RESUMEN
Background: Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) remains one of the extremely common diseases in the elderly population, and despite the fact that percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy (PTED) can be an effective treatment for LDH, prognostic recurrence of the patients is still a clinical problem that needs to be addressed. Objective: To perform a meta-analysis of the influencing factors of disease recurrence after PTED for LDH to provide evidence for clinical practice. Methods: By screening the PubMed, EMbase, and Cochrane Library databases for relevant studies on disease recurrence after PTED for LDH, we extracted the authors, publication time, outcome measures, and other indicators were extracted for meta-analyses using RevMan 5.3 software. Results: The online retrieval and rigorous screening returned 8 valid articles for analysis, all with high reference value, as their Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS) scores were above 6. According to meta-analyses, there were no differences in gender and LDH type and location among patients with LDH recurrence after PTED treatment (P > .05); however, statistical significance was present in Pfirrmann grading, incomplete nucleus pulposus removal during surgery, and Modic changes (P < .05), indicating that these indexes were the influencing factors of LDH recurrence. Conclusions: Pfirrmann grading, incomplete nucleus pulposus removal during surgery, and Modic changes are related factors affecting LDH recurrence after PTED.
RESUMEN
Whole-brain imaging is becoming a fundamental means of experimental insight; however, achieving subcellular resolution imagery in a reasonable time window has not been possible. We describe the first application of multicolor ribbon scanning confocal methods to collect high-resolution volume images of chemically cleared brains. We demonstrate that ribbon scanning collects images over ten times faster than conventional high speed confocal systems but with equivalent spectral and spatial resolution. Further, using this technology, we reconstruct large volumes of mouse brain infected with encephalitic alphaviruses and demonstrate that regions of the brain with abundant viral replication were inaccessible to vascular perfusion. This reveals that the destruction or collapse of large regions of brain micro vasculature may contribute to the severe disease caused by Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus. Visualization of this fundamental impact of infection would not be possible without sampling at subcellular resolution within large brain volumes.