Data mining in traditional Chinese medicine product quality review / 中国中药杂志

The traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) enterprises have accumulated a large amount of product quality review(PQR) data. Mining these data can reveal the hidden knowledge in production and helps improve pharmaceutical manufacturing technology. However, there are few studies involving the mining of PQR data and thus enterprises lack the guidance to analyze the data. This study proposed a method to mine the PQR data, which consisted of 4 functional modules: data collection and preprocessing, risk classification of variables, risk evaluation by batches, and the regression analysis of quality. Further, we carried out a case study of the formulation process of a TCM product to illustrate the method. In the case study, the data of 398 batches of products during 2019-2021 were collected, which contained 65 process variables. The risks of variables were classified according to the process performance index. The risk of each batch was analyzed through short-term and long-term evaluation, and the critical variables with the strongest impact on the product quality were identified by partial least square regression. The results showed that 1 variable and 13 batches were of high risk, and the critical process variable was the quality of the intermediates. The proposed method enables enterprises to comprehensively mine the PQR data and helps to enhance the process understanding and improve the quality control.

Research on an integrated community-based chronic disease management model driven by massive databases / 上海预防医学

China’s chronic disease management suffers from problems such as unclear institutional function， insufficient information technology application， and weak regulation support. On the basis of current chronic disease management condition in China， this paper proposes to apply the concept of “people-centered” integrated health management to community chronic disease management and discusses the content and procedure of establishing an integrated community-based chronic disease management model driven by massive databases. The model innovatively combines technology integration， data integration and service integration， and can accurately and efficiently realize the "people-centered" full-course health management of various chronic diseases. Shanghai has provided integrated community-based chronic disease management service for 1.98 million citizens through applying this model. The model warrants further effectiveness and economic evaluation. This study provides precious experience for the development of chronic disease prevention and treatment in China.

Effect of Guilu Erxiangao on Alzheimer's Disease and Its Mechanism Based on Kidney-brain Correlation / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect and mechanism of Guilu Erxiangao on Alzheimer's disease （AD） model rats induced by hydrocortisone and amyloid β-protein（Aβ） based on the theory of kidney-brain correlation. MethodIntraperitoneal injection of hydrocortisone and intracerebroventricular injection of Aβ were performed to induce AD in rats， and different concentrations of Guilu Erxiangao were used for intervention. The indexes of hippocampus， kidney and adrenal gland were measured， and the spatial learning and memory ability of AD rats was observed by Morris water maze experiment. The levels of testosterone （T） and corticosterone （CORT） in serum samples were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry （LC-MS） was used to collect and analyze the serum metabolic data of model rats. The active components and corresponding targets of Guilu Erxiangao were collected using Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform（TCMSP）， a Bioinformatics Analysis Tool for Molecular mechANism of Traditional Chinese Medicine （BATMAN-TCM） and Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Database（TCMID）. GeneCards and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man （OMIM） were retrieved to obtain AD-related targets， and protein-protein interaction （PPI） network was constructed to perform gene ontology （GO）and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） enrichment analysis. The expression level of interleukin-6 （IL-6） in the hippocampus of rats was detected by Western blot. ResultCompared with the model group， the low-， medium- and high-dose groups of Guilu Erxiangao exhibited significantly increased hippocampus index， kidney index and adrenal gland index， reduced CORT levels in serum and down-regulated IL-6 levels in hippocampal tissues. According to the results of water maze experiment， as compared with the model group， the platform crossing times of rats was significantly increased in the low- and high-dose groups of Guilu Erxiangao， with evidently prolonged distance traveled in quadrant Ⅲ （%） and time in quadrant Ⅲ （%）. A total of 24 serum differential metabolites associated with AD were identified by LC-MS， and 50 high-frequency common compounds and 187 high-frequency common targets for AD treatment were screened by network pharmacology method. Results demonstrated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases（PI3K）/protein kinase B（Akt） signaling pathway plays an important role in the complex AD pathological mechanism. ConclusionGuilu Erxiangao can significantly improve the cognitive dysfunction of AD model rats induced by hydrocortisone and Aβ， reduce serum CORT levels and IL-6 levels in hippocampal tissues， and regulate the metabolic level， which provides a reference for its clinical application.

