RESUMEN
The present study investigates the adsorption of the three-phase emulsion on various solid/water interfaces. Vesicles can be used as emulsifiers in the three-phase emulsions and act as an independent phase unlike the surfactant used in conventional emulsions; therefore, it is expected that the three-phase emulsion formed by the adhesion of vesicles to the oil/water interface will adsorb on various solid/water interfaces. The cationic three-phase emulsion was prepared to encourage emulsion adsorption on negatively charged solid substrates in water. The emulsifier polyoxyethylene-(10) hydrogenated castor oil was rendered cationic by mixing with the surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and then used to prepare the cationic three-phase emulsion of hexadecane-in-water. Three solid substrates (silicon, glass, and copper) were dipped in the cationic emulsion and the emulsion was found to adsorb on the solid substrates while maintaining its structure. The amount of hexadecane adsorbed on the various surfaces was investigated by gas chromatography and found to increase with increasing hexadecane concentration in the emulsion and eventually plateaued just like molecular adsorption. The maximum surface coverage of the emulsion on the substrates was approximately 80%. However, even the equivalent nonionic three-phase emulsion was found to adsorb on the three solid surfaces. This was attributed to a novel mechanism of irreversible adhesion via the van der Waals attractive force.
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Emulsiones/química , Adsorción , Alcanos/química , Aceite de Ricino/análogos & derivados , Aceite de Ricino/química , Cetrimonio , Compuestos de Cetrimonio/química , Cromatografía de Gases , Cobre , Vidrio , Siliconas , Propiedades de Superficie , Tensoactivos/química , Agua/químicaRESUMEN
The impact of coffee and green tea consumption on upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) cancer risk has not been established. Evaluation of the possible anticarcinogenic properties of their ingredients is confounded by the potential increase in risk owing to the high temperatures at which these beverages are generally consumed. We conducted a case-control study to evaluate the association between coffee and tea consumption and the risk of UADT cancer. The study enrolled 961 patients with UADT cancer and 2,883 noncancer outpatients who visited Aichi Cancer Center between 2001 and 2005. Information on coffee and green tea consumption and other lifestyle factors was collected via a self-administered questionnaire. Consumption of three or more cups of coffee per day had a significant inverse association with UADT cancer [odds ratio (OR) 0.73, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.55-0.96]. In contrast, consumption of three or more cups of green tea per day had a significant positive association with UADT cancer (OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.13-1.70). These associations were evident for head and neck cancer but not for esophageal cancer. The association of coffee consumption with head and neck cancer was observed only among never smokers and alcohol drinkers. Similarly, the association of green tea consumption was observed among never smokers and never alcohol drinkers. No change in these associations was seen on stratification by each confounding factors. These findings suggest that consumption of coffee might be associated with a decreased risk of UADT cancer, whereas that of green tea might be associated with an increased risk.
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Café/efectos adversos , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/epidemiología , Té/efectos adversos , Adulto , Anciano , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Femenino , Humanos , Japón , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores de Riesgo , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
A human aldose reductase-like protein, AKR1B10 in the aldo-keto reductase (AKR) superfamily, was recently identified as a tumor marker of several types of cancer. Tolrestat, an aldose reductase inhibitor (ARI), is known to be the most potent inhibitor of the enzyme. In this study, we compared the inhibitory effects of other ARIs including flavonoids on AKR1B10 and aldose reductase to evaluate their specificity. However, ARIs showed lower inhibitory potency for AKR1B10 than for aldose reductase. In the search for potent and selective inhibitors of AKR1B10 from other drugs used clinically, we found that non-steroidal antiinflammatory N-phenylanthranilic acids, diclofenac and glycyrrhetic acid competitively inhibited AKR1B10, showing K(i) values of 0.35-2.9 microM and high selectivity to this enzyme (43-57 fold versus aldose reductase). Molecular docking studies of mefenamic acid and glycyrrhetic acid in the AKR1B10-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP(+)) complex and site-directed mutagenesis of the putative binding residues suggest that the side chain of Val301 and a hydrogen-bonding network among residues Val301, Gln114 and Ser304 are important for determining the inhibitory potency and selectivity of the non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs. Thus, the potent and selective inhibition may be related to the cancer chemopreventive roles of the drugs, and their structural features may facilitate the design of new anti-cancer agents targeting AKR1B10.
