortality, laying performance, egg quality, clinical chemistry parameters, or organ development parameters (P > 0.05). The magnitude of these hematological changes was such that they were considered to be of no toxicological significance. Therefore, a nominal daidzein concentration of 200 mg/kg is not expected to cause adverse effects following daily administration to laying hens for 84 d.
Asunto(s)
Alimentación Animal/efectos adversos , Pollos/fisiología , Suplementos Dietéticos/efectos adversos , Isoflavonas/efectos adversos , Fitoestrógenos/efectos adversos , Alimentación Animal/análisis , Animales , Pollos/sangre , Pollos/crecimiento & desarrollo , Dieta/veterinaria , Suplementos Dietéticos/análisis , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Femenino , Isoflavonas/administración & dosificación , Óvulo/fisiología , Fitoestrógenos/administración & dosificación , Distribución Aleatoria , Reproducción/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Alkaloids from Rhizoma coptidis and flavonoids from Radix scutellariae were prepared in 2 separate units using a Xiexin multiple-unit drug delivery system (XXMU) to avoid the interactions that occur in the Xiexin decoction (XXD), which reduce oral bioavailability. Similarity factors (f 2 ) were calculated for the release of each component, and 4 equations were fitted to describe the release mechanism. In vivo pharmacokinetic studies were undertaken in rats to compare orally administered XXMU to a XXD powder suspension. No significant differences in the in vitro release properties of the 4 main components were observed between the individual pellets and the entire XXMU delivery system. The release mechanisms for coptisine, berberine, palmatine and baicalin from XXMU involved non-Fickian transport, non-Fickian transport, Fickian diffusion and zero-order release, respectively. The AUC(0-6 h), Cmax1(0-0.5 h) and Cmax3(2-6 h) values for berberine were significantly higher for XXMU than for XXD, but significant differences between the 2 dosage forms were not observed for pharmacokinetic parameters of baicalin. Interactions between flavonoids and alkaloids were reduced in XXMU, and the oral bioavailability of berberine was improved. The successful application of a multiple-unit drug delivery system may provide a method to improve the oral bioavailability of traditional Chinese medicines with multiple components.
Asunto(s)
Alcaloides/farmacocinética , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/farmacocinética , Flavonoides/farmacocinética , Alcaloides/química , Animales , Sistemas de Liberación de Medicamentos , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/química , Flavonoides/química , Masculino , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , SolubilidadRESUMEN
Two hundred and thirty-six novel human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles are described from volunteer donors of the China Marrow Donor Program: 71 HLA-A alleles, 79 HLA-B alleles, 43 HLA-C, 16 HLA-DRB1 alleles, 26 HLA-DQB1 and 1 HLA-DPB1. Two hundred and thirteen (90.3%) of the 236 novel alleles are single nucleotide substitution variants when compared with their most homologous allele. Seventy-eight of these single nucleotide variants are silent substitutions. The remaining novel alleles differ from their most similar allele by two to four nucleotide substitutions. Some of the novel alleles encode amino acid changes at positions not previously reported to be polymorphic, such as codons 57, 62, 67, 41 and 52 in HLA-A alleles; codons 133, 156, 201 and 215 in HLA-B alleles; codons 74, 208 and 225 in HLA-C; codons 25, 32 and 72 in HLA-DRB1; codons 20, 39 and 77 in HLA-DQB1.