Clinical Treatment of Insomnia with Syndrome of Qi Stagnation and Blood Stasis by Uyghur Medicine Yangxin Dawayimicol Honey Ointment / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Yangxin Dawayimicol honey ointment （YDHO） in the treatment of insomnia with the syndrome of Qi stagnation and blood stasis. MethodEighty insomnia patients who met the inclusion criteria in the Department of Encephalopathy of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine from November 2019 to October 2020 were randomly divided into an experimental group （48 cases） and a control group （32 cases）. The experimental group was treated with YDHO + Xuefu Zhuyu capsule simulators，and the control group was treated with Xuefu Zhuyu capsules + YDHO simulators for eight weeks. The changes in Pittsburgh sleep quality index（PSQI）score，traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome score，insomnia severity index （ISI），neurotransmitter indexes ［γ-aminobutyric acid（GABA），glutamic acid（Glu），and 5-hydroxy tryptamine（5-HT）］，serum inflammatory indexes ［interleukin-6（IL-6）and interleukin-10（IL-10）］， and safety index of the two groups were compared. ResultThe total effective rate was 97.83%（45/46） in the experimental group， higher than 68.75%（22/32） in the control group（Z=-4.292，P<0.01）. The experimental group was superior to the control group in PSQI score，ISI score，TCM syndrome score， and sleep duration（P<0.05）. The curative effects were equivalent between the two groups in shortening the time to fall asleep. The experimental group showed increased serum content of GABA，5-HT， and IL-10 and reduced content of Glu and IL-6，with few adverse reactions （P<0.05）. ConclusionYDHO is effective，safe， and reliable in the treatment of insomnia with Qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome.

Effect of wheat-grain moxibustion on the expression of 5-HT and cortisol in the serum, and MR and GR in the hippocampus in rats with hypothyroidism complicated with depression / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effect of wheat-grain moxibustion on behavior, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and cortisol in the serum, mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in the hippocampus in rats with hypothyroidism complicated with depression, and to explore the possible mechanism of wheat-grain moxibustion on improving depression in rats with hypothyroidism.@*METHODS@#A total of 32 SPF SD rats were randomly divided into a blank group, a model group, a medication group and a wheat-grain moxibustion group, 8 rats in each group. Except for the blank group, the rats in the remaining groups were treated with intragastric administration of 0.1% propylthiouracil (PTU) suspension at 1 mL/100 g, once a day for 4 weeks to establish the rat model of hypothyroidism, and whether the rats were accompanied with depression-like behavior determined through behavioristics evaluation. The rats in the medication group were intervened with euthyrox at 0.9 mL/100 g, once a day, for 4 weeks; the rats in the wheat-grain moxibustion group were treated with wheat-grain moxibustion at "Dazhui" (GV 14), "Mingmen" (GV 4), "Shenshu" (BL 23) and "Pishu" (BL 20), 7 cones each acupoint, once a day, six times a week for 4 weeks. After the intervention, the depression status was observed by behavioristics test; the contents of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), total thyroxine (TT4), 5-HT and cortisol in the serum were detected by ELISA; the protein expressions of MR and GR in hippocampus were detected by Western blot; the expressions of MR mRNA and GR mRNA in the hippocampus were detected by real-time PCR.@*RESULTS@#Before the intervention, compared with the blank group, the scores of open field test (OFT) were decreased and the immobility time of tail suspension test (TST) was prolonged (P<0.05); the serum TSH contents were increased and TT4 contents were decreased (P<0.01) in the other three groups. After the intervention, compared with the model group, the vertical score of OFT was increased and the immobility time of forced swimming test (FST) was prolonged in the medication group (P<0.05), while the scores of three items of OFT were increased (P<0.05, P<0.01), and the immobility time of FST and TST was shortened in the wheat-grain moxibustion group (P<0.01, P<0.05). Compared with the medication group, the immobility time of TST and FST in the wheat-grain moxibustion group was shorter (P<0.05, P<0.01). Compared with the blank group, in the model group, the contents of serum TSH and cortisol were increased (P<0.01, P<0.001), while the contents of serum TT4 and 5-HT were decreased (P<0.01, P<0.001). Compared with the model group, the contents of serum TT4 and 5-HT were increased, while the contents of serum TSH and cortisol were decreased in the medication group and wheat-grain moxibustion group (P<0.01, P<0.05). Compared with the blank group, the protein and mRNA expression of MR, GR in the hippocampus in the model group was decreased (P<0.01, P<0.05, P<0.001); compared with the model group, the protein and mRNA expression of MR in the hippocampus in the medication group were increased (P<0.05), and the protein expression of MR, GR and mRNA expression of MR in the hippocampus in the wheat-grain moxibustion group were increased (P<0.05, P<0.01). Compared with the medication group, the expression of MR mRNA in the wheat-grain moxibustion group was increased (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Wheat-grain moxibustion could significantly improve thyroid function and depression in rats with hypothyroidism. Its mechanism may be related to up-regulating the protein and mRNA expression of MR and GR in the hippocampus, and then affecting the expression of serum cortisol and 5-HT.

