Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 20 de 50
Filtrar
Más filtros

Medicinas Complementárias
Bases de datos
País/Región como asunto
Tipo del documento
Intervalo de año de publicación
1.
Arch Microbiol ; 204(8): 479, 2022 Jul 13.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35831726

RESUMEN

In this study, calcium phosphate nanoparticles-based (STCNV) and montanide oil adjuvant vaccine (STOAV) containing outer membrane proteins (Omps) of S. Typhi were evaluated for inducing oxidative stress indicators [reduced glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxidation (LPO), catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and total protein] in the tissues of mice after vaccination. The GSH levels though slightly high in the liver, kidney, and lungs of STCNV group were not significantly different from STOAV and the control group (STC). There was no significant difference in LPO levels in any group for any tissue. The significantly lower activities of catalase were observed in the kidney and lungs of the STCNV group as compared to STOAV and STC group, while in the liver, STCNV group revealed lower catalase activity in comparison to the control group. No significant difference in the SOD activities between the two vaccinated groups was observed. The total protein contents in all the organs showed no significant difference in the vaccinated and the control group. The vaccines may induce long-term inflammatory response and consequently damage vital organs; this study revealed no long-term oxidative stress in all the three vital organs, suggesting that these vaccines may not cause oxidative damages in the vital organs of mice.


Asunto(s)
Nanopartículas , Vacunas , Adyuvantes Inmunológicos , Animales , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Catalasa/metabolismo , Glutatión/metabolismo , Proteínas de la Membrana/metabolismo , Ratones , Aceite Mineral , Estrés Oxidativo , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Salmonella typhi/metabolismo , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismo
2.
J Med Microbiol ; 71(4)2022 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35476604

RESUMEN

Introduction. The conventional adjuvants used in vaccines have limitations like induction of an imbalanced Th1 and Th2 immune response. To overcome this limitation, novel adjuvants and newer forms of existing adjuvants like calcium phosphate nanoparticles are being tested.Hypothesis/Gap Statement. Calcium phosphate adjuvanted outer membrane proteins vaccine may work as an efficient, safe and cost effective vaccine against Salmonella Typhi.Aim. Our goals were to evaluate the potential of calcium phosphate nanoparticles as an adjuvant using outer membrane proteins (Omps) of Salmonella Typhi as antigens for immune response, with montanide (commercially available adjuvant) as control, and its toxicity in rats.Methodology. Calcium phosphate adjuvanted outer membrane proteins nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized. The efficacy of vaccine formulation in mice and toxicity assay were carried out in rats.Results. The calcium phosphate nanoparticles varying in size between 20-50 nm had entrapment efficiency of 41.5% and loading capacity of 54%. The calcium phosphate nanoparticle-Omps vaccine formulation (nanoparticle-Omps) induced a strong humoral immune response, which was significantly higher than the control group for the entire period of study. In the montanide-Omps group the initial very high immune response declined steeply and then remained steady. The immune response induced by nanoparticle-Omps did not change appreciably. The cell mediated immune response as measured by lymphocyte proliferation assay and delayed type hypersensitivity test showed a higher response (P<0.01) for the nanoparticles-Omps group as compared to montanide-Omps group. The bacterial clearance assay also showed higher clearance in the nanoparticles-Omps group as compared to montanide-Omps group (approx 1.4%). The toxicity analysis in rats showed no difference in the values of toxicity biomarkers and blood chemistry parameters, revealing vaccine formulation was non-toxic in rats.Conclusion. Calcium phosphate nanoparticles as adjuvant in vaccines is safe, have good encapsulation and loading capacity and induce a strong cell mediated, humoral and protective immune response.


Asunto(s)
Nanopartículas , Fiebre Tifoidea , Adyuvantes Inmunológicos , Animales , Fosfatos de Calcio/química , Proteínas de la Membrana , Ratones , Aceite Mineral , Nanopartículas/química , Ratas , Salmonella , Salmonella typhi , Fiebre Tifoidea/prevención & control , Desarrollo de Vacunas
3.
J Appl Microbiol ; 121(2): 506-18, 2016 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27170067