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Aldehído Reductasa/antagonistas & inhibidores , Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/farmacología , Biomarcadores de Tumor/antagonistas & inhibidores , Fenamatos/farmacología , Ácido Glicirretínico/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Aldo-Ceto Reductasas , Aminoácidos/química , Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/química , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/química , Diclofenaco/química , Diclofenaco/farmacología , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/química , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/farmacología , Fenamatos/química , Flavonoides/química , Flavonoides/farmacología , Ácido Glicirretínico/química , Humanos , Ácido Mefenámico/química , Ácido Mefenámico/farmacología , Mutación , NADP/química , Extractos Vegetales/química , Especificidad por SustratoRESUMEN
No observational study has examined whether cancer-related biomarkers are associated with diet in Japanese. We therefore assessed sex-specific food and nutrient intakes according to serum IGF-I, IGF-II, IGFBP-3, TGF-b1, total SOD activity and sFas levels, under a cross-sectional study of 10,350 control subjects who answered the food frequency questionnaire in the first-wave nested case-control study within the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study. For both men and women, IGF-I levels were associated with higher intakes of milk, fruits, green tea, calcium and vitamin C. IGF-II levels were associated with higher intakes of milk, yogurt, fruits and miso soup, and lower intakes of rice, coffee and carbohydrate. IGFBP-3 levels were associated with higher intakes of milk, yogurt, fruits and vitamin C, and lower intakes of rice, energy, protein, carbohydrate, sodium and polyunsaturated fatty acids. TGF-b1 levels were associated with lower intakes of coffee intakes, and higher intakes of miso soup and sodium. Total SOD activity levels were associated with lower intakes of most nutrients other than energy, carbohydrate, iron, copper, manganese, retinol equivalents, vitamin A, B2, B12, niacin, folic acid, vitamin C and fish fat. sFas levels were associated with higher intakes of manganese and folic acids. The results of the present study should help to account for findings on those biomarkers regarding risks of cancer and other lifestyle-related diseases in terms of dietary confounding as causality.
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Dieta , Proteína 3 de Unión a Factor de Crecimiento Similar a la Insulina/sangre , Factor II del Crecimiento Similar a la Insulina/metabolismo , Factor I del Crecimiento Similar a la Insulina/metabolismo , Superóxido Dismutasa/sangre , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta1/sangre , Receptor fas/sangre , Adulto , Anciano , Biomarcadores/sangre , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Estudios de Cohortes , Estudios Transversales , Suplementos Dietéticos , Femenino , Humanos , Japón , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pronóstico , Superóxido Dismutasa-1RESUMEN
Dietary intake of fish rich in n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs), such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), has been proposed to decrease cancer risk. In contrast to results from laboratory studies, however, protective effects for breast cancer have proved equivocal in epidemiological studies. In the present case-control study, we examined associations between breast cancer risk and fatty acid compositions in erythrocyte membranes as biomarkers for those intakes. Dietary information and blood samples were collected from 103 incident breast cancer cases and 309 non-cancer controls (matched by age and season) and erythrocyte fatty acids were measured using accelerated solvent extraction and gas-liquid chromatography. Dietary intake of n-3 HUFAs demonstrated a negative association with risk (the highest to the lowest tertile, odds ratio (OR), 0.51; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.27-0.98; p(trend)<0.05), but there was no association with those of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and meat. Moreover, risk was inversely associated with erythrocyte compositions of EPA (OR, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.14-0.53; p(trend)<0.0001), DHA (OR, 0.06; 95% CI, 0.02-0.16; p(trend)<0.0001) and n-3 HUFAs (OR, 0.11; 95% CI, 0.05-0.24; p(trend)<0.0001), and positively with that of SFAs (OR, 12.29; 95% CI, 4.94-30.57; p(trend)<0.0001) and the ratio of SFAs/n-3 HUFAs (OR, 14.65; 95% CI, 5.67-37.82; p(trend)<0.0001). In conclusion, we showed that erythrocyte compositions of specific fatty acids derived from fish intake, as biomarkers, are associated with lower risk of breast cancer, but further studies are needed to investigate mechanisms linked to the etiology.
