[Visual analysis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) studies based on bibliometrics].

To analyze the development of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19), this study systematically retrieved relevant Chinese and English literatures from both CNKI and Web of Science database platforms by bibliometric research method and CiteSpace 5.5.R2 software to obtain information and visualize relevant literatures. A total of 695 Chinese and 446 English literatures were included in this paper. Statistics showed that China had published most of the literatures and established close cooperation with the United States and the United Kingdom. Through the analysis, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology and its affiliated hospitals published the largest number of the publications. Moreover, the highly productive journals including Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine and The Lancet covered eight major fields, such as medicine, medical virology, radiation medicine, infectious disease, and traditional Chinese medicine. Besides, a total of 35 special COVID-19 funds were recently established to subsidize these studies. The key words and themes analysis indicated that protein structure of COVID-19, receptor targets and mechanisms of action, integration of traditional Chinese and Western medicine, screening and development of antiviral drugs from traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine, vaccine research as well as epidemiological characteristics and prediction are current study hotspots. This study provides a reference for researchers to rapidly master main study directions of COVID-19 and screen out relevant literatures.

[Development of whole process quality control and management system of traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces based on traditional Chinese medicine quality tree].

The whole process quality control and management of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) decoction pieces is a system engineering, involving the base environment, seeds and seedlings, harvesting, processing and other multiple steps, so the accurate identification of factors in TCM production process that may induce the quality risk, as well as reasonable quality control measures are very important. At present, the concept of quality risk is mainly concentrated in the aspects of management and regulations, etc. There is no comprehensive analysis on possible risks in the quality control process of TCM decoction pieces, or analysis summary of effective quality control schemes. A whole process quality control and management system for TCM decoction pieces based on TCM quality tree was proposed in this study. This system effectively combined the process analysis method of TCM quality tree with the quality risk management, and can help managers to make real-time decisions while realizing the whole process quality control of TCM. By providing personalized web interface, this system can realize user-oriented information feedback, and was convenient for users to predict, evaluate and control the quality of TCM. In the application process, the whole process quality control and management system of the TCM decoction pieces can identify the related quality factors such as base environment, cultivation and pieces processing, extend and modify the existing scientific workflow according to their own production conditions, and provide different enterprises with their own quality systems, to achieve the personalized service. As a new quality management model, this paper can provide reference for improving the quality of Chinese medicine production and quality standardization.

[Effect of nitrogen supply on biomass accumulating and root respiration dynamic changing of Glycyrrhiza uralensis].

This paper aimed to study the effect nitrogen supplying on biomass accumulation and root respiration dynamic change of Glycyrrhiza uralensis and reveal the metabolic pathway of root respiration impact the biomass accumulating of G. uralensis. Six groups of one-year-old G. uralensis were fertilized with total nutrition containing various nitrogen concentration (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 mmol x L(-1)) every week. At the end of every month, from June to October, the volume respiration rate and biomass of different classes of root samples were determined, and the correlation between root respiration and biomass was analyzed. The results indicated a negative correlation between volume respiration rate and biomass, nitrogen supply significantly affected both root respiration and biomass of G. uralensis by reducing root respiration and increasing root biomass. Under 8 mmol x L(-1) nitrogen supplying, there existed the optimal inhibition of root respiration, which has increased biomass of G. uralensis.

[Study on Dendrobium loddigesii Rolfes from different regions and harvest periods by FTIR].