RESUMEN

AIMS: To evaluate the potential of chitinolytic endophytic Actinomycetes isolated from medicinal plants in order to diminish the collar rot infestation induced by Sclerotium rolfsii in chickpea. METHODS AND RESULTS: Sixty-eight chitinolytic endophytic Actinomycetes were recovered from various medicinal plants and evaluated for their chitinase activity. Among these isolates, 12 were screened for their plant growth promoting abilities and antagonistic potential against Sc. rolfsii. Further, these isolates were validated in vivo for their ability to protect chickpea against Sc. rolfsii infestation under greenhouse conditions. The isolates significantly (P < 0·05) increased the biomass (1·2-2·0 fold) and reduced plant mortality (42-75%) of chickpea. On the basis of 16S rDNA profiling, the selected antagonistic strains were identified as Streptomyces diastaticus, Streptomyces fradiae, Streptomyces olivochromogenes, Streptomyces collinus, Streptomyces ossamyceticus and Streptomyces griseus. CONCLUSION: This study is the first report of the isolation of endophytic Actinomycetes from various medicinal plants having antagonistic and plant growth promoting abilities. The isolated species showed potential for controlling collar rot disease on chickpea and could be useful in integrated control against diverse soil borne plant pathogens. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Our investigation suggests that endophytic Actinomycetes associated with medicinal plants can be used as bioinoculants for developing safe, efficacious and environment-friendly biocontrol strategies in the near future.


Asunto(s)
Antibiosis , Ascomicetos/fisiología , Proteínas Bacterianas/metabolismo , Quitinasas/metabolismo , Cicer/microbiología , Endófitos/aislamiento & purificación , Enfermedades de las Plantas/prevención & control , Plantas Medicinales/microbiología , Streptomyces/aislamiento & purificación , Streptomyces/fisiología , Proteínas Bacterianas/genética , Quitinasas/genética , Cicer/crecimiento & desarrollo , ADN Ribosómico/genética , Endófitos/clasificación , Endófitos/enzimología , Endófitos/genética , Enfermedades de las Plantas/microbiología , Raíces de Plantas/microbiología , Streptomyces/enzimología , Streptomyces/genética
4.
Appl Biochem Biotechnol ; 175(5): 2542-63, 2015 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25536877

RESUMEN

The present investigation was undertaken to analyze the ethanolic extracts of leaves of Cinnamomum tamala and Aloe vera for their anti-diabetic and insulinomimitic effect by determining the levels of blood sugar, glycosylated hemoglobin, and serum lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein (HDL), and low density lipoprotein (LDL)) after daily administration of each alone and in combined at 250 mg/kg in alloxan (ALX)-induced diabetic rats. Treatment of diabetic rats with the extracts restored the elevated biochemical parameters significantly. The anti-diabetic effect further potentiated the insulin signaling pathway by co-administration of both extracts. The molecular mechanisms of modulating gene expression and cellular signaling through the insulin receptor were also evaluated on specific targets of the insulin signaling pathway, including insulin receptor substrate (IRS), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K), AKT, and the glucose transporter (GLUT4) on NIH/3T3 cell line by western blotting, ELISA, semiquantitative RT-PCR, and real-time PCR. The active principle of both extracts revealed insulin mimicking effect as indicated by increased expression of pIRS1 and pAKT in time-dependent manner. There was no significant difference in PI3-K content between unchallenged and challenged groups. Enhanced expression of GLUT-4 transcript further suggested that the Cinnamomum and Aloe phytochemicals could serve as a good adjuvant in the present armamentarium of anti-diabetic drugs by either mimicking or improving insulin action. This study reveals that ethanolic extracts of C. tamala and A. vera have potent therapeutic efficacy and prospect for the development of phytomedicine for diabetes mellitus.


Asunto(s)
Aloe/química , Cinnamomum/química , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/tratamiento farmacológico , Hipoglucemiantes/administración & dosificación , Insulina/metabolismo , Extractos Vegetales/administración & dosificación , Células 3T3 , Animales , Glucemia/metabolismo , Colesterol/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/genética , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/metabolismo , Transportador de Glucosa de Tipo 4/genética , Transportador de Glucosa de Tipo 4/metabolismo , Humanos , Masculino , Ratones , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Triglicéridos/metabolismo
5.
Protoplasma ; 252(1): 53-61, 2015 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24841892

RESUMEN

Despite the vast exploration of rhizospheric microbial wealth for crop yield enhancement, knowledge about the efficacy of microbial agents as biocontrol weapons against root-knot disease is scarce, especially in medicinal plants, viz., Bacopa monnieri. In the present investigation, rhizospheric microbes, viz., Bacillus megaterium, Glomus intraradices, Trichoderma harzianum ThU, and their combinations were evaluated for the management of Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood and bacoside content enhancement in B. monnieri var CIM-Jagriti. A novel validated method Fourier transform near infrared was used for rapid estimation of total bacoside content. A significant reduction (2.75-fold) in root-knot indices was observed in the combined treatment of B. megaterium and T. harzianum ThU in comparison to untreated control plants. The same treatment also showed significant enhancement (1.40-fold) in total bacoside contents (plant active molecule) content using Fourier transform near-infrared (FT-NIR) method that analyses samples rapidly in an hour without solvent usage and provides ample scope for natural product studies.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de las Plantas/parasitología , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Raíces de Plantas/química , Saponinas/metabolismo , Triterpenos/metabolismo , Animales , Bacopa , Enfermedades de las Plantas/prevención & control , Tylenchoidea
6.
Indian J Pediatr ; 81(12): 1315-20, 2014 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24760382