Effect of Banxia Xiexin Decoction on intestinal flora of mice with ulcerative colitis induced by dextran sodium sulfate / 中国中药杂志

The aim of this paper was to investigate the effect of Banxia Xiexin Decoction(BXD) on inflammatory factors and intestinal flora in a dextran sulfate sodium induced ulcerative colitis(DSS-UC) mouse model, and to explore the mechanism of BXD in treating ulcerative colitis from the perspective of flora disorder. Forty C57 BL/6 J mice were randomly divided into control group, model group and BXD group. A 2.5% DSS-induced ulcerative colitis model was established. On the 8 th day, normal saline, normal saline, and BXD were given daily for 14 days. After 14 days, HE staining was used to observe histopathological changes of the colon. Serum inflammatory factor content was detected by ELISA, and the change of intestinal flora in mice feces was detected by 16 S rRNA sequencing technology. Compared with control group, the colonic tissue of mice in model group was damaged seriously, and the contents of IL-6 and TNF-α in serum were significantly increased(P<0.05). Compared with model group, mice in BXD group had less colonic damage, and the contents of IL-6, TNF-α in serum were decreased significantly(P<0.05). After creation, the richness of Patescibacteria was increased significantly at the phylum level(P<0.05). At the same time, the richness of Faecalibaculum(P<0.01), norank_f_Muribaculaceae(P<0.01) were decreased significantly at the genus level, while the richness of Turicibacter(P<0.01), Romboutsia(P<0.01), Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1(P<0.01) were increased significantly. After the intervention with BXD, the content of Patescibacteria was significantly reduced at the phylum level(P<0.05), and the contents of Lactobacillus(P<0.01), Clostri-dium_sensu_stricto_1(P<0.01), Enterorhabdus(P<0.01), Candidatus_Saccharimonas(P<0.05), Eubacterium_fissicatena_group(P<0.05) were decreased significantly at the genus level, while the contents of Dubosiella, Bacteroides and Allobaculum were increased significantly. Therefore, BXD could significantly improve the symptoms of DSS-UC mice. It not only could reduce the contents of IL-6 and TNF-α, but also could reduce the richness of Patescibacteria at the phylum level, and those of Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Candidatus_Saccharimonas, Eubacterium_fissicatena_group at the genus level. Inaddition, BXD could increase the richness of Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium. It suggested that BXD could play a role in the treatment of ulcerative colitis partially through reducing inflammatory factors and regulating the structure of the gut microbiota.

Rehmanniae Radix and Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata improve diabetes induced by high-fat diet coupled with streptozotocin in mice through AMPK-mediated NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway / 中国中药杂志

This study investigated the differential mechanisms of Rehmanniae Radix and Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata in improving diabetes in mice through AMPK-mediated NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway. The diabetic mouse model was established with high-fat diet coupled with streptozotocin(STZ, intraperitoneal injection, 100 mg·kg~(-1), once a day for three consecutive days), after which the mice were randomly divided into model group, low-dose(5 g·kg~(-1)) and high-dose(15 g·kg~(-1)) Rehmanniae Radix groups, low-dose(5 g·kg~(-1)) and high-dose(15 g·kg~(-1)) Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata groups, catalpol group(250 mg·kg~(-1)), 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(5-HMF) group(250 mg·kg~(-1)), metformin group(250 mg·kg~(-1)), with the normal group also set. The organ indexes of heart,liver, spleen, lung, kidney and pancreas were calculated after four weeks of administration. The pathological changes and fibrosis of pancreas, kidney and liver in mice were observed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining and Masson staining. Western blot was used to determine the expression levels of Toll-like receptor-4(TLR4), nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB), Nod-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3),interleukin-1β(IL-1β), adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase(AMPK), phosphorylated AMPK(p-AMPK) in the pancreas, kidney and liver of mice. Compared with the model group, the administration groups witnessed significant decrease in the liver,spleen, kidney, pancreas and fat indexes of diabetic mice, and there was no significant difference in heart and lung indexes. The pathological states and fibrosis of pancreatic, kidney and liver tissues were significantly improved after administration. Additionally, the expression levels of TLR4, NF-κB and NLRP3 in pancreas, kidney and liver of diabetic mice were significantly lowered. The expression levels of p-AMPK/AMPK were enhanced significantly in kidney and liver of mice in Rehmanniae Radix group while in pancreas, kidney and liver in Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata group. This suggests that Rehmanniae Radix and Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata differ in the mechanism of regulating energy metabolism of multiple organs and thereby exerting anti-inflammatory effects to alleviate symptoms of diabetic mice.