Asunto(s)
Alelos , Sitios Genéticos/fisiología , Antígenos HLA-A/genética , Antígenos HLA-B/genética , Antígenos HLA-C/genética , Cadenas beta de HLA-DP/genética , Cadenas beta de HLA-DQ/genética , Cadenas HLA-DRB1/genética , Donantes de Tejidos , Sustitución de Aminoácidos , China , Codón/genética , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Programas Nacionales de Salud , Polimorfismo GenéticoRESUMEN
AIMS: The mismatch negativity (MMN) to frequency deviant tones has yielded conflicting results in patients with schizophrenia. This might be because Axis I schizophrenia overlaps with Axis II diagnoses such as paranoid or schizotypal personality disorders. This study was designed to address this issue. METHODS: We evaluated the auditory MMN to frequency deviance in 17 patients with paranoid, 15 schizotypal, and 16 antisocial personality disorders. These were compared to 25 healthy subjects. RESULTS: N1 to both deviant and standard tones was shorter in the paranoid group when compared to healthy controls. MMN latencies were shorter at Fz, Cz, and Pz in the paranoid group when compared to healthy controls, schizotypal, and antisocial groups. MMN amplitudes were higher at Fz and Cz in the schizotypal and antisocial groups when compared to healthy controls and the paranoid group. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with paranoid personality disorder had faster automatic detection of auditory stimuli and of their change, but normal inhibition of irrelevant stimuli. By contrast, patients with schizotypal and antisocial personality disorders had normal discrimination of the auditory stimuli, but might have a deficit in inhibition on irrelevant stimuli. Our results might help differentiate these personality types, and clarify some MMN findings in schizophrenia.
Asunto(s)
Trastorno de Personalidad Antisocial/psicología , Electroencefalografía , Potenciales Evocados Auditivos/fisiología , Esquizofrenia Paranoide/psicología , Trastorno de la Personalidad Esquizotípica/psicología , Estimulación Acústica , Adolescente , Adulto , Análisis de Varianza , Trastorno de Personalidad Antisocial/fisiopatología , Femenino , Lóbulo Frontal/fisiopatología , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Esquizofrenia Paranoide/fisiopatología , Trastorno de la Personalidad Esquizotípica/fisiopatología , Caracteres Sexuales , Lóbulo Temporal/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
The clinical and biological features of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with 11q23/MLL translocations are well known, but the characteristics of AML with partial tandem duplication of the MLL gene have not been explored comprehensively. In this study, MLL duplication was analyzed, in 81 AML patients without chromosomal abnormalities at 11q23, using Southern blotting, genomic DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR), reverse-transcription PCR and complementary DNA sequencing. Nine patients showed partial tandem duplication of the MLL gene, including eight (12%) of the 68 with normal karyotype. Seven patients showed fusion of exon 6/exon 2 (e6/e2), one, combination of differentially spliced transcripts e7/e2 and e6/e2, and the remaining one, combination of e8/e2 and e7/e2. Among the patients with normal karyotype, children aged 1 to 15 showed a trend to higher frequency of MLL duplication than other patients (2/5 or 40% vs 6/62 or 10%, P = 0.102). The patients with tandem duplication of the MLL gene had a significantly higher incidence of CD11b expression on leukemic cells than did those without in the subgroup of patients with normal karyotype (75% vs 28%, P = 0.017). There were no significant differences in the expression of lymphoid antigens or other myeloid antigens between the two groups of patients. In adults, the patients with MLL duplication had a shorter median survival time than those without (4.5 months vs 12 months, P = 0.036). In conclusion, partial tandem duplication of the MLL gene is associated with increased expression of CD11b on leukemic blasts and implicates poor prognosis in adult AML patients. The higher frequency of MLL duplication in children older than 1 year, than in other age groups, needs to be confirmed by further studies.