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: To assess the immuno-clinical response of micronutrients supplementation in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected children (both on and without antiretroviral therapy) and to assess the role of probiotics in improvement of CD4 counts in HIV infected children not on antiretroviral therapy. METHODS: This was an open labeled randomized control study, conducted in Department of Pediatrics and Antiretrovial Therapy (ART) Center, S.N. Medical College, Agra. One hundred and twenty seven HIV infected children aged ≤ 15 y were included in the study. Enrolled children were randomized to receive micronutrients for 6 mo or probiotics for 3 mo. Children who did not receive supplements served as control. Change in WHO clinical stage, immunological stage, CD4 counts and body mass index (BMI) status were taken at the end of 6 mo. In probiotic group, mean CD4 count were taken as outcome measure. A detailed history, examination and WHO clinical staging were recorded for all the patients. RESULTS: In micronutrient supplemented group (not on ART), significant improvement was seen in WHO clinical staging (p = 0.049) when compared to controls after 6 mo. Probiotic supplemented group showed significant increase in CD4 counts compared to control group (p = 0.0022) in children >5 y. Control group showed significant decline in CD4 count in children ≤5 y (-65.3 cells/mm(3), p=0.005) and in children >5 y (-87.9 cells/mm(3), p=0.05) after 12 wk of supplementation. CONCLUSIONS: Probiotics supplementation has shown significant improvement in CD4 counts. Micronutrients supplementation has shown significant delay in the progression towards advance stage of disease.


Asunto(s)
Infecciones por VIH/tratamiento farmacológico , Micronutrientes/uso terapéutico , Probióticos/uso terapéutico , Vitaminas/uso terapéutico , Adolescente , Recuento de Linfocito CD4 , Niño , Preescolar , Suplementos Dietéticos , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino
7.
Domest Anim Endocrinol ; 47: 35-46, 2014 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24462180

RESUMEN

Adipose tissue (AT) depots are heterogeneous in terms of morphology and adipocyte metabolism. Adiponectin, one of the most abundant adipokines, is known for its insulin sensitizing effects and its role in glucose and lipid metabolism. Little is known about the presence of adiponectin protein in visceral (vc) and subcutaneous (sc) AT depots. We assessed serum adiponectin and adiponectin protein concentrations and the molecular weight forms in vc (mesenterial, omental, and retroperitoneal) and sc (sternum, tail-head, and withers) AT of primiparous dairy cows during early lactation. Primiparous German Holstein cows (n = 25) were divided into a control (CON) and a conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) group. From day 1 of lactation until slaughter, CLA cows were fed 100 g of a CLA supplement/d (approximately 6% of cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12 isomers each), whereas the CON cows received 100 g of a fatty acid mixture/d instead of CLA. Blood samples from all animals were collected from 3 wk before calving until slaughter on day 1 (n = 5, CON cows), 42 (n = 5 each of CON and CLA cows), and 105 (n = 5 each of CON and CLA cows) of lactation when samples from different AT depots were obtained. Adiponectin was measured in serum and tissue by ELISA. In all AT depots adiponectin concentrations were lowest on day 1 than on day 42 and day 105, and circulating adiponectin reached a nadir around parturition. Retroperitoneal AT had the lowest adiponectin concentrations; however, when taking total depot mass into consideration, the portion of circulating adiponectin was higher in vc than sc AT. Serum adiponectin was positively correlated with adiponectin protein concentrations but not with the mRNA abundance in all fat depots. The CLA supplementation did not affect adiponectin concentrations in AT depots. Furthermore, inverse associations between circulating adiponectin and measures of body condition (empty body weight, back fat thickness, and vc AT mass) were observed. In all AT depots at each time, adiponectin was present as high (approximately 300 kDa) and medium (approximately 150 kDa) molecular weight complexes similar to that of the blood serum. These data suggest differential contribution of AT depots to circulating adiponectin.