Relationship Between Syndrome Elements and Therapy of Ischemic Stroke Based on Scale Hierarchy and Principal Component Analysis / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To study the distribution of ischemic stroke treatment with data mining technology and evaluate its clinical efficacy. Method:China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database（CNKI），China Science and Technology Reader's Digest Database（VIP），Wanfang Data，Chinese Biomedical Literature Database（Sino Med）were retrieved from January 1978 to December 2018. The clinical observation and study literatures on the treatment of ischemic stroke with the combination of traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine were retrieved in the four databases. After standardized and hierarchical collection and processing of all syndromes，treatment methods，prescriptions and other information in the literatures，a database of syndrome elements and treatment of ischemic stroke was established. Syndrome factors and treatment methods were analyzed by scale evaluation and hierarchical classification methods. Kendall's tau-b correlation analysis，principal component analysis and other statistical methods were used to describe the correlation and distribution of syndrome factors and treatment methods of ischemic stroke. Result:The results of heterogeneity analysis showed that the included literatures were homogeneous and could be combined with subsequent statistics. A total of 450 syndromes and treatment methods were included in this study，and 1 287 single syndrome elements and 1 562 single treatment methods were obtained after unified and standardized splitting. Besides the corresponding syndrome elements and treatment methods，phlegm-dampness-invigorating Qi（-0.52） and Qi deficiency-invigorating Qi（-0.56） were also highly correlated. The study team represented the importance of syndrome and treatment elements with class Ⅰ，Ⅱ，Ⅲ from high to low. Qi deficiency，blood stasis and fire heat，phlegm，viscera excess were class Ⅰ syndrome elements；Yin deficiency，endogenous wind were class Ⅱ syndrome elements；Yin deficiency and Yang deficiency were class Ⅲ syndrome elements；Removing phlegm dampness，clearing heat，clearing the hollow viscera and extinguishing wind，promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis，tonifying Qi were class Ⅰ treatment of ischemic stroke，and removing phlegm dampness，clearing heat，clearing the hollow viscera were more likely to appear simultaneously； and extinguishing wind，activating blood circulation and removing blood stasis，and benefiting Qi were more likely to appear simultaneously. Nourishing Yin and regulating Qi were class Ⅱ therapies of ischemic stroke，which were highly correlated and often appear simultaneously. Inducing resuscitation，tonifying Yang and dredging collaterals were class Ⅲ，Ⅳ，Ⅴ therapies. Conclusion:Qi deficiency，blood stasis，phlegm dampness，fire heat and viscera excess were the main syndromes of ischemic stroke，while Qi deficiency and blood stasis，phlegm heat and viscera excess were the main syndromes. Eliminating phlegm and dampness，clearing heat，clearing the hollow viscera，promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis，extinguishing wind and benefiting Qi were the main therapies for the treatment of ischemic stroke. In clinical treatment for ischemic stroke，the therapies for relieving phlegm and dampness，clearing heat and relieving organs are often used in combination，and the therapies for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis were often used in combination with the therapies for invigorating Qi and extinguishing wind for the synergistic effect.

Discussion on COPD Intestinal Dysfunction and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine / 中国实验方剂学杂志

In China， about 100 million people currently have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD）. At the same time， COPD is a multisystem disease， not only affecting the function of musculoskeletal， cardiovascular， kidney and immune systems in patients， but also causing intestinal dysfunction as its extrapulmonary manifestations. From the perspective of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， after COPD is formed， deficiency， phlegm stasis and toxicity were accumulated in the lungs， which leads to dysfunction of lung in dispersing and descending， and eventually causes ascending and descending disorder of Qi activities， disorder of fluid supply and distribution， and stagnation of blood stasis. The viscera disease would affect the bowels， and the large intestine is thus affected. Modern medical discovers that， the lungs and intestines have common origins and similar physiological structures， in pathological circumstances， their common mucosal immune system may lead to similar immune factors and inflammatory manifestations in the lungs and intestines. At the same time， the studies have confirmed that there is also a close relationship between intestinal flora and lung， that is "lung-gut axis". These theories partially illustrate the mechanism of COPD in inducing intestinal injury. The specific manifestations of COPD intestinal dysfunction， ① Flora disorder， with increased abundance of intestinal gram-negative bacilli， and inhibited reproduction of Bifidobacterium， Lactobacillus and short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria. ② Intestinal barrier damage： characterized by the destruction of intestinal epithelium tight connectivity， increased intestinal permeability， and thinning of the mucus layer. ③ Intestinal motility disorder： mostly manifested as weight loss and malnutrition. At present， for the intestinal dysfunction in COPD patients， most of the relevant discussions and targeted treatment methods in TCM are scattered and unsystematic. Guided by the idea of treating different diseases with the same treatment， we summarized the etiology and pathogenesis of COPD intestinal dysfunction by learning from the experience of TCM in treating intestinal flora disorders and inflammatory bowel disease， and proposed preliminary formulation with Tiaoqi Qushi，Tongfu Tongluo as its basic treatment principles in this paper， hoping to provide new ideas for the treatment of COPD.

Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Treating Late Onset Hyponatremia / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:The Meta-analysis was used to systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine in treating Late onset hyponatremia （late onset hyponatremia，LOH）. Method:Pubmed，Web of Science，China Knowledge Base Database （CNKI），Wanfang Database （WanFang），Weipu Full-text Periodical Database（VIP），Chinese Biomedical Literature Database （CBM）were retrieved to collect randomized controlled trials of traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） for treatment of LOH. Two researchers independently screened out the literatures， extracted the data， conducted quality assessment by Cochrance bias risk assessment tool，and made Meta-analysis by RevMan 5.3.5 software. Result:Nine eligible documents were finally included. Meta-analysis results showed that the test group was superior to the control group in improving patient's physical fitness/cardiovascular score ［mean deviation（MD）=-1.42，95% CI（-2.39，-0.45），<italic>P</italic>=0.004］ and psycho-psychological score［MD=-0.74，95% CI（-1.26，-0.22），<italic>P</italic>=0.005］，with no statistically significant difference between test group and control group in sexual function score ［MD=-0.68，95% CI（-1.38，-0.03），<italic>P</italic>=0.06］，serum testosterone （TT） concentration［MD=-0.68，95% CI（-1.38，-0.03），<italic>P</italic>=0.06］ and effective rate ［odds ratio（OR）=1.57，95% CI（0.64，3.88），<italic>P</italic>=0.33］. Conclusion:TCM is equivalent to western medicine（testosterone undecanoate）in the treatment of late onset hypogonadism， and better than western medicine in improving patients' physical fitness/cardiovascular score and mental and psychological score.

Russian Characteristic Medicinal Plant Resources Based on DNA Barcode Technology / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective::To investigate the distribution status of medicinal plants in the wild areas of Russian Caucasus and Altai, and clarify the types and efficacy information of medicinal plants in the area, so as to dig deep into new resources and new functions of medicinal plants in the countries along the Belt and Road. Method::Medicinal plants in the wild were searched and collected to make waxy specimens, and sent back to the country to extract the total DNA of the leaves of the leaves. Internal Transcribed Spacer(ITS)sequence universal primers were used for Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)amplification. The PCR products were sent for the two-way sequencing, and the sequencing results are spliced by software according to National Center for Biotechnology Information(NCBI). The same ITS sequence of the highest similarity species obtained by database BLAST was analyzed by DNAman software to identify the ITS sequence of the species and the ITS sequence of the same species. The MEGA 7 software was used as the phylogenetic tree, and the Kimura-2 parameter genetic distance was used to construct the neighbor joining(NJ) phylogenetic tree by the neighbor-joining method. The confidence of each branch of the development tree was tested by the bootstrap test method. A total of 2 000 cycles were performed, and the results were identified based on the clustering results. On this basis, the key medicinal plants in the Russian Caucasus and Altay wild areas were summarized and analyzed. Result::After BLAST alignment in NCBI database, the ITS sequences of each specimen were clustered with the login sequences on the NCBI database, which were separated from the outer group. The species classification of the specimens to be identified was determined by combining the characteristics of the specimens. A total of 51 plants were identified from the specimens collected in the field, covering 44 genera of 17 families, and 29 plants had clear efficacy records. The National Drug List of the Russian Federation and the Chinese Pharmacopoeia were retrieved to summarize commonly used medicinal plants in China and conclude that 20 kinds of Chinese and Russian common medicinal materials have different medicinal effects in local areas. This study has a reference significance for expanding the scope and clinical experience of traditional Chinese medicines, and provides a basis for strengthened local species conservation, development and utilization of wild medicinal plant resources.

Network Pharmacology Research of Wuzi Yanzongwan in Treatment of Male Infertility / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:Exploring the material basis and mechanism of Wuzi Yanzongwan in the treatment of male infertility based on network pharmacology. Method:Traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform(TCMSP) was used to screen the active ingredients and targets in Wuzi Yanzongwan. GeneCards, OMIM and PharmGkb databases were used to screen the targets of male infertility. R language software was used to screen common targets of drugs and diseases, Pharmaceutical active ingredients-disease target interaction network was constructed by using Cytoscape software. The common target protein interaction network (PPI) was constructed by STRING platform, the gene ontology(GO) analysis of common target was analyzed by ClueGo plug-in, and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG) pathway was enriched by R language software. Result:A total of 72 active ingredients were obtained from Wuzi Yanzongwan, and 35 possible targets for the treatment of male infertility were obtained. These targets are mainly involved in biological processes such as oxidation and antioxidant activity, and are mainly concentrated in phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B(PI3K/Akt) and hypoxia inducible factor-1(HIF-1) signaling pathways. Conclusion:The network pharmacology confirmed the multi-component, multi-target and multi-pathway action characteristics of Wuzi Yanzongwan, predicted the possible mechanism of Wuzi Yanzongwan in the treatment of male infertility, and provided theoretical basis for further study of its active ingredients and mechanism.