Asunto(s)
Cromosomas Humanos Par 11/genética , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/genética , Duplicación de Gen , Leucemia Mieloide/genética , Proto-Oncogenes , Factores de Transcripción , Enfermedad Aguda , Adolescente , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Antígenos de Neoplasias/análisis , Southern Blotting , Niño , Preescolar , Cromosomas Humanos Par 11/ultraestructura , ADN Complementario/genética , Exones/genética , Femenino , N-Metiltransferasa de Histona-Lisina , Humanos , Lactante , Cariotipificación , Leucemia Mieloide/clasificación , Leucemia Mieloide/mortalidad , Tablas de Vida , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Proteína de la Leucemia Mieloide-Linfoide , Fenotipo , Pronóstico , Empalme del ARN , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa , Análisis de Supervivencia , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
The KCl cotransporter (KCC) plays a significant role in the ionic and osmotic homeostasis of many cell types. Four KCC isoforms have been cloned. KCC1 and KCC4 activity is osmolality-sensitive and involved in volume regulation. KCC2, a neuronal-specific isoform, can lower intracellular Cl(-) and is critical for inhibitory GABA responses in the mature central nervous system. KCC3, initially cloned from vascular endothelial cells, is widely but not universally distributed and has an unknown physiological significance. Here we show a tight link between the expression and activity of KCC3 and cell growth by a NIH/3T3 fibroblast expression system. KCC3 activity is sensitive to [(dihydroindenyl)oxy] alkanoic acid (DIOA) and N-ethylmaleimide and is regulated by tyrosine phosphorylation. Osmotic swelling does not activate KCC3, and the process of regulatory volume decrease is refractory to DIOA, indicating that KCC3 is not involved in volume regulation. KCC3 expression enhances cell proliferation, and this growth advantage can be abolished by the inhibition of KCC3 by DIOA. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting measurements and Western blot analysis show DIOA caused a significant reduction of the cell fraction in proliferative phase and a change in phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein (Rb) and cdc2, suggesting that KCC3 activity is important for cell cycle progression. Insulin-like growth factor-1 up-regulates KCC3 expression and stimulates cell growth. Tumor necrotic factor-alpha down-regulates KCC3 expression and causes growth arrest. These data indicate that KCC3 is an important KCC isoform that may be involved in cell proliferation.
Asunto(s)
División Celular/fisiología , Simportadores/fisiología , Células 3T3 , Acetatos/farmacología , Animales , Secuencia de Bases , División Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Cloruros/metabolismo , ADN Complementario/genética , Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Indenos/farmacología , Factor I del Crecimiento Similar a la Insulina/farmacología , Transporte Iónico , Ratones , Potasio/metabolismo , Isoformas de Proteínas/fisiología , ARN Mensajero/genética , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Rubidio/metabolismo , Simportadores/genética , Transfección , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/farmacologíaRESUMEN
In an effort to identify novel therapeutic targets for autoimmunity and transplant rejection, we developed and performed a large-scale retroviral-based functional screen to select for proteins that inhibit antigen receptor-mediated activation of lymphocytes. In addition to known regulators of antigen receptor signaling, we identified a novel adaptor protein, SLAP-2 which shares 36% sequence similarity with the known Src-like adaptor protein, SLAP. Similar to SLAP, SLAP-2 is predominantly expressed in hematopoietic cells. Overexpression of SLAP-2 in B and T cell lines specifically impaired antigen receptor-mediated signaling events, including CD69 surface marker upregulation, nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) promoter activation and calcium influx. Signaling induced by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and ionomycin was not significantly reduced, suggesting SLAP-2 functions proximally in the antigen receptor signaling cascade. The SLAP-2 protein contains an NH2-terminal myristoylation consensus sequence and SH3 and SH2 Src homology domains, but lacks a tyrosine kinase domain. In antigen receptor-stimulated cells, SLAP-2 associated with several tyrosine phosphorylated proteins, including the ubiquitin ligase Cbl. Deletion of the COOH terminus of SLAP-2 blocked function and abrogated its association with Cbl. Mutation of the putative myristoylation site of SLAP-2 compromised its inhibitory activity and impaired its localization to the membrane compartment. Our identification of the negative regulator SLAP-2 demonstrates that a retroviral-based screening strategy may be an efficient way to identify and characterize the function of key components of many signal transduction systems.