Asunto(s)
Adiponectina/metabolismo , Tejido Adiposo/metabolismo , Bovinos/fisiología , Lactancia/fisiología , Adiponectina/genética , Animales , Bovinos/sangre , Femenino , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/fisiología
8.
J Nepal Health Res Counc ; 11(24): 177-81, 2013 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24362607

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Health services based on traditional systems of medicine has been expanding, flourishing and getting popularity, however, quality and effectiveness of service provision, has always been questioned probably due to the lack of research activities, poor or nil implementation of national policies and regularity systems and poor or nil monitoring and evaluation by any state agencies. Objective of this study was to explore the present situation of privately run traditional medicine based health service providing centres in the Kathmandu valley and service users' perception. METHODS: Data were gathered through interview, observation, and review of relevant documents. Registered health service centres were selected (5 each from Ayurveda, Naturopathy, Homeopathy, Acupuncture and Amchi system of medicine) by simple random method and 132 patients (5-7 from each centre) were selected using convenient sampling. RESULTS: Three of the five systems of traditional medicine (Homeopathy, Amchi and Acupuncture) considered for this study were providing services through clinic level (only OPD services) facilities, while Ayurveda and Naturopathy had hospital (in patient services) level services with number of beds ranging from 10 -25. Nearly all of the centres were found following almost all of the guidelines as stipulated by the Ministry of Health and Population. Nearly, two third of the patients visited these centres as there was no improvement in their condition at the modern medicine hospitals. More than two third of the patients interviewed perceived the quality of services being satisfactory, while three in ten patients perceived it as very much satisfactory. CONCLUSIONS: Perception of patients visiting the traditional medicine based centres and the hunger towards more effective service provision by the providers seems to be taking these systems of medicine towards the path of further development. Well recognition and further motivation by the state will help capacitate and strengthen these systems of medicine and garner their proper development in the Nepalese context.


Asunto(s)
Centros Comunitarios de Salud/organización & administración , Eficiencia Organizacional , Calidad de la Atención de Salud , Servicios Urbanos de Salud , Estudios Transversales , Humanos , Nepal , Satisfacción del Paciente/estadística & datos numéricos , Sector Privado , Investigación Cualitativa
9.
Phytomedicine ; 20(6): 470-80, 2013 Apr 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23395215

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: Daidzein (Daid) has been implicated in bone health for its estrogen-'like' effects but low bioavailability, unfavorable metabolism and uterine estrogenicity impede its clinical potential. This study was aimed at assessing isoformononetin (Isoformo), a naturally occurring methoxydaidzein, for bone anabolic effect by overcoming the pitfalls associated with Daid. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley ovariectomized (OVx) rats with established osteopenia were administered Isoformo, 17ß-oestradiol (E2) or human parathyroid hormone. Efficacy was evaluated by bone microarchitecture using microcomputed tomography and determination of new bone formation by fluorescent labeling of bone. Osteoblast apoptosis was measured by co-labeling of bone sections with Runx-2 and TUNEL. Biochemical markers of bone metabolism were measured by ELISA. Plasma and bone marrow levels of Isoformo and Daid were determined by LC-MS-MS. Rat bone marrow stromal cells were harvested to study osteoblastic differentiation by Isoformo and Daid. New born rat pups were injected with Isoformo and Daid to study the effect of the compounds on the expression of osteogenic genes in the calvaria by real time PCR. RESULTS: In osteopenic rats, Isoformo treatment restored trabecular microarchitecture, increased new bone formation, increased the serum osteogenic marker (procollagen N-terminal propeptide), decreased resorptive marker (urinary C-terminal teleopeptide of type I collagen) and diminished osteoblast apoptosis in bone. At the most effective osteogenic dose of Isoformo, plasma and bone marrow levels were comprised of ~90% Isoformo and the rest, Daid. Isoformo at the concentration reaching the bone marrow achieved out of its most effective oral dosing induced stromal cell mineralization and osteogenic gene expression in the calvaria of neonatal rats. Isoformo exhibited uterine safety. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates that Isoformo reverses established osteopenia in adult OVx rats likely via its pro-survival effect on osteoblasts. Given its bone anabolic and anti-catabolic effects accompanied with safety at uterine level we propose its potential in the management of postmenopausal osteoporosis.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Óseas Metabólicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Huesos/efectos de los fármacos , Isoflavonas/uso terapéutico , Osteoblastos/efectos de los fármacos , Osteogénesis/efectos de los fármacos , Osteoporosis/prevención & control , Fitoterapia , Animales , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Biomarcadores/sangre , Biomarcadores/orina , Conservadores de la Densidad Ósea/metabolismo , Conservadores de la Densidad Ósea/farmacología , Conservadores de la Densidad Ósea/uso terapéutico , Enfermedades Óseas Metabólicas/etiología , Enfermedades Óseas Metabólicas/metabolismo , Resorción Ósea/prevención & control , Calcificación Fisiológica/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Isoflavonas/metabolismo , Isoflavonas/farmacología , Metabolismo/efectos de los fármacos , Osteogénesis/genética , Osteoporosis/etiología , Osteoporosis/metabolismo , Ovariectomía , Fitoestrógenos/metabolismo , Fitoestrógenos/farmacología , Fitoestrógenos/uso terapéutico , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Células del Estroma/efectos de los fármacos , Células del Estroma/metabolismo , Útero/efectos de los fármacos
10.
ScientificWorldJournal ; 2012: 549265, 2012.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22701361