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Neoplasias de la Mama/epidemiología , Eritrocitos/química , Ácidos Grasos Omega-3/análisis , Adulto , Índice de Masa Corporal , Neoplasias de la Mama/sangre , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Ácidos Grasos Omega-3/administración & dosificación , Femenino , Humanos , Japón/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Análisis Multivariante , Oportunidad Relativa , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
Coffee has become a popular beverage worldwide. Caffeine, a major ingredient of coffee, has been proposed to have a favorable affect on the modulation of circulating estrogen levels and therefore may be of importance in developments on hormone-related cancers. However, epidemiological evidence is limited and inconsistent. We examined the relationship between intake of coffee and hormone-related cancer risk among Japanese women using data from the hospital-based epidemiological research program at Aichi Cancer Center (HERPACC). In total, 2122 breast, 229 endometrial and 166 ovarian cancer cases were included, and 12 425 women, confirmed as free of cancer, were recruited as the control group. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were determined by multiple logistic regression analysis. A statistically significant inverse association between risk of endometrial cancer and coffee consumption was noted in Japanese women, with no clear association evident for breast and ovarian cancer risk. Compared to non-drinker, the OR of daily drinking of 1-2 cups and 3 or more cups per day for endometrial cancer were 0.64 (95% CI: 0.43-0.94) and 0.41 (95% CI: 0.19-0.87), respectively, and the linear trend was also statistically significant (P < 0.01). However, there was no statistically significant association between caffeine intake and endometrial cancer. In summary, the results of the present study suggest that coffee consumption reduces the risk of endometrial cancer in Japanese subjects. Given the scarcity of studies of coffee intake and endometrial cancer and other hormone-dependent cancer risk, additional investigations are warranted.
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Café , Neoplasias Endometriales/prevención & control , Neoplasias Hormono-Dependientes/prevención & control , Adulto , Anciano , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Intervalos de Confianza , Ingestión de Líquidos , Neoplasias Endometriales/epidemiología , Neoplasias Endometriales/etiología , Femenino , Humanos , Japón/epidemiología , Modelos Logísticos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Análisis Multivariante , Neoplasias Hormono-Dependientes/epidemiología , Neoplasias Hormono-Dependientes/etiología , Oportunidad Relativa , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
Consumption of fish rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), such as docosahexaenoic acid, is suggested to reduce colorectal cancer risk through inhibition of the arachidonic acid (AA) cascade related to tumorigenesis and cell proliferation. High intake of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) may increase the risk. To examine associations between colorectal cancer risk and fatty acid compositions in erythrocyte membranes, as biomarkers for dietary intakes of fish, fat, and fatty acids, we conducted a case-control study with 74 incident cases and 221 noncancer controls (matched by age, sex, and season of sample collection). Erythrocyte fatty acids were measured using an accelerated solvent extraction and a gas-liquid chromatography. Colorectal cancer had no association with dietary intakes of meat, fish, fat, and fatty acids. However, the risk was inversely associated with erythrocyte compositions of docosahexaenoic acid, AA, and PUFAs [the highest to the lowest tertile, odds ratios, 0.36, 0.42, and 0.15; 95% confidence intervals, 0.14-0.93, 0.18-0.95, and 0.05-0.46; P(trend) < 0.05, respectively] and positively with those of palmitic acid, SFAs, and the ratio of SFAs/PUFAs (odds ratios, 6.46, 8.20, and 9.45; 95% confidence intervals, 2.41-17.26, 2.86-23.52, and 2.84-31.43; P(trend) < 0.005, respectively). In conclusion, we could clearly show decreased and increased risks for colorectal cancer related to PUFAs and SFAs compositions in erythrocyte membranes, respectively, but further research is needed to investigate the discrepancy between our findings and the generally accepted role of the AA cascade.