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas Adaptadoras Transductoras de Señales , Proteínas Nucleares , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas pp60(c-src)/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas pp60(c-src)/inmunología , Receptores de Antígenos de Linfocitos B/inmunología , Receptores de Antígenos de Linfocitos T/inmunología , Transducción de Señal/inmunología , Dominios Homologos src , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Antígenos CD/biosíntesis , Antígenos CD/genética , Antígenos CD/inmunología , Antígenos de Diferenciación de Linfocitos T/biosíntesis , Antígenos de Diferenciación de Linfocitos T/genética , Antígenos de Diferenciación de Linfocitos T/inmunología , Linfocitos B/citología , Linfocitos B/inmunología , Secuencia de Bases , Calcio/metabolismo , Línea Celular , Clonación Molecular , ADN Complementario , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/genética , Humanos , Células Jurkat , Lectinas Tipo C , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Ácido Mirístico/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción NFATC , Fosforilación , Regiones Promotoras Genéticas , Proteínas Tirosina Quinasas Receptoras/biosíntesis , Proteínas Tirosina Quinasas Receptoras/inmunología , Homología de Secuencia de Aminoácido , Tetraciclina/farmacología , Transactivadores , Factores de Transcripción/genética , Activación Transcripcional , Tirosina/metabolismoRESUMEN
1. The middle and small creeks in suburban Shanghai were under heavy eutropic condition, with high loadings of nitrogen, phosphorus and organic pollutants. KN, TP and CODCr of the surface water of them were several times greater than the critical values of Types V, the worst level of water. 2. Spatial variations of N and P pollution were observed, as the creeks in different places accepted different types and amounts of pollutants. Affected by domestic sewage, the creeks nearby residential areas were often heavily polluted by NH4+ and P. The creeks in agricultural fields were more easily polluted by NO3- than by NH4+ and phosphorus. The creeks nearby livestock farms often witnessed sudden soaring of NH4+ and P. 3. N and P loadings of the creeks were also affected by the seasonal evolvement of ecological environment. With the increase of temperature and biomass, NH4+ and NO3- in the surface water were largely consumed and decreased as a result; while organic N and particle P increased as the enhancement of suspending biological particles. NO2- in the surface water increased with temperature as nitrifying bacteria became active. Total P and water soluble P also showed the trend of enhancement with the intensification of biological activities, however, they were also controlled by the condition of pH and DO in the water. 4. At the height of the summer, the surface and bottom water of the creeks differed in N and P loadings. NH4+, soluble P and total reactive P in the bottom water were higher than those in the surface; while NO3- and NO2- in the surface were higher than those in the bottom. Such water-quality stratification inevitably resulted from the enhancement of phytoplankton in the surface water and intensified release of NH4+ and P from the sediments. In the autumn, as-the temperature decrease, such phenomenon declined gradually.
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Agua Dulce/análisis , Nitrógeno/análisis , Fósforo/análisis , Contaminantes del Agua/análisis , Contaminación Química del Agua/análisis , China , Estaciones del AñoRESUMEN
After injecting the injection of an extract of Ginkgo biloba, the cerebral blood flow of dogs wrer increased (P < 0.05-0.001). So were the back legs. And the cerebrovascular resistance was decreased (P < 0.05-0.001).
Asunto(s)
Circulación Cerebrovascular/efectos de los fármacos , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/farmacología , Ginkgo biloba/química , Miembro Posterior/irrigación sanguínea , Animales , Presión Sanguínea/efectos de los fármacos , Perros , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/administración & dosificación , Femenino , Frecuencia Cardíaca/efectos de los fármacos , Inyecciones Intravenosas , Masculino , Hojas de la Planta/química , Flujo Sanguíneo Regional/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
A dual-detection Gas chromatographic method for screening out abuse drugs is described. A single capillary separation column is connected to a nitrogen-phosphorus detection (NPD) and a flame ionization detection (FID) by an Y-connector. The ratio responded by NPD/FID is influenced by operational conditions. But the relative ratio is not influenced when carbetane is used as a reference. The ratio and the relative ratio can be used to screening abuse drugs.