Infrared Spectroscopy (IR) integrated with two dimensional correlation infrared spectroscopy (2DCOS IR) was employed to rapidly discriminate Dendrobium loddigesii Rolfes (DR) from different regions and harvesting periods. The results showed that the IR peaks around 1 035, 1 051, 1 078, 1 156, 1 500, 1 511 and 1 736 cm-1had perceptible differences among DRs from different regions, indicating that different DRs containing remarkable different compositions and contents of polysaccharides, ketones and esters. 2DCOS IR spectra of DRs from Vietnam, Yunnan, Guangxi, Guizhou each had seven, eight, eight, nine auto peaks, respectively; furthermore, DRs from Guagnxi had the strongest peak in 1 220 cm-1, which was distinguish to those of other DRs (980 cm -1). In the IR spectra of DRs from different harvest seasons, the wave number of key peaks in (1 034 approximately1 023)cm- 1, the wave number of minor peaks in (1 6174)cm-1, as well as the presence of peaks in 1 078(1 076, 1 079)cm-1, showed obvious periodic changes with the seasons, which indicated the accumulation of polysaccharides and ketones from DRs displayed an evident periodic variability discipline. The application of FTIR in DRs could facilitate acquiring their growth conditions, composition and content changes, which would be significant in rational exploitations and utilizations of DR

[Research and investigation in medicine of Baima Tibetan in Pingwu Sichuan].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate and collect medicinal resources and methods of prevention and treatment of diseases in Baima Tibetan of Pingwu Sichuan in order to rescue and protect the ethenological medicine. METHOD: Through visiting, field survey in four ethnic townships of Baima Tibetan in Pingwu Sichuan as well as referring literatures to collect information and data analysis of them the investigation was carried out. RESULT: The investigation area showed rich medical resources. Rheumatism, stomach disease, pharyngitis and trauma are local common diseases which caused by local climate, diet and life style and so on. The Baima Tibetan are good at using local herb singly and simply to treat disease, using cold water medicine and powder snuffing are their own characters. CONCLUSION: It is an extremely urgent issue to rescue Baima Tibetan medicine which is disappearing by the influence of the Han nationality culture.

[Simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorous removal under low DO in a hybrid biological reactor].

Study was conducted by use of the mixed organism of activated sludge and suspended biofilm coexisting in a hybrid biological reactor (HBR) system for simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorous removal. The experimental results showed that, DO and COD/TN were the main factors affected the effluent. The maximum phosphorous releasing rate (the rate of PO4(3-)-P concentration at releasing end to the initial PO4(3-)-P concentration) was 249%, TN removal efficiency was 80.0%, and PO4(3-)-P removal efficiency was 92.2% by controlling the aeration rate (Qair) at 0.07 m3/h. TN and PO4(3-)-P removal efficiency will be decreased, whenever aeration rate increasing or decreasing. With the increasing of COD/TN, the TN and PO4(3-)-P removal efficiency was increased. TN removal efficiency was increased from 70.3% to 84.9%, and PO4(3- -P removal efficiency was increased from 82.2% to 96.0%, when COD/TN was increased from 3.2 to 10.5. The SVI of the activated sludge was less than 90 mL/g during the experiments. It was found during the research process that high phosphorus and nitrogen removal efficiency can be simultaneous achieved without anaerobic and anoxic phase, which was conventionally considered as a key phase for phosphorus and nitrogen removal.

[Effect of aqueous extracts on seed germination and seedling growth between Glycyrrhiza uralensis and Caragana microphylla].

OBJECTIVE: To study the interspecies allelopathy of Glycyrrhiza uralensis and Caragana microphylla and reveal the relationship between different interactions and provided the theory reference for their application of compounding planting pattern in practice. METHOD: Water extracts of G. uralensis and C. microphylla root, stem and leaf were used to dispose mutual seeds, young seedlings and transplants. RESULT: The germination of G. uralensis seed wasn't restrained significantly by the water extract of C. microphylla root, stem and leaf (1-50 g x L(-1)). However, the inhibitory effect of a high concentration water extract of C. microphylla stem and leaf (50 g x L(-1) was stronger. There wasnt significant difference in the effect of the water extract of C. microphylla cast, root and stem on the growth and quality of G. uralensis transplant. Moreover, the water extract of G. uralensis root, stem and leaf can improve the germination of C. microphylla seeds and the growth of seedlings, while its effective extent didn't reach an obvious different level. CONCLUSION: There exists no significant difference between the interspecies allelopathy of G. uralensis and C. microphylla.