RESUMEN

Cinnamomum tamala Nees & Eberm. is an important traditional medicinal plant, mentioned in various ancient literatures such as Ayurveda. Several of its medicinal properties have recently been proved. To characterize diversity in terms of metabolite profiles of Cinnamomum tamala Nees and Eberm genotypes, a newly emerging mass spectral ionization technique direct time in real time (DART) is very helpful. The DART ion source has been used to analyze an extremely wide range of phytochemicals present in leaves of Cinnamomum tamala. Ten genotypes were assessed for the presence of different phytochemicals. Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of mainly terpenes and phenols. These constituents vary in the different genotypes of Cinnamomum tamala. Principal component analysis has also been employed to analyze the DART data of these Cinnamomum genotypes. The result shows that the genotype of Cinnamomum tamala could be differentiated using DART MS data. The active components present in Cinnamomum tamala may be contributing significantly to high amount of antioxidant property of leaves and, in turn, conditional effects for diabetic patients.


Asunto(s)
Cinnamomum/metabolismo , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica/métodos , Espectrometría de Masas/métodos , Hojas de la Planta/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/análisis , Proteínas de Plantas/química , Cinnamomum/clasificación , Sistemas de Computación , Hojas de la Planta/clasificación
11.
Case Rep Med ; 2012: 904729, 2012.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23365581

RESUMEN

Scientific validation of reflexology requires an in-depth and noninvasive evaluation of "reflexology/reflex areas" in health and disease. The present paper reports the differential properties of "normal" and "abnormal" reflexology areas related to the lumbar vertebrae in a subject suffering from low back pain. The pathology is supported by radiological evidence. The reflexology target regions were clinically assessed with respect to colour and tenderness in response to finger pressure. Grey scale luminosity and pain intensity, as assessed by visual analogue scale scores, differentiated "normal" from "abnormal" skin. Skin swept source-optical coherence tomography recorded their structural differences. Infrared thermography revealed temperature variations. A laser Doppler study using a combined microcirculation and transcutaneous oxygen monitoring system indicated alterations in blood flow and oxygen perfusion. Raman spectroscopy showed differences in chemical signatures between these areas. The present findings may indicate a potential correlation between the reflexology areas and subsurface pathological changes, showing an association with the healthy or unhealthy status of the lumbar vertebrae.

12.
J Appl Toxicol ; 32(6): 436-45, 2012 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22161306

RESUMEN

This study investigated the oxidative stress induced after acute oral treatment with 500, 1000 and 2000 mg kg⁻¹ doses of Al2O3 -30 and -40 nm and bulk Al2O3 in Wistar rats. Both the nanomaterials induced significant oxidative stress in a dose-dependent manner in comparison to the bulk. There was no significant difference between the two nanomaterials. However, the effect decreased with increase with time after treatment. The histopathological examination showed lesions only in liver with Al2O3 nanomaterials at 2000 mg kg⁻¹.


Asunto(s)
Óxido de Aluminio/toxicidad , Enfermedad Hepática Inducida por Sustancias y Drogas/etiología , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Nanopartículas del Metal/toxicidad , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Administración Oral , Animales , Encéfalo/efectos de los fármacos , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Encéfalo/patología , Enfermedad Hepática Inducida por Sustancias y Drogas/metabolismo , Enfermedad Hepática Inducida por Sustancias y Drogas/patología , Femenino , Glutatión/metabolismo , Corazón/efectos de los fármacos , Riñón/efectos de los fármacos , Riñón/metabolismo , Riñón/patología , Peroxidación de Lípido/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/metabolismo , Hígado/patología , Malondialdehído/metabolismo , Miocardio/metabolismo , Miocardio/patología , Nanotecnología , Oxidorreductasas/metabolismo , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Pruebas de Toxicidad Aguda
13.
J Commun Dis ; 43(4): 237-41, 2011 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23781639

RESUMEN

Crude aqueous and acetone extracts of leaf of Trianthema portulacastrum was evaluated for its mosquito larvicidal properties against the larvae of four vector species of mosquito under laboratory conditions. These extracts showed good larvicidal properties, 100% mortality in the third instar larvae was observed in the larval bioassay test with Anopheles culicifacies, Anopheles stephensi, Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti at a concentration of 1.0, 0.75, 0.75 and 1.0% respectively. The LD50 values estimated for aqueous extract against the larvae of An. culicifacies, An. stephensi, Cx. quinquefasciatus and Ae. aegypti were 0.17, 0.15, 0.18 and 0.17% and LD90 values were 0.57, 0.58, 0.76, and 0.75% respectively. The LD50 values estimated for acetone extract against the larvae of An. culicifacies, An. stephensi, Cx. quinquefasciatus and Ae. aegypti were 0.09, 0.10, 0.09 and 0.12 % and LD90 values were 0.28, 0.25, 0.26 and 0.26% respectively. It is observed that the acetone extract is more effective as compared to aqueous extract. Trianthema portulacastrum can be considered as a probable source of photochemical used for the development of larvicide against disease vectors.


