Effects of substituting agro-industrial by-products for soybean meal on beef cattle feed utilization and rumen fermentation.

The purpose of the present investigation was to detect the effect of replacement of soybean meal (SBM) with citric waste fermented yeast waste (CWYW) as an alternative protein source of portentous substances in a concentrate mixture diet of beef cattle on intake, digestibility, ruminal fermentation, plasma urea-nitrogen, energy partitioning, and nitrogen balance. Four Thai-native beef bulls (170 ± 10.0 kg of initial body weight) were randomly allocated to a 4 × 4 Latin square design. The dietary treatments were four levels of CWYW replacing SBM in a concentrated diet at ratios of 0, 33, 67, and 100%. SBM was added to the concentrate diet at a dose of 150 g/kg DM. All cattle were offered ad libitum rice straw and the concentrate diet at 5 g/kg of body weight. The study was composed of four periods, each lasting for 21 days. The findings demonstrated that there was no difference in total dry matter intake, nutritional intake, or digestibility between treatments (p > 0.05). When CWYW replaced SBM at 100% after 4 h of feeding, ruminal pH, ammonia nitrogen, plasma urea nitrogen, and bacterial population were highest (p < 0.05). Volatile fatty acids and energy partitioning were not different (p > 0.05) among dietary treatments. Urinary nitrogen excretion was greatest (p < 0.05) for cattle fed CWYW to replace SBM at 100% of the concentrate. However, nitrogen absorption and retention for Thai-native cattle were similar (p > 0.05) among treatments. In conclusion, CWYW may be utilized as a substitute for SBM as a source of protein in Thai-native beef cattle without having an adverse impact on feed utilization, rumen fermentation characteristics, or blood metabolites.

Feed utilization efficiency and ruminal metabolites in beef cattle fed with cassava pulp fermented yeast waste replacement soybean meal.

The purpose of this study was to see how substituting cassava pulp fermented yeast waste (CSYW) for soybean meal (SBM) in a concentrate affected feed intake, digestibility, and rumen fermentation in Thai native beef cattle. In this study, four male Thai native beef cattle with an average age of 15.0 ± 25.0 months and body weights of 140 ± 5.0 kg were used. The experimental design was a 4 × 4 Latin squared design, with dietary treatments of CSYW replacing SBM at 0, 33, 67, and 100% in the concentrate mixture. It was discovered that the presence of CSYW had no negative impact on feed intake, nutritional intake, or apparent digestibility (p > 0.05). CSYW had no significant effects on ruminal pH or temperature (p > 0.05). When the amount of CSYW in the diet increased, the rumen ammonia-nitrogen concentration increased (p < 0.05). Blood urea nitrogen was not affected by CSYW (p > 0.05). The total bacterial population increased when the diet's CSYW amount was increased (p < 0.05). Feeding CSYW to beef cattle had no influence on total volatile fatty acid, acetic acid (C2), or butyric acid (C4) proportions (p > 0.05). The concentration of propionic acid (C3) and the C2:C3 ratio increased when the amount of CSYW in the diet was increased (p < 0.05). In conclusion, CSYW can completely replace SBM in a concentrate diet for beef cattle with no adverse effects on feed utilization or rumen fermentation while the total bacterial population and C3 concentration increase.

Effect of feeding a pellet diet containing high sulphur with fresh cassava root supplementation on feed use efficiency, ruminal characteristics and blood metabolites in Thai native beef cattle.

The objective of this experiment was to study the effect of feeding pellet containing high sulphur (PELFUR) diet and fresh cassava root (FCR) to Thai native beef cattle on feed use efficiency, ruminal characteristics and blood metabolites. Four male purebred Thai native beef cattle (1.5-2.0 years old) with initial body weight (BW) of 150 ± 15.0 kg were allocated with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Factor A was FCR supplementation at 15 and 20 g/kg of BW. Factor B was the sulphur level in the PELFUR ration at 15 and 30 g/kg of dry matter (DM). No interaction effect was found among FCR supplementation and PELFUR in terms of feed intake and nutrient intake (p > 0.05). Cyanide intake was significantly increased based on FCR supplementation (p < 0.05), whereas sulphur intake was increased by level addition of PELFUR levels (p < 0.05). There were interaction effects among FCR supplementation and PELFUR on digestibility coefficients of DM and organic matter (OM) (p < 0.05). FCR supplementation at 20 g/kg BW with PELFUR 30 g/kg demonstrated the highest digestibility of DM and OM. Moreover, interactions were observed between FCR and PELFUR for bacterial populations (p < 0.01). The populations of bacteria were highest in FCR supplementation at 20 g/kg BW with PELFUR 30 g/kg at various feeding times. An interaction effect from among feeding FCR with PELFUR was found on blood thiocyanate concentrations at various feeding times (p < 0.01). The highest mean values of blood thiocyanate were observed when feeding FCR at 20 g/kg BW with PELFUR at 30 g/kg. No interaction effect was found between FCR and PELFUR on total volatile fatty acids (VFA) and their profiles (p > 0.05). However, the proportions of the total VFA at 0 and 4 h post-feeding were increased when FCR at 20 g/kg BW was supplemented (p < 0.01). FCR at 20 g/kg BW could enhance propionate (C3) at 4 h post-feeding when compared with FCR at 15 g/kg BW (p < 0.01). Moreover, supplementation of PELFUR at 30 g/kg increased the total VFA at 0 and 4 h post-feeding, whereas the concentration of C3 at 4 h post-feeding was enhanced (p < 0.05). However, no significant changes were found for any parameters among treatments and between the main effect of FCR and PELFUR supplementation (p > 0.05). In conclusion, feeding of two combinations (FCR 20 g/kg BW with PELFUR 30 g/kg) could promote the nutrient digestibility, the bacterial populations and the rate of disappearance of cyanide without having any adverse effect on rumen fermentation.