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Biomarcadores de Tumor/sangre , Neoplasias Colorrectales/epidemiología , Grasas de la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Ingestión de Alimentos , Membrana Eritrocítica/metabolismo , Ácidos Grasos/administración & dosificación , Alimentos Marinos , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Ácido Araquidónico/administración & dosificación , Ácido Araquidónico/sangre , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Cromatografía de Gases , Neoplasias Colorrectales/sangre , Neoplasias Colorrectales/prevención & control , Grasas de la Dieta/sangre , Ácidos Docosahexaenoicos/administración & dosificación , Ácidos Docosahexaenoicos/sangre , Ácido Eicosapentaenoico/administración & dosificación , Ácido Eicosapentaenoico/sangre , Membrana Eritrocítica/efectos de los fármacos , Ácidos Grasos/sangre , Ácidos Grasos Monoinsaturados/administración & dosificación , Ácidos Grasos Monoinsaturados/sangre , Ácidos Grasos Insaturados/administración & dosificación , Ácidos Grasos Insaturados/sangre , Femenino , Humanos , Japón , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Oportunidad Relativa , Factores de Riesgo , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
Several intervention trials and prospective studies have reported that beta-carotene supplementation is not associated with a decreased risk of several cancers among smokers and drinkers, and that it may even have adverse effects in these groups. The relationship between dietary antioxidant intake and the risk of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has been examined intensively, but little is known about the effects of antioxidants on HNSCC with respect to smoking and drinking habits. Here, we conducted a case-control study of 385 histologically confirmed cases of HNSCC (193 oral, 132 pharyngeal and 60 laryngeal), excluding nasal and paranasal cancer, and 1925 age-matched and sex-matched cancer-free outpatient controls using data from the Hospital-based Epidemiologic Research Program at Aichi Cancer Center, Japan. The intake of nutrients and food groups was assessed with a food frequency questionnaire, and multivariate-adjusted odds ratios for cancer were estimated for smoking and drinking habits using logistic models. The results showed an overall inverse association between the intake of dietary antioxidants, including carotene, and vitamins C and E, and risk of HNSCC. The protective effect of these antioxidants was seen in both men and women. High consumption of antioxidants was associated with a decreased risk of HNSCC among smokers, drinkers and those with both smoking and drinking habits. These findings suggest that dietary antioxidant intake prevents HNSCC in smokers and drinkers.
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Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas , Antioxidantes/administración & dosificación , Conducta Alimentaria , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/epidemiología , Fumar , Adulto , Anciano , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Dieta , Femenino , Humanos , Neoplasias Laríngeas/epidemiología , Estilo de Vida , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias de la Boca/epidemiología , Neoplasias Faríngeas/epidemiología , Riesgo , Encuestas y CuestionariosAsunto(s)
Dieta , Neoplasias/prevención & control , Sistema de Registros/estadística & datos numéricos , Estudios de Cohortes , Recolección de Datos/normas , Humanos , Cooperación Internacional , Neoplasias/epidemiología , Preparaciones de Plantas , Sistema de Registros/normas , Proyectos de Investigación , VerdurasRESUMEN
The present study identified dietary sources of fat, fatty acids, and cholesterol in Koreans residing in and near Seoul. The study also identified foods to be included in a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) by both contribution analysis (CA) and multiple regression analysis (MRA). Three-day dietary records were collected from 224 subjects (107 men and 117 women) aged 30 to 85 years. Pork was the main source of total fat and the largest contributor to saturated fatty acids (SFA) was beef. MRA identified animal food as the primary source of between-person variance for SFA. Arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid originated primarily from marine products. About a fourth of the total cholesterol intake was derived from chickens' eggs by CA, while chickens' eggs accounted for 46% of the cholesterol intake for between-person variance by MRA. With 10 food items, the FFQ could explain more than half of total intakes except for total fat and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and at least 65% of between-person variances. The percentage coverage in the FFQ ranged from 61% for n-6 PUFA and linoleic acid and to 90% for arachidonic acid. The value of this FFQ is that it can estimate usual dietary food patterns and nutrient intake in Koreans for epidemiological studies. It can also potentially be used to study the relationship between specific diseases and nutrient intakes of interest.