Asunto(s)
Cromatografía de Gases/métodos , Detección de Abuso de Sustancias/métodos , Humanos , Nitrógeno , FósforoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To study the antioxidative effect of aqueous fraction of Boschniakia rossica(BR) extracted with methanol and fractionated with dichloromethane and water. METHOD: Serum activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD), malondialdehyde(MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) were investigated in rat with preneoplasia induced by Solt-Farber protocol under administration with BR extract for 6 weeks. RESULT: Serum activities of SOD and GSH-PX rose again in rats administered with BR extract, and the increase of GST activity and content of MDA due to hepatic preneoplasia was decreased by the extract of BR, thus the pathological changes of tissues and cells can be reduced. CONCLUSION: BR extract has antioxidative effect which may be a part of the antitumor mechanism of B. rossica.
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Antioxidantes/farmacología , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/farmacología , Neoplasias Hepáticas/sangre , Lesiones Precancerosas/sangre , Animales , Dietilnitrosamina , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/aislamiento & purificación , Glutatión Peroxidasa/sangre , Glutatión Transferasa/sangre , Neoplasias Hepáticas/inducido químicamente , Magnoliopsida/química , Masculino , Malondialdehído/sangre , Plantas Medicinales/química , Lesiones Precancerosas/inducido químicamente , Distribución Aleatoria , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Superóxido Dismutasa/sangreRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To observe the effects of acupuncture on the pituitary-thyroid axis in rabbits with fracture. METHOD: 36 male rabbits with a 3-mm width experimental defect in the middle segment of the left radius were randomly divided into the treatment group and control group, and the changes in serum T3, T4 and TSH contents in different weeks were investigated. RESULTS: Serum T3, T4 and TSH contents in the treatment group all were higher than those in the control group, with statistically significant differences in the contents of T4 and TSH in the second week and T3 content in the fourth week (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The action of promoting union of fracture is possibly related with the pituitary-thyroid axis.
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Electroacupuntura , Sistema Hipotálamo-Hipofisario/fisiopatología , Fracturas del Radio/terapia , Glándula Tiroides/fisiopatología , Animales , Masculino , Conejos , Fracturas del Radio/fisiopatología , Distribución Aleatoria , Tirotropina/sangre , Tiroxina/sangre , Triyodotironina/sangreRESUMEN
'Long-Life CiLi' ('CiLi') oral liquid, is composed of superoxide dismutase (SOD), polysacchairide, vitamin C, vitamin E and trace elements which were all extracted from a natural plant fruit Cili (Rosa roxburghii Tratt) in Guizhou, China. A set of indices were evaluated after administration of 'CiLi' 10 ml Bid, for two months in 50-75 years old healthy people, the mean value of NK cell activity (22.4 +/- 10.8-->27.5 +/- 12.9%, P < 0.05), SOD (453.0 +/- 24.2-->468.6 +/- 21.3 micrograms/gHb, P < 0.001), Catalase (15.5 +/- 1.7-->17.4 +/- 3.0 U/mgHb, P < 0.001) and GSH content (2.3 +/- 0.3-->2.6 +/- 0.5 mg/gHb, P < 0.001) in erythrocytes and 'delta CO, CI, SV, SI, LVET, LVETI and AC' values increased significantly, while the serum LPO level (4.20 +/- 0.78-->3.78 +/- 0.50 nmol/ml, P < 0.001), total microcirculation weighed value (1.87 +/- 1.0-->0.92 +/- 0.5, P < 0.001), delta PVR (-241.7 +/- 733.2-->187.9 +/- 938.2, P < 0.05) and the light reaction time (Simple RT, red light: 383 +/- 128-->332 +/- 68.9 ms, P < 0.05; selective RT: red light 709 +/- 287-->566 +/- 119 ms, P < 0.05; green light 639 +/- 162-->536 +/- 80 ms, P < 0.01) decreased significantly. There were no significant differences in the control group. The mean life span of fruit flies were significantly elongated for low, medium and high concentrations 'CiLi' treatment groups than in the control group (Female: 57.6 +/- 11.3-->62.1 +/- 12.8; 69.6 +/- 14.7; 62.6 +/- 12 days; P < 0.05 approximately 0.001. Male: 56.3 +/- 9.6-->64.9 +/- 12.4; 64.5 +/- 14.5; 64.8 +/- 14.1 days, P < 0.001). It is suggested that 'CiLi' has an aging retarding and geroprotection effect.