Research progress of pesticide residues in traditional Chinese medicines / 中国中药杂志

The residue of the pesticides is closely related to the quality and safety of traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs) and has attracted widespread attention at home and abroad.This article analyzed the current status of pesticide residues in TCMs by summarizing the research results of recent years.At the same time,the methods for the detection of pesticide residues in TCMs were summarized,and the domestic and foreign pesticide residue limit standards for TCMs were compared,intending to provide reference and basis for the detection and control of pesticide residues in TCMs.

The role of enteral nutritional support in treatment of chronic heart failure patients / 中国中西医结合急救杂志

Objective To investigate the role of enteral nutrition (EN) support in the treatment of patients with chronic heart failure. Methods Ninety patients with chronic heart failure (conform to the New York Heart Association (NYHA) cardiac function class Ⅲ-Ⅳ) admitted to Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Cardiology Care Unit (CCU) and Emergency ICU (EICU) of Taizhou First People's Hospital from January 2015 to September 2017 were enrolled, and according to different nutritional methods, they were divided into a control group (rational autonomous diet group) and an observation group (Ruineng enteral nutritional emulsion for EN group), each group 45 cases. Based on the calculation (Harris-Benedict) of individual total energy consumption the control group had a reasonable autonomous diet and Ruineng EN emulsion for EN group. The chang of various nutrition indexes [including body mass index (BMI), serum total protein (TP), albumin (Alb), hemoglobin (Hb), vitamin B12, folic acid, serum iron], inflammatory factors [tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6)], and the level of cardiac function index (LVEF) before and after treatment were observed. Results ① Before treatment, vitamin B12 in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (ng/L: 153.3±54.6 vs. 113.4±80.2, P < 0.05), there were no statistical significant differences in other indicators between the two groups (all P > 0.05). ② After treatment, compared with those before treatment, the nutritional indicators and LVEF of both groups were higher, and inflammatory factors were lower, there were statistical significant differences in the other indicators before and after treatment except Hb and IL-6 in the control group and serum iron in the observation group [the control group: BMI (kg/m2) was 20.9±1.8 vs. 19.9±1.2, TP (g/L) was 66.0±2.4 vs. 63.7±1.6, Alb (g/L) was 34.4±3.5 vs. 31.1±2.3, vitamin B12 (ng/L) was 149.5±79.2 vs. 113.4±80.2, folic acid (nmol/L) was 10.0±1.7 vs. 4.6±3.2, serum iron (μmol/L) was 16.5±13.7 vs. 10.4±7.5, TNF-α (ng/L) was 23.8±10.0 vs. 28.3±8.6, LVEF was 0.35±0.14 vs 0.32±0.04; observation group: BMI (kg/m2) was 21.5±1.4 vs. 20.2±1.4, TP (g/L) was 66.5±2.8 vs. 64.3±2.2, Alb (g/L) was 35.8±3.1 vs. 33.3±1.9, Hb (g/L) was 121.4±13.8 vs. 112.9±12.0, vitamin B12 (ng/L) was 201.1±98.6 vs. 153.3±54.6, folic acid (nmol/L) was 15.7±14.4 vs. 8.8±2.8, TNF-α (ng/L) was 20.5±6.3 vs. 25.8±3.0, IL-6 (ng/L) was 209.4±6.5 vs. 220.9±16.9, LVEF was 0.38±0.07 vs. 0.33±0.02, all P < 0.05]. ③ Before and after treatment, the changes of BMI, Hb, vitamin B12, folic acid and IL-6 in the observation group were more significant than those in the control group [BMI (kg/m2): 1.4±0.9 vs. 1.1±0.3, Hb (g/L): 8.6±1.2 vs. 2.7±0.9, vitamin B12 (ng/L): 47.1±1.0 vs. 36.2±0.9, folic acid (nmol/L): 6.8±1.8 vs. 5.5±1.8, IL-6 (ng/L):-10.8±2.3 vs. -1.6±1.0, all P < 0.05]. After treatment, the degree of increase of serum iron in the control group was more significant than that in the observation group (μmol/L: 6.2±0.8 vs. 1.4±0.9, P <0.05), there were no significant differences in the degrees of improvement in TP, Alb and TNF-α between the two groups (all P > 0.05). ④ The difference value of each indicator before and after treatment of the two groups of patients with cardiac grade Ⅲ was more significant than that in the patients with cardiac grade Ⅳ, among the indicators in the control group, Hb, serum iron and IL-6 showed statistical significant differences [Hb (g/L): 3.05±0.42 vs. 2.47±0.84, serum iron (μmol/L): 6.81±0.91 vs. 5.95±1.82, IL-6 (ng/L): -3.87±0.45 vs. -0.53±0.28, all P < 0.05], while in the observation group of patients with cardiac grade Ⅲ and Ⅳ, Alb, Hb, serum iron, IL-6 appeared statistical significant differences [Alb (g/L): 3.41±0.38 vs. 2.27±0.91, Hb (g/L): 9.83±1.44 vs. 8.10±0.98, serum iron (μmol/L): 2.23±0.34 vs. 1.04±0.88, IL-6 (ng/L):-14.11±0.42 vs. -9.45±1.01, all P < 0.05]. Conclusion In the treatment of patients with chronic cardiac failure, simultaneously EN support is given energetically, that can improve the nutrition status of organism, reduce inflammatory reaction and enhance cardiac function; the therapeutic effect of Ruineng EN support is remarkably better than that of the autonomous diet support.

