RESUMEN
There is a growing recognition of the association between chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) and erectile dysfunction (ED); however, most of the reports are based on questionnaires which cannot distinguish between organic and functional ED. The purpose of this study was to determine the exact relationship between CP/CPPS and ED, and to investigate the changes in erectile organ structure and function in a rat model of CP/CPPS. We established a rat model of experimental autoimmune prostatitis (EAP), which is a valid model for CP/CPPS. Erectile function in EAP and normal rats was comparable after cavernous nerve electrostimulation. The serum testosterone and oestradiol levels, ultrastructure of the corpus cavernosum and expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and neuronal nitric oxide synthase in the two groups were similar; however, there was a decrease in smooth muscle-to-collagen ratio and alpha-smooth muscle actin expression and an increase in transforming growth factor-beta 1 expression was observed in EAP rats. Thus, organic ED may not exist in EAP rats. We speculate that ED complained by patients with CP/CPPS may be psychological, which could be caused by impairment in the quality of life; however, further studies are needed to fully understand the potential mechanisms underlying the penile fibrosis in EAP rats.
Asunto(s)
Dolor Crónico/fisiopatología , Disfunción Eréctil/fisiopatología , Dolor Pélvico/fisiopatología , Pene/fisiopatología , Prostatitis/fisiopatología , Actinas/metabolismo , Animales , Dolor Crónico/metabolismo , Dolor Crónico/patología , Colágeno/metabolismo , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Disfunción Eréctil/metabolismo , Disfunción Eréctil/patología , Estradiol/sangre , Masculino , Óxido Nítrico Sintasa de Tipo I/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico Sintasa de Tipo III/metabolismo , Dolor Pélvico/metabolismo , Dolor Pélvico/patología , Erección Peniana/fisiología , Pene/metabolismo , Pene/patología , Pene/ultraestructura , Prostatitis/metabolismo , Prostatitis/patología , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Testosterona/sangre , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta1/metabolismoRESUMEN
Walnut, Juglans regia L., is known for its insecticidal activities to a range of herbivores and microbes. Isolation and identification of bioactive compounds from walnut is a potential approach for the development of new pesticides. Laboratory experiments were carried out to investigate the acaricidal activities of green husk extracts of walnut. Bioassay-guided fractionation of petroleum-ether extracts of walnut led to the identification of a common plant-borne fatty acid ester, methyl palmitate (MP), which produced strong acaricidal activity (62.8% mortality) at 1 mg/ml at 24 h. The structure of MP was characterized with infrared spectrum and NMR, and the identification of MP confirmed using an authentic standard on high-performance liquid chromatography. Based on a slide dip bioassay, 10 mg/ml MP provided 97.9% mortality against adults of Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval) (Acari: Tetranychidae), whereas mortality against eggs was much lower (57.2%).
Asunto(s)
Insecticidas/aislamiento & purificación , Juglans/química , Palmitatos/aislamiento & purificación , Tetranychidae , Animales , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Extractos Vegetales/química , Espectrofotometría InfrarrojaRESUMEN
Four types of phosphorothioate antisense oligonucleotides for transforming growth factor-beta 2 were synthesized and tested for their antisense activity in U937 cells. The full-length phosphorothioate modified antisense analogues exhibited the highest inhibitory effects on the transforming growth factor-beta 2 expression in U937 cells.