Jaboticaba (Myrciaria jaboticaba) powder consumption improves the metabolic profile and regulates gut microbiome composition in high-fat diet-fed mice.

The consumption of a high-fat diet can cause metabolic syndrome and induces host gut microbial dysbiosis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We evaluated the effect of polyphenol-rich jaboticaba peel and seed powder (JPSP) on the gut microbial community composition and liver health in a mouse model of NAFLD. Three-month-old C57BL/6 J male mice, received either a control (C, 10% of lipids as energy, n = 16) or high-fat (HF, 50% of lipids as energy, n = 64) diet for nine weeks. The HF mice were randomly subdivided into four groups (n = 16 in each group), three of which (HF-J5, HF-J10, and HF-J15) were supplemented with dietary JPSP for four weeks (5%, 10%, and 15%, respectively). In addition to attenuating weight gain, JPSP consumption improved dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. In a dose-dependent manner, JPSP consumption ameliorated the expression of hepatic lipogenesis genes (AMPK, SREBP-1, HGMCoA, and ABCG8). The effects on the microbial community structure were determined in all JPSP-supplemented groups; however, the HF-J10 and HF-J15 diets led to a drastic depletion in the species of numerous bacterial families (Bifidobacteriaceae, Mogibacteriaceae, Christensenellaceae, Clostridiaceae, Dehalobacteriaceae, Peptococcaceae, Peptostreptococcaceae, and Ruminococcaceae) compared to the HF diet, some of which represented a reversal of increases associated with HF. The Lachnospiraceae and Enterobacteriaceae families and the Parabacteroides, Sutterella, Allobaculum, and Akkermansia genera were enriched more in the HF-J10 and HF-J15 groups than in the HF group. In conclusion, JPSP consumption improved obesity-related metabolic profiles and had a strong impact on the microbial community structure, thereby reversing NAFLD and decreasing its severity.

Uraemic toxin-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in human endothelial cells: protective effect of polyphenol-rich extract from açaí.

NEW FINDINGS: What is the central question of this study? Does a polyphenol-rich extract from açaí have a potential role in preventing uraemic toxin-induced endothelial cell dysfunction? What is the main finding and its importance? Polyphenols from açaí prevented cell death, restored migratory capacity, protected from inflammation and contributed to the restoration of the antioxidant response in endothelial cells exposed to uraemic toxins. The protective role of açaí against toxic effects exerted by uraemic toxins presents a potential new therapeutic target in endothelial cells. ABSTRACT: In chronic kidney disease (CKD), progressive loss of kidney function results in the accumulation of protein-bound uraemic toxins such as p-cresyl sulfate (pCS) and indoxyl sulfate (IS). Among strategies to ameliorate the harmful actions of uraemic toxins, phenolic compounds have been extensively studied. The main goal of this work was to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions of phenolic-rich açaí seed extract (ASE) in response to endothelial dysfunction induced by IS and pCS, in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Cells were treated with ASE (10 µg ml-1 ) in the presence or absence of IS (61 µg ml-1 ) and pCS (40 µg ml-1 ). Cell viability, cell death, cell migratory capacity and inflammatory biomarker expression were evaluated. Cellular antioxidant response was measured through the activity and expression of antioxidant enzymes, and oxidative damage was evaluated. IS and pCS lowered cell viability, triggered cell death and lowered the migratory capacity in endothelial cells (P < 0.05). ASE prevented cell death and restored the migratory capacity in cells exposed to IS. Both toxins up-regulated pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, and ASE was able to beneficially counteract this effect. Tumour necrosis factor-α secretion was greater in uraemic toxin-treated cells and ASE reversed this phenomenon in cells treated with both toxins concomitantly (P < 0.05). With regard to the antioxidant response, superoxide dismutase expression was strikingly lower in cells treated with both toxins, and ASE inhibited this harmful effect (P < 0.05). From the results, we conclude that ASE exerted protective effects on inflammation and oxidative stress caused by uraemic toxins (particularly by IS) in human endothelial cells.

Antiadipogenic effects of açai seed extract on high fat diet-fed mice and 3T3-L1 adipocytes: A potential mechanism of action.

Body adiposity is an important risk factor for the development of chronic non-transmissible diseases. Studies on the process of adipogenesis have been extensively performed in vivo and in vitro models to describe the molecular and cellular bases of adipose tissue development and the effect of natural products in this process. The açai seed extract (ASE) has been evidenced as a potential regulator of body mass. In our work high-fat diet-fed mice treated with ASE (300 mg/Kg/d) (HFD-ASE) showed a lower adipose index (-32.63%, p < 0.001) than the high-fat diet-fed mice group (HFD) and the adipocytes from the HFD group were considerably enlarged (p < 0.001) compared to those in the control group (CG) and HFD-ASE group (+175% and +123%, respectively). We also evaluated the effects of ASE on the modulation of adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. ASE exposure (25 and 100 µg/mL) led to a decrease of 26.6 (p < 0.05) in proliferation and also inhibited pre-adipocyte differentiation through the decreasing expression (p < 0.05) of transcription factors and adipogenic proteins such as PPARÉ£, SREBP-1, and FAS. These results show that the ASE reduce adipogenesis and suppress lipid accumulation in the in vivo model and in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and reinforce ASE as a potential strategy to modulate adipogenesis.

Resultados do tratamento nutricional de uma clínica universitária aos pacientes com doenças crônicas / Results of nutritional treatment of a university clinic for patients with chronic diseases

Introdução: O atendimento nutricional e as modificações nos hábitos alimentares são fundamentais para o tratamento das doenças crônicas não transmissíveis. O presente estudo se justifica ao avaliar o perfil e a evolução do estado nutricional de pacientes atendidos na clínica de nutrição de uma universidade. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo analítico que utilizou dados secundários, obtidos através da análise dos prontuários dos pacientes atendidos entre fevereiro 2013 a novembro de 2016. Foram incluídos no estudo 50 pacientes, de ambos os sexos, com idade acima de 18 anos. Resultados e discussão: Os pacientes tinham idade média de 51,4 ± 14,2 anos, dos quais 76% eram do sexo feminino. Em relação às doenças crônicas apresentadas pelos pacientes, houve maior prevalência da obesidade. A maior parte dos pacientes, 84% apresentaram perda de peso durante o tratamento e 78% relataram aumento do fracionamento das refeições. Conclusões: Houve modificações do consumo alimentar que repercutiram na diminuição das medidas antropométricas e na perda de peso. O tempo de tratamento parece ser um fator que influenciou estes resultados

Introduction: Nutritional care and eating habits changes are fundamental for the chronic noncommunicable diseases treatment. The present study is justified in evaluating the profile and the nutritional status evolution of patients that are attended at a university's nutrition clinic. Method: An analytical study was performed using secondary data obtained through the analysis of the medical records of the patients attended between February 2013 and November 2016. It was included in the study 50 patients of both sexes, aged above 18 years. Results and discussion: The patients were mean age of 51.4 ± 14.2 years old, which 76% were female. In relation to the chronic diseases that the patients presented, there was higher prevalence of obesity. Most of the patients, 84% presented weight loss during the treatment and 78% reported meal fractionation increase. Conclusions: There were changes in the food consumption that had repercussions on the anthropometric measurements reduction and weight loss. Treatment time seems to be a factor that influenced these results

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Emissöes otoacústicoa evocadas transientes e emissöes otoacústicas evocadas por produto de distorçäo em adultos normais: estudos dos desvios transitórios do limiar de audibilidade após exposiçäo ao ruído / Transient otoacoustic emission and distortion product otoacoustic emission in normal adults: study of temporary threshold shifts after noise exposition

O presente trabalho foi realizado com 24 indivíduos, de ambos os sexos, sem antecedentes de patologias de orelha média, com audiometria tonal liminar normal e emissöes otoacústicas transientes (EOAT) e emissöes otoacústicas por produto de distorçäo (EOAPD) presentes. Os indivíduos foram submetidos ao registro das respostas das EOAT e EOAPD de cada orelha, através dos programas ILO-88 e ILO-92, apresentou-se um ruído branco a 100 dB NA, por 10 minutos em cada orelha e foi resgistrada a amplitude das respostas de EOAT e EOAPD da orelha exposta ao ruído. Tal procedimento foi realizado em ambas as orelhas. Após as testagens as respostas foram comparadas na pré e pós-estimulaçäo ao ruído e classificada em melhora, piora e inalteraçäo. Nas EOAT näo houve diferença estatisticamente entre os sexos e houve maior ocorrência de piora na amplitide média de resposta pós-estimulaçäo, principalmente nas frequências agudas. Nas EOAPD verificou-se diferença significante entre os sexos feminino e masculono e näo houve diferença na amplitude de resposta pré e pós-estimulaçäo com ruído.