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Colesterol en la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Encuestas sobre Dietas , Grasas de la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Ácidos Grasos/administración & dosificación , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Animales , Colesterol en la Dieta/análisis , Registros de Dieta , Grasas de la Dieta/análisis , Ácidos Grasos/análisis , Ácidos Grasos Insaturados/administración & dosificación , Ácidos Grasos Insaturados/análisis , Femenino , Análisis de los Alimentos , Humanos , Corea (Geográfico) , Masculino , Carne , Persona de Mediana Edad , Análisis de Regresión , Alimentos Marinos , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the relationship between polymorphisms of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T or A1298C and the response to fluoropyrimidine (5-FU)-based chemotherapy in advanced stomach cancer (SC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>75 cases with advanced SC were analyzed. All patients were treated with 5-FU-based chemotherapy and DNA of peripheral blood leukocytes was obtained before therapy. MTHFR genotypes were detected by PCR-RFLP method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) Of all the cases, the frequencies of MTHFR C677T C/C, C/T and T/T genotype were 32.0%, 44.0% and 24.0%, while the frequencies of MTHFR A1298C A/A, A/C and C/C genotype were 69.3%, 29.3% and 1.3%, respectively. The overal response rate to 5-FU-based chemotherapy was 29.3%. (2) The response rate to therapy among MTHFR C677T T/T genotype patients (83.3%) was significantly higher than the C677T C/T genotype (15.2%, chi(2) = 22.27, P = 0.000) or the C677T C/C genotype (8.3%, chi(2) = 23.44, P = 0.000). As compared with patients with C677T C allele, patients with C677T T/T genotype had a 7.64-fold sensitivity to 5-FU-based chemotherapy (adjusted for sex, age, prior adjuvant therapy and chemotherapy program, 95% CI: 3.14 - 18.62). The response rate to therapy among patients with MTHFR A1298C A/A genotype (36.5%) was significantly higher than patients with A1298C C allele (13.0%, chi(2) = 4.19, P = 0.041, adjusted OR = 3.75, 95% CI: 0.94 - 14.87). The response rate to therapy among patients with MTHFR C677T T/T and A1298C A/A genotypes (86.7%) was significantly higher than other groups of C677T and A1298C genotypes (15.0%, Fisher exact: P = 0.000, adjusted OR = 6.57, 95% CI: 2.8 - 15.6). (3) The incidence rates of nausea/vomiting in MTHFR C677T T/T, C/T or A1298C A/A genotypes were significantly higher than other genotypes, but the incidence rates of other treatment-related adverse reaction in MTHFR C677T or A1298C genotypes were not significantly different.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>These results in the present study suggested that the polymorphisms of MTHFR were associated with clinical response to 5-FU-based chemotherapy, suggesting that MTHFR genotypes could identify advanced SC patients that would be responsive to 5-FU-based chemotherapy.</p>
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Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Antimetabolitos Antineoplásicos , Usos Terapéuticos , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos , Genética , Fluorouracilo , Usos Terapéuticos , Genotipo , Metilenotetrahidrofolato Reductasa (NADPH2) , Genética , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Polimorfismo de Longitud del Fragmento de Restricción , Neoplasias Gástricas , QuimioterapiaRESUMEN
A cross-sectional study was conducted to clarify the associations of lifestyle factors (habitual exercise, alcohol intake and smoking habit) and plasma fatty acid (FA) concentrations as biomarkers of dietary FA intakes. We collected 7-d weighed diet records, lifestyle information and blood samples from 15 male and 79 female Japanese dietitians, and estimated dietary FA intakes and analyzed plasma FA concentrations. Plasma concentrations of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and (n-3) highly unsaturated FA (HUFA) derived from marine foods, but not linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid from plant origins, demonstrated positive