[The comparative study on morphology and polysaccharides content of Dendrobium loddigesii from different habits].

The morphological characters and the polysaccharides content of Dendrobiam loddigesii from different habits were studied in this paper. The results showed that there were remarkable differences in morphology from five areas, such as stem height and diameter, laminae sizes and figures, amount of lateral bud, and texture of stem. The content of polysaccharides from sample of Xingyi and Anlong, Guizhou Province, respectively 22. 62% and 20. 96% , were higher than that of other areas. It can be preferentially choosed as good materal on commareial production.

[Effects of density on seedling growth and glycyrrhizinic acid content in Glycyrrhiza uralensis].

OBJECTIVE: To study the principle of interaction among individuals and populations in different Glycyrrhiza uralensis growth density. METHOD: The phenological characteristics, growth status, accumulation and distribution of biomass and glycyrrhizinic acid content of G. uralensis in different growth density were studied. RESULT: Density had effect on phenological characteristics and growth status of G. uralensis seedling. The fast growing period of plant was advanced with the increase of the density, while the duration of fast growing period was decreased. Individual biomass decreased with the increase of the density, while population biomass increased. Biomass proportion of root, stem and leaf in individual were 65.02%, 19.55% and 15.43% respectively. Their relative standard deviations were 0.57, 0.49 and 0.76 respectively. Glycyrrhizinic acid content was 0.52% -0.59% under low density and 0.29% under high density. CONCLUSION: The result showed that the density G. uralensis had a negative correlation with the shooting time of offshoot and underground stem, leaflet number, growth of plant height and diameter at ground, root head diameter, lateral root number, individual root and branch-leaf number, individual biomass and glycyrrhizinic acid content and a positive correlation with the population biomass.

[The comparison of different processing methods of Dendrobium loddigesii].

OBJECTIVE: To study the 4 different processing methods of Dendrobium loddigesii. and find a optimal method. METHODS: Drying in the shade, fire drying at different temperature, twist and fire drying, to scald by boiling water then twist and fire drying were used to process D. loddigesii and determined the content of polysaccharide after processed. RESULTS: The rate of dryed medical material was about 36%, and the content of polysaccharide was 16.39% which was scald by boiling water then twist and fire drying was higher than others. CONCLUSION: The method scald by boiling water then twist and fire drying is good for medical materials dried and the remaining of active component. It provide a scientific evidence to Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2005 and offer quantization index to the processing of Dendrobium loddigesii.

[The underground part growth distribution pattern of Glycyrrhiza uralensis and its effects on glycyrrhizinic acid content].

OBJECTIVE: To ascertain the relationship between glycyrrhizinic acid content and the underground part growth character of Glycyrrhiza uralensis and provide the theoretical evidence for wild resources protection and artificial cultivation method of G. uralensis. METHOD: Through the analytical investigation on the underground part of G. uralensis and analysis of glycyrrhizinic acid content in different organs, parts, ages, and diameter medicinal materials, the systematic study on the relationship between glycyrrhizinic acid content and the underground part growth character of glycyrrhiza uralensis was carried out. RESULT: The underground part of a G. uralensis seedling consisted of seed root, random root, horizontal underground stem, vertical underground stem and assimilating root. The glycyrrhizinic acid content in horizontal underground stem with the age below two years old or in random root with the diameter below 0.5 cm was low. The difference of glycyrrhizinic acid content among horizontal underground stem, random root and vertical underground stem was obvious, but the difference between horizontal underground stem and random root was not obvious. CONCLUSION: The horizontal underground stem was of G. uralnesis acts as a link that can connect random root, vertical underground and stem assimilating root, so that the whole underground part constructs one huge underground net system. The glycyrrhizinic acid accumulation is a effected by organ type, growth age, root diameter and grow position, and the distribution pattern of random root and vertical underground stem has influence on glycyrrhizinic acid distribution in horizontal underground stem.