Asunto(s)
Aizoaceae , Culicidae , Insecticidas/farmacología , Control de Mosquitos/métodos , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Animales , Larva/efectos de los fármacos
14.
Indian J Med Res ; 130(1): 74-7, 2009 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19700805

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Aqueous and organic solvent extracts of plants/plant parts were effective in killing the mosquito larvae. Comparative efficacy of the aqueous and hexane extracts of dried fruit of Solanum nigrum was tested against five laboratory colonized strains of mosquito species, namely Anopheles culicifacies species A, An. culicifacies species C, An. stephensi, Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti to assess the possibility for use of these extracts for their control. METHODS: Concentrations of aqueous extract of dried fruit in the range of 62.5 to 2000 ppm and hexane extract of dried fruit in the range of 0.781 to 150 ppm were used in bioassays. The mortality data were subjected to log probit regression analysis to determine the median lethal concentrations (LC(50) and LC(90)) to kill 50 and 90 per cent of the treated larvae of the respective species. RESULTS: All the five species registered 100 per cent mortality in larval bioassays at 1000 ppm with aqueous extract and at 100 ppm with hexane extract of dried fruit. In bioassays with aqueous extract An. culicifacies species A registered the lowest LC(50) of 208.5 ppm (range-208.5-359 ppm for different mosquito species) while with hexane extract, An. stephensi registered the lowest LC(50) of 6.25 ppm (6.25- 17.63 ppm for different mosquito species). The LC(50) of aqueous extract was 13-39 fold higher than the values of hexane extract of dried fruit for different species. The calculated LC(90) for hexane extract of dried fruit for different species was in the range of 43.38-95.28 ppm. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION: Hexane extract showed good mosquito larvicidal efficacy than that of the aqueous extract. The calculated LC(90) for the extract for different species was below 100 ppm and could be effective for comprehensive control of disease vectors.


Asunto(s)
Culicidae/efectos de los fármacos , Frutas/química , Larva/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Solanum nigrum/química , Animales , Culicidae/embriología , Hexanos/química , Insecticidas/química , Insecticidas/farmacología , Control de Mosquitos/métodos , Control Biológico de Vectores/métodos , Extractos Vegetales/química , Solanum nigrum/anatomía & histología , Solventes/química , Agua/química
15.
Food Chem Toxicol ; 47(8): 1964-71, 2009 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19457440

RESUMEN

Widespread use of pesticides represents a potential risk to human and environmental health. Hence, biopesticides from plants are some of the future strategies for plant protection. In this regard, a seed extract of Annona squamosa was prepared and found to be a promising pesticide. In order to establish the inherent toxicity and non-target safety required for registration and marketing of pesticides, toxicological studies are conducted. The genotoxicity potential was evaluated in rats with 75, 150 and 300 mg/kg Annona squamosa by the comet assay in leucocytes, micronucleus and chromosomal aberration tests in bone marrow. We also studied the effects of 300 mg/kg of extract on lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione level and glutathione S transferase activity in liver, lungs, brain, kidneys, heart and spleen of treated rats. The comet assay showed a statistically significant dose related increase in DNA migration. The micronucleus and chromosomal aberration tests revealed a significant induction in frequency of micronuclei and chromosomal aberrations at 150 and 300 mg/kg. Annona squamosa treatment significantly enhanced lipid peroxidation, decreased glutathione and glutathione S transferase levels revealing the oxidative stress condition. Our results warrant careful use of Annona squamosa seed extract as a biopesticide till more tests are carried out.


Asunto(s)
Annona/toxicidad , Mutágenos/toxicidad , Animales , Annona/química , Aberraciones Cromosómicas/efectos de los fármacos , Ensayo Cometa , ADN/efectos de los fármacos , ADN/genética , ADN/metabolismo , Femenino , Glutatión/metabolismo , Glutatión Transferasa/metabolismo , Peroxidación de Lípido/efectos de los fármacos , Malondialdehído/metabolismo , Pruebas de Micronúcleos , Mutágenos/química , Extractos Vegetales/toxicidad , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Semillas/química , Semillas/toxicidad
16.
J Neuroendocrinol ; 20(7): 909-16, 2008 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18445125

RESUMEN

Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurones located within the brain are the final neuroendocrine output regulating the reproductive hormone axis. Their small number and scattered distribution in the hypothalamus make them particularly difficult to study in vivo. The Cre/loxP system is a valuable tool to delete genes in specific cells and tissues. We report the production of two mouse lines that express the CRE bacteriophage recombinase in a GnRH-specific manner. The first line, the GnRH-CRE mouse, contains a transgene in which CRE is under the control of the murine GnRH promoter and targets CRE expression specifically to GnRH neurones in the hypothalamus. The second line, the GnRH-CRETeR mouse, uses the same murine GnRH promoter to target CRE expression to GnRH neurones, but is modified to be constitutively repressed by a tetracycline repressor (TetR) expressed from a downstream tetracycline repressor gene engineered within the transgene. GnRH neurone-specific CRE expression can therefore be induced by treatment with doxycycline which relieves repression by TetR. These GnRH-CRE and GnRH-CRETeR mice can be used to study the function of genes expressed specifically in GnRH neurones. The GnRH-CRETeR mouse can be used to study genes that may have distinct roles in reproductive physiology during the various developmental stages.


Asunto(s)
Regulación del Desarrollo de la Expresión Génica , Hormona Liberadora de Gonadotropina/metabolismo , Integrasas/genética , Neuronas/metabolismo , Animales , Femenino , Fertilidad/genética , Hipotálamo/efectos de los fármacos , Hipotálamo/metabolismo , Integrasas/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Transgénicos , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusión/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusión/metabolismo , Recombinación Genética , Distribución Tisular , Transgenes
17.
J Commun Dis ; 40(4): 255-61, 2008 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19579717

RESUMEN

Acetone extracts of leaves and seeds from the Tribulus terrestris (Zygophyllaceae) were tested against mature and immature different mosquito vectors under laboratory condition. The extract showed strong larvicidal, properties 100 per cent mortality in the 3rd-instar larvae was observed in the bioassays with An. culicifacies Giles species A, An. stephensi Liston, Culex quinquefasciatus Say and Aedes aegypti Linn, against 200 ppm of the leaf acetone extract and 100 ppm seed acetone extract. The LC50 values of leaf acetone extract estimated for 3rd-instars An. culicifacies species A, An. stephensi, Cx. quinquefasciatus and Ae. aegypti after 24 hour of exposure were 117, 124, 168 and 185 ppm respectively. The LC50 values of seed acetone extract estimated for 3rd-instars An. culicifacies species A, An. stephensi, Cx. quinquefasciatus and Ae. aegypti after 24 hour of exposure were 100, 72, 91 and 91 ppm respectively. It is confirmed from the LC50 values that the seed acetone extract of T. terrestris is more effective compared to leaf extracts. A significant (P<0.004) higher concentration of acetone extract leaf was required to kill equal number of larvae i.e. against acetone extract of seed. The seed acetone extract showed strong repellent activity against adults mosquitoes. Per cent protection obtained against Anopheles culicifacies species A 100% repellency in 1 h, 6 h; Anopheles stephensi 100% repellency in 0 h, 4 h, 6 h; and Culex quinquefasciatus 100% repellency in 0 h, 2 h, 4 h, at 10% concentration respectively. Against Deet- 2.5% An. culicifacies Giles species A has shown 100% repellency in 1 h, 2 h, 6 h, An. stephensi Liston 99% repellency in 4 h, and Culex quinquefasciatus Say has shown 100% repellency in 1 h, 2 h.


Asunto(s)
Acetona/administración & dosificación , Culicidae/efectos de los fármacos , Insectos Vectores/efectos de los fármacos , Malaria/prevención & control , Extractos Vegetales/administración & dosificación , Tribulus/química , Acetona/química , Animales , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Humanos , Repelentes de Insectos/administración & dosificación , Insecticidas/administración & dosificación , Larva/efectos de los fármacos , Control de Mosquitos/métodos , Hojas de la Planta/química , Semillas/química
18.
J Herb Pharmacother ; 7(3-4): 229-37, 2007.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18928144

RESUMEN

Twenty varieties of ber (Zizyphus mouritiana), namely umaran, katha, bilayati, kaithli, ZG-3, gola, safeda rohtak, takadi, tikari, banarasi karaka, seo, sonaur-2, sonaur-3, ilaichi, mundia murahra, pathan, kakrola gola, seb, golden yellow and chhuhara, were investigated for the presence of phenolic acids in stem bark, leaves and fruits using high performance liquid chromatograph. Results indicated the presence of tannic (retention time (Rt.) 2.76 min), gallic (Rt. 2.86 min), caffeic (Rt. 3.12 min), vanillic (Rt. 3.26 min), ferulic (Rt. 3.42 min), chlorogenic (Rt. 4.16 min) and cinnamic acids (Rt. 4.45 min) in varying amounts in different parts in of these varieties. In fruits of seven varieties, namely, kaithly, sonaur-2, sonaur-3, mundia murahra, pathan, golden yellow and chhuhara, oxalic acid (Rt. 3.00 min) was also detected. Pharmacological properties of phenolic acids of fruits in relation to human health and the possible implications of different phenolic acids in chemotaxonomy of different varieties of ber are discussed.


Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/análisis , Hidroxibenzoatos/análisis , Corteza de la Planta/química , Extractos Vegetales/análisis , Ziziphus/química , Ziziphus/clasificación , Ácidos Cafeicos/análisis , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Ácidos Cumáricos/análisis , Ácido Gálico/análisis , Humanos , India , Especificidad de la Especie , Taninos/análisis , Ácido Vanílico/análisis
19.
Poult Sci ; 85(7): 1129-35, 2006 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16830851

RESUMEN

One hundred fifty 1-d-old quail chicks (Coturnix coturnix japonica) were divided into 2 groups. The 2 groups were designated as controls (CX) and fumonisin-fed birds (FX) with each containing 50 and 100 chicks, respectively. The birds in group CX were maintained on quail mash alone, whereas the birds in group FX were maintained on diets supplemented with 300 ppm of fumonisin B1 from Fusarium verticillioides (formerly Fusarium moniliforme) culture material from 1 d. Quail chicks in both groups were examined daily for clinical signs and mortality. Five randomly selected quail from each group were individually weighed on 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 d post-feeding (DPF). After weighing, blood was collected from these birds at 7, 14, 21, and 28 DPF for hematological studies and at 14, 21, and 28 DPF for biochemical studies. Fumonisin B1-fed birds (FX) had ruffled feathers, reduced feed and water intake, poor body growth, and greenish mucus diarrhea with 59% mortality. Nearly 30% of the fumonisin B1-fed birds showed nervous signs during the 4-wk experimental period. From 7 DPF onward, BW in group FX were significantly lower than those in group CX. Fumonisin feeding significantly increased hemoglobin, packed cell volume, total erythrocyte count, and total leukocyte count. There was also a significant increase in aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase in the fumonisin-fed group. Fumonisins significantly increased concentrations of total serum protein and albumin on 14 and 21 DPF, serum calcium and cholesterol levels from 14 DPF onward, and creatinine from 21 DPF onward. This study revealed that the addition of F. verticillioides culture material supplying a level of 300 ppm of FB1/kg of diet is highly toxic to quail chicks, resulting in heavy mortality, decreased growth rate, and significant alterations in hemato-biochemical parameters.


Asunto(s)
Fumonisinas/farmacología , Fusarium/metabolismo , Animales , Coturnix , Fumonisinas/toxicidad , Micotoxicosis/diagnóstico , Micotoxicosis/veterinaria , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/inducido químicamente , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/patología , Tasa de Supervivencia
20.
J Surg Oncol ; 91(3): 204-8, 2005 Sep 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16118778

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: The exact role of copper and zinc in the etiology of carcinoma of the gallbladder is unclear. Some studies suggest the Cu/Zn ratio is a good indicator of the extent and prognosis in carcinoma of the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of the present study is to estimate the micronutrient profile and Cu/Zn ratio in the serum, tissues, and bile of patients with benign and malignant gallbladder diseases. METHODS: The present study was carried out in 60 patients comprising 30 each of carcinoma of the gallbladder and cholelithiasis, and 30 age and sex matched controls. Copper and zinc levels were estimated in blood, bile, and tissue using a Perkin Elmer Model 2380 Atomic absorption Spectrophotometer. RESULTS: The mean serum zinc levels were significantly lower in patients with carcinoma of the gallbladder than in patients with cholelithiasis and in healthy controls (P < 0.001). The mean serum copper levels were significantly higher in patients with carcinoma of the gallbladder as compared to patients with cholelithiasis and healthy controls (P < 0.001). Biliary and tissue zinc levels were significantly lower in patients with carcinoma of the gallbladder than in patients with cholelithiasis. Biliary and tissue copper levels were higher in patients with carcinoma of the gallbladder than in patients with cholelithiasis. The serum Cu/Zn ratio showed a gradual and significant increase from 1.11 in healthy controls to 1.35 in patients with cholelithiasis and 2.12 in patients with carcinoma of the gallbladder. The biliary and tissue Cu/Zn ratios were also significantly increased in patients with carcinoma of the gallbladder than in patients with cholelithiasis (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our data support an association between lower zinc levels and consequently an increased Cu/Zn ratio and carcinoma of the gallbladder. Whether zinc supplementation has a protective effect in preventing carcinoma of the gallbladder needs to be studied further.


Asunto(s)
Cobre/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Vesícula Biliar/metabolismo , Zinc/metabolismo , Bilis/metabolismo , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Colelitiasis/metabolismo , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Análisis por Apareamiento , Persona de Mediana Edad
SELECCIÓN DE REFERENCIAS
DETALLE DE LA BÚSQUEDA