Asunto(s)
Envejecimiento/efectos de los fármacos , Longevidad/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Polisacáridos/uso terapéutico , Superóxido Dismutasa/uso terapéutico , Vitaminas/uso terapéutico , Anciano , Animales , Ácido Ascórbico/uso terapéutico , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Drosophila melanogaster/genética , Femenino , Radicales Libres , Humanos , Células Asesinas Naturales/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Microcirculación/efectos de los fármacos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Oligoelementos/uso terapéutico , Vitamina E/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY: The mechanism of valvular bioprostheses calcification is still unknown, but early studies showed increased Gla-protein content in calcified valves. Using an experimental model, which reproduces the clinical process, we therefore analyzed the role of minerals and proteins in bioprosthetic valvular calcification. METHODS: Glutaraldehyde pretreated porcine valves were studied before and after implantation in rats by X-ray, calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) measurement, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, SDS-PAGE and 45Ca ligand blotting of the extracted proteins. RESULTS: Before implantation, there was no X-ray calcification with very little Ca and P content. After implantation, X-ray calcifications appeared on day seven with increased Ca and P up to day 35 (p < 0.05, ANOVA). FTIR revealed structural proteins alone before implantation, plus minor proportions of lipids on day two, which always preceded Ca and P appearance. Ca and P increased up to day 35, first as amorphous and changed in carbapatite over time. SDS-PAGE before implantation revealed two proteins (66-kD and 54-kD) alone, which were sustained up to day 35. The 66-kD had 45Ca affinity. On day two, many other proteins appeared on SDS-PAGE, four of which (52, 45, 14 and below 14-kD) with 45Ca affinity. Protein pattern did not change from day two to 35. CONCLUSIONS: Valvular bioprosthesis calcification is associated with progressive increase in Ca and P content and at least five calcium-binding proteins: one intrinsic valvular protein, pre-existing to implantation, plus four other, extrinsic valvular proteins adsorbed within the tissue after implantation.
Asunto(s)
Bioprótesis , Calcinosis/patología , Proteínas de Unión al Calcio/análisis , Prótesis Valvulares Cardíacas , Animales , Calcio/análisis , Femenino , Masculino , Fósforo/análisis , Falla de Prótesis , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Propiedades de SuperficieRESUMEN
Calcium and gla-protein content are increased in the calcifications of cardiac bioprostheses. Such calcifications are more frequent during growth, pregnancy and renal failure when bone gla-protein levels are elevated. We investigated whether bone gla-protein and other markers of calcium metabolism play a role in bioprostheses calcifications. Forty-seven patients were separated into 2 groups according to the presence (group A, n = 9) or absence (group B, n = 38) of bioprostheses calcifications, as assessed by echo-doppler and surgery. Plasma levels of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, creatinine and alkaline phosphatases were measured by standard laboratory methods, parathormone and those of bone gla-protein by specific radioimmunoassays. Results (mean +/- SEM) were compared (group A versus group B, P < 0.01) using Student's test and one-factor variance analysis (ANOVA). Age was similar in both group (53 +/- 12.9 vs 50 +/- 12.3 yrs), whereas duration of implant was greater in group A (104 +/- 12.4 vs 66 +/- 6.5 months, P < 0.01). No statistically significant difference was found between group A and B concerning biochemical and/or hormonal markers of calcium metabolism. These negative results merit to be discussed, and further studies will be needed to explore the potential role of circulating bone gla-protein in bioprostheses calcifications.