3'-Methoxydaidzein exerts analgesic activity by inhibiting voltage-gated sodium channels / 中国天然药物

Isoflavones are widely consumed by people around the world in the form of soy products, dietary supplements and drugs. Many isoflavones or related crude extracts have been reported to exert pain-relief activities, but the mechanism remains unclear. Voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) play important roles in excitability of pain sensing neurons and many of them are important nociceptors. Here, we report that several isoflavones including 3'-methoxydaidzein (3MOD), genistein (GEN) and daidzein (DAI) show abilities to block VGSCs and thus to attenuate chemicals and heat induced acute pain or chronic constriction injury (CCI) induced pain hypersensitivity in mice. Especially, 3MOD shows strong analgesic potential without inducing addiction through inhibiting subtypes Na1.7, Na1.8 and Na1.3 with the IC of 181 ± 14, 397 ± 26, and 505 ± 46 nmol·L, respectively, providing a promising compound or parent structure for the treatment of pain pathologies. This study reveals a pain-alleviating mechanism of dietary isoflavones and may provide a convenient avenue to alleviate pain.

New octadecanoid derivatives from the seeds of Ipomoea nil / 中国天然药物

Four new octadecanoid derivatives (1-4) including a pair of enantiomers (1/2), along with 12 known analogues (5-16), were isolatedfrom the seeds of Ipomoea nil. Their structures were determined by detailed spectroscopic analyses and comparison with reported data of structurally related compounds, with the absolute configurations of 1 and 2 being assigned by an in situ dimolybdenum ECD method. Our bioassays revealed that these isolates did not show ABTS radical scavenging activity while 10 and 13 displayed better α-glucosidase inhibitory activity than the positive control acarbose (IC 167.7 ± 1.55 μmol·L), with IC of 92.73 ± 3.12 and 11.39 ± 2.18μmol·L, respectively.

Association between health literacy with health seeking behavior in undergraduate students in Shandong / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand relationship between health literacy and health seeking behavior of undergraduate students in Shandong Province.@*Methods@#A total of 1 460 undergraduate students from three universities in Shandong Province were selected through stratified random sampling method and received a questionnaire survey. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, Chi-square test and regression analysis.@*Results@#The proportion of students with basic health literacy was 64.4% (41.37±10.34). The proportion of students with basic knowledge and concept, healthy lifestyle and behavior, and basic skills was 49.6% (16.28±4.58), 70.3% (17.24±4.99) and 83.7% (7.85±1.58), respectively. About 28.1% of undergraduate students reported delay in seeking medical treatment, 71.9% reported prompt in seeking medical treatment, and 24.2% preferred to seek medical treatment in primary medical institutions, 45.5% secondary hospital and 30.3% tertiary hospital. Grade, major, the ability to gather and understand health information was the main factors affecting health literacy. Major and health information screening ability was the main factors affecting health seeking behavior. Grade, major, origin, the awareness and gathering of health information was the main factors affecting the choose of medical institutions(P<0.05). Basic knowledge and concept, basic skills and health literacy was positively correlated with the timing of health seeking behavior, while basic knowledge and concept, healthy lifestyle and behavior, and basic skills might give information on students’ preference on selecting a medical institution.@*Conclusion@#Attention should be paid to the cultivation of health information literacy. An integrated health education and health promotion model of "family-community-hospital-university" should be established.