correlations with dietary intakes (r = 0.303-0.602, P < 0.05) in both genders. Multiple linear regression analyses adjusted for age, BMI, total energy intake, fat (or respective FA) consumption and lifestyle factors showed that dietary intakes of EPA, DHA and (n-3) HUFA were positively associated with age in men (P < 0.05) and negatively associated with BMI in women [P < 0.01 for DHA and (n-3) HUFA]. The plasma concentrations of EPA, DHA and (n-3) HUFA in women were found to be positively associated with age and marine oil (or respective FA) intake (P < 0.01), and negatively associated with total energy intake [P < 0.05 for EPA and (n-3) HUFA]. Lifestyle factors were not associated with dietary FA intakes and plasma FA concentrations. These findings suggest that the plasma concentrations of EPA, DHA and (n-3) HUFA might be useful biomarkers for the assessment of relative FA intakes without considering associations with habitual exercise, alcohol intake and smoking habit.
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Grasas Insaturadas en la Dieta , Grasas de la Dieta , Ácidos Grasos Omega-3/sangre , Adulto , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas , Biomarcadores/sangre , Estatura , Índice de Masa Corporal , Peso Corporal , Estudios Transversales , Ingestión de Energía , Metabolismo Energético , Ejercicio Físico , Femenino , Humanos , Japón , Estilo de Vida , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , FumarRESUMEN
N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in fish oil exhibit a variety of health benefits, and there is evidence that they can inhibit the development of human lung mucoepidermoid and other carcinomas. To examine the hypothesis that fish consumption reduces the risk of lung cancer, we conducted a population-based prospective study, following 5,885 residents for 14 yr. Person-years were used to calculate the relative risk (RR) by the Cox proportional hazards model, with adjustment for potential confounding factors. A total of 51 incident lung cancer cases were observed, and we found linearly decreasing RRs for lung cancer with increased frequency of consumption of fish and shellfish (RRs = 1.00, 0.99, and 0.32, P for trend = 0.003) but not with intake of dried/salted fish. Decreased RRs were apparent with both broiling and boiling cooking methods, but reduction with raw and deep-fried fish consumption was not statistically significant. We conclude that frequent fresh fish consumption, irrespective of the cooking method, may reduce the risk of lung cancer.
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Dieta , Ácidos Grasos Omega-3/administración & dosificación , Neoplasias Pulmonares/epidemiología , Alimentos Marinos , Animales , Estudios de Cohortes , Culinaria/métodos , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Femenino , Peces , Humanos , Japón/epidemiología , Estudios Longitudinales , Neoplasias Pulmonares/mortalidad , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Modelos de Riesgos Proporcionales , Estudios Prospectivos , Riesgo , Factores de Riesgo , Factores Sexuales , Mariscos , Fumar/efectos adversos , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate interactions between lifestyle, methylanetetrahydrofolate reductase gene (MTHFR) and polymorphisms in the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of the thymidylate synthase gene (TS) with reference to development of stomach cancer (SC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We conducted a case-control study with 107 cases of SC and 200 population-based controls in Huaian city of Jiangsu province, China. TS genotypes were identified by polymerase chain reaction.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) The frequencies of TS genotypes (+6 bp/+6 bp, +6 bp/-6 bp and -6 bp/-6 bp) among the cases were 5.6%, 47.7% and 46.7% and among the controls were 9.0%, 54.0% and 37.0%, respectively. Individuals identified as -6 bp/-6 bp genotype had a slightly higher risk for SC than those individuals with +6 bp alleles (the crude OR = 1.49, 95% CI: 0.90 - 2.47; adjusted OR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.00 - 1.78, P = 0.047). (2) Individuals having TