[A new dihydrochalcone from Humulus scandens].

To study the chemical constituents from the stems and leaves of Humulus scandens, this study isolated thirteen compounds by different chromatographic methods including silica gel column, ODS, Sephadex LH-20 and preparative HPLC. Based on comprehensive analysis, the chemical structures were elucidated and identified as citrunohin A(1), chrysosplenetin(2), casticin(3), neoechinulin A(4), ethyl 1H-indole-3-carboxylate(5), 3-hydroxyacetyl-indole(6),(1H-indol-3-yl) oxoacetamide(7), inonotusic acid(8), arteannuin B(9), xanthotoxol(10), α-tocopherol quinone(11), eicosanyl-trans-p-coumarate(12), and 9-oxo-(10E,12E)-octadecadienoic acid(13). Among them, compound 1 was a new dihydrochalcone, and the other compounds were obtained from H. scandens for the first time.

Hovenianin A Alleviates Hepatic Fibrosis by Inhibiting the PI3K/AKT Pathway in TGF-ß1-Induced HSCs Based on Network Pharmacology and Transcriptomic Analysis.

Hepatic fibrosis is a global health problem, which currently has no FDA approved antifibrotic therapy yet. This study aimed to explore the mechanism of Hovenia genus in the treatment of hepatic fibrosis by an integrative strategy combining network pharmacology analysis, molecular docking, transcriptomics and experimental validation. The traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology (TCMSP) database and literatures were used to collect the components of Hovenia genus. Public databases including GeneCards, TTD, PharmGkb were used to acquire the putative targets. The GO and KEGG analysis were applied to explore the underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, The TGF-ß1 induced hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) model were performed to evaluate the anti-hepatic fibrosis activity of Hovenia genus. The RT-qPCR, Western blotting and flow cytometry experiments were used to validate the anti-hepatic fibrosis mechanisms of Hovenianin A. The KEGG analysis of network pharmacology and transcriptomics revealed that the core targets mainly enriched in PI3K-Akt signaling pathways. The cell screening results indicated flavonoids were the main active ingredients of Hovenia. Hovenianin A, a bioactive bisflavonol, was validated to promote the apoptosis of HSCs by inhibiting PI3K-Akt pathway. Molecular docking further corroborated the binding sites between Hovenianin A and AKT1. In summary, Hovenia may have therapeutic effects on liver fibrosis by modulating the PI3K-Akt apoptosis pathway. Our findings may facilitate the development of Hovenia genus, which could help to treat liver fibrosis in the future.

[A new alkaloid from Ervatamia hainanensis].

In order to study the alkaloids from branches and leaves of Ervatamia hainanensis, silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20 and HPLC chromatography were used to obtain six alkaloids from the branches and leaves of E. hainanensis with use of. Based on the physicochemical properties and spectral data, their structures were identified as 10-hydroxydemethylhirsuteine(1), 3R-hydroxycoronaridine(2), 3-(2-oxopropyl)coronaridine(3), pandine(4), 16-epi-vobasine(5), and 16-epi-vobasinic acid(6). Among them, compound 1 was a new monoterpenoid indole alkaloid, and compounds 5 and 6 were obtained from this plant for the first time.

Motor imagery recognition with automatic EEG channel selection and deep learning.

Objective.Modern motor imagery (MI)-based brain computer interface systems often entail a large number of electroencephalogram (EEG) recording channels. However, irrelevant or highly correlated channels would diminish the discriminatory ability, thus reducing the control capability of external devices. How to optimally select channels and extract associated features remains a big challenge. This study aims to propose and validate a deep learning-based approach to automatically recognize two different MI states by selecting the relevant EEG channels.Approach.In this work, we make use of a sparse squeeze-and-excitation module to extract the weights of EEG channels based on their contribution to MI classification, by which an automatic channel selection (ACS) strategy is developed. Further, we propose a convolutional neural network to fully exploit the time-frequency features, thus outperforming traditional classification methods both in terms of accuracy and robustness.Main results.We execute the experiments using EEG signals recorded at MI where 25 healthy subjects performed MI movements of the right hand and feet to generate motor commands. An average accuracy of87.2±5.0% (mean±std)is obtained, providing a 37.3% improvement with respect to a state-of-the-art channel selection approach.Significance.The proposed ACS method has been found to be significantly advantageous compared to the typical approach of using a fixed channel configuration. This work shows that fewer EEG channels not only reduces computational complexity but also improves the MI classification performance. The proposed method selects EEG channels related to hand and feet movement, which paves the way to real-time and more natural interfaces between the patient and the robotic device.

Diffusion flux of phosphorus nutrients at the sediment-water interface of the Ulansuhai Lake in northern China.

Overlying water and sediment samples were collected from 11 locations in Ulansuhai Lake in June of 2012 to determine the concentration of dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) in the interstitial water, overlying water and sediment and to estimate the diffusion flux of DIP at the sediment-water interface. The DIP levels in overlying water were 0.004-0.185 mg/L (average = 0.062 mg/L), while they were 0.05-0.25 mg/L (average = 0.124 mg/L) in the interstitial water in the 0-2 cm surface sediment. Moreover, the annual mean exchange flux of DIP in the sediment was between -0.092 mg/m2·d and 0.053 mg/m2·d, and this occurred via internal source action in most areas. After area weighting, it is estimated that the exchange capacity of DIP at the sediment-water interface of the Ulansuhai Lake is 1.30 t/a. These findings indicate internal loading of phosphorus in sediment of the Ulansuhai Lake; thus, the diffusion of DIP in the interstitial water has effects on the lake, with a degree of influence of 2.7% to 81.5%.

[Xiamen Professional School of Traditional Chinese Medicine in modern Times].

Established in 1932, the Xiamen Professional School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, was the leading educational institution of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the Fujian region in modern times. Without the support of government, Wu Rui-fu and his partners self-funded for running the school hardly, insisted strictly the idea of converging TCM and western medicine, paid attention to the academic construction, launched the academic journals, including the Ten-day Periodical of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Xiamen Medicine, and set up a TCM library. Through the 6 years of painstaking works, the school trained many TCM talents, and accumulated practical experience for exploring the model of TCM education in modern times.

[Exploring the opium prohibition campaign led by LIN Ze-xu, a medical perspective].

Opium destruction in Humen, a feat of the national hero, LIN Ze-xu turned a new page of modern history of China. In the past researches, the campaign always basically studied under a political historical background. In fact, it was also related closely to medicine. During the reign of the Dao Guang Emperor of the Qing Dynasty, there was always mentioning of the risk of doping opium and its addiction process and mechanism in his serial reports and letters to the imperial government. During this inhibition process, he took measures, such as providing the medicines to conquer the addiction of opium, asking the effective prescriptions for prohibiting opium from physicians and strove to popularize them. As viewed from a medical and historical perspective, the opium prohibition campaign led by LIN Ze-xu still reveals some enlightening significance even for the current society.

[Epitome of social work in hospitals in modern China-Social Work in Hospitals].

As the first theoretical monograph about social work in hospitals in China, Social Work in Hospitals was published by Chung Hwa Book Co. in 1946 and was an exposition on the concept, methods and measures of social work in hospitals in detail. The book analyzed the cultivation of quality in the staff and localization of social work in hospitals by introducing cases the author experienced, which made the book an epitome of observation of social work in hospitals in modern China. The social medical idea and case treatment method advocated in the book had their historical inspirational function in establishing a harmonious doctor-patient relationship, improving medical service quality and strengthening humane care.

[Epidemic research in the south of Fujian Province in modern times from the viewpoints of overseas communication].

Under the particular geographical environment and social structure, different spatiality of epidemics was observed in the south of Fujian Province. Some important factors cannot be ignored in the study of local epidemics, such as its developed overseas communication, prosperous commercial activities between the East and the West and deep-rooted overseas emigration tradition. In modern times, public health ideas, therapies and prevention measures of west medicine were introduced, taking epidemic disease prevention as a turning point in this area, which promoted medical development of this area objectively, and valuable experience in disease prevention was accumulated.

[Analysis of governmental administration on medical advertisements in modern China].

The huge medical market in modern China brought about prosperity and then an uncontrolled medical advertising industry. In order to standardize the market, the health institution resorted to laws and regulations. Shanghai Municipal Health Bureau began the work in 1928 and Shanghai Provisional Rules of Banning Obscene Drug Advertising was issued in 1929. In 1930, Provisional Rules of Chinese and Western Medicine Advertising of the Beiping Health Bureau was carried out and then Rules of Chinese and Western Medicine Advertising of Beiping in 1935. From then on, various parts of the country kept on developing and perfecting their own rules on the basis of Rules of Chinese and Western Medicine Advertising of Beiping and the local situation. Among the rules, Provisional Rules of Chinese and Western Medicine Advertising of Shanghai (1936), Rules of Administrating and Correcting Chinese and Western Medicine Advertising of Beiping (1946) and Rules of Medicine Advertising of Shanghai Municipal Health Bureau (1947) were representatives. Those rules embodied the modern government's principle on administrating advertising by legal means and restraining excess illegal medicine advertising. There were also some weak points in the supervision of medicine advertising, such as sluggish supervision, ineffective supervision and light punishment.

[Sanshan Medical Training School of Fujian in modern times].

TCM education in Fujian started at Sanshan Medical Training School in modern times. Approved by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in November 1911 and opened on October 5, 1917, the school was established by CHEN Dengkai, a famous doctor in Fujian. CHEN had begun to compile the texts before its establishment. The school had a 4-year education system (3 school terms in a year) and offered 23 courses including TCM and western medicine. Both the course and texts embodied CHEN's TCM-oriented, western medicine-assisted concept, which was also the contemporary trend of confluence of Chinese and western medicine.