Stored autologous blood transfusion does not increase recurrence of prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy: A preliminary study / 中华男科学杂志

Objective@#To analyze the association of stored autologous blood transfusion (SABT) with tumor recurrence in PCa patients after radical prostatectomy and explore the application of SABT in this surgical procedure.@*METHODS@#Forty-five PCa patients underwent radical prostatectomy in our hospital in recent five years, of whom, 20 received SABT (group A) and the other 25 allogeneic blood transfusion (group B) intraoperatively. After surgery, we followed up the patients regularly for 3－66 months by examination of the levels of total PSA (tPSA) and free PSA (fPSA), digital rectal examination (DRE), and MRI to observe the biochemical recurrence of the tumor. We compared the data obtained between the two groups of patients.@*RESULTS@#In group A, 8 cases were in stages T1a－T1b and 12 in stages T2a－T2c, and in group B, 14 cases were in stages T1a－T1b and 11 in stages T2a－T2c. The volume of transfused blood was 800 ml in group A and 400－1 200 ml in group B. No statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups in the operation time, intraoperative blood loss or postoperative Gleason scores (P > 0.05), nor in the tPSA level or the results of DRE and MRI at 12, 24, 36, 48 and over 48 months (P > 0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#SABT is safe for PCa patients undergoing radical prostatectomy and does not increase the tumor recurrence rate after surgery.

Blood-cooling and hemostasis effects of Rehmanniae Radix before and after carbonizing / 中国中药杂志

To compare the blood-cooling and hemostasis effects of Rehmanniae Radix before and after carbonizing on rats with blood heat and hemorrhage syndrome. The blood heat and hemorrhage syndrome rat model was established. Indexes including rectal temperature,whole blood viscosity,plasma viscosity,thrombin time(TT),activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT),prothrombin time(PT),fibrinogen content(FIB),red blood cell(RBC),hemoglobin(Hb),hematocrit(HCT),blood platelet count(PLT),mean platelet volume(MPV),serum IL-1,serum IL-6 and lung histopathology were detected to investigate the blood-cooling and hemostasis effects of Rehmanniae Radix and its carbonized products. Compared with the blank control group,the rectal temperature was significantly increased with rise of the high,middle and low whole blood viscosities and plasma viscosity(P<0.05); both the high and low whole blood restore viscosity and the high and low whole blood relative viscosity were increased significantly(P< 0.05); TT,APTT and PT were notably prolonged with the increase in FIB content(P<0.05); RBC,Hb and HCT increased significantly(P< 0.05); concentrations of serum IL-1 and IL-6 were also increased(P< 0.05) in model group. Additionally,obvious hemorrhages in lung and stomach were observed in rats of the model group. Rehmanniae Radix and its carbonized products can significantly reduce rectal temperature,high middle and low whole blood viscosities and plasma viscosity(P<0.05). TT and APTT were shortened,with lower expression of FIB in group of Rehmannia Radix and its carbonized products. Hemorrhages of lung and stomach were improved by Rehmannia Radix and its carbonized products. The results indicated that Rehmannia Radix before and after carbonizing had the hemostasis and blood-cooling effects by promoting coagulation,improving blood rheology and inhibiting expressions of IL-1 and IL-6.

Preliminary investigation on processing mechanism of Kansui Radix by liquorice based on thermal analysis technology / 中国中药杂志

In the thermal analysis, the pyrolysis characteristics of crude Kansui Radix, alcohol extract of Kansui Radix, petroleum ether extract, chloroform extract, ethyl acetate extract, n-butanol extract, and licorice vinegar were analyzed with simulated air (N₂-O₂ 4:1) as the carrier gas, at a temperature increase rate of 10 °C·min⁻¹ and a volume flow rate of 60 mL·min⁻¹, respectively. The results showed that due to the different polarity of the extraction solvent, the type and quantity of the chemical components contained in each polar part were different, and with the increase in the amount of solid powder of licorice, the peak of the maximum heat loss rate occurred in advance. For petroleum ether, chloroform, and ethyl acetate fractions, (157.40±1.06), 3.50, (25.83±1.66) °C in advance respectively, but the weight loss rate of the chloroform fraction was increased by (2.62±5.19) °C, while decreased by (33.90±1.72), (19.28±1.11) °C for the petroleum ether and ethyl acetate fractions. So we can conclude that with the addition of licorice, the pyrolysis rate of the petroleum ether and chloroform fractions in the toxic part of Kansui Radix was increased; the temperature point at the peak of the maximum weight loss rate was decreased, and the ethyl acetate fraction (effective part) showed a decrease in temperature rising process, but its overall ratio of weight loss and weight loss rate were relatively small, retaining the effect of medicinal ingredients. This proved the mechanism of licorice system Kansui Radix on attenuating toxicity after processing and the scientificity and rationality of licorice system Kansui Radix. At the same time, as the proportion of glycyrrhizin was increased, the peak of the maximum heat loss rate of petroleum ether, chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions occurred in advance; the peak temperature was decreased, with easy pyrolysis. Among them, the thermogravimetric rate of the mixture of petroleum ether and chloroform fractions (10:1) was relatively large, with a low peak temperature, while ethyl acetate fraction showed opposite results. This conclusion has certain guiding significance for the ratio of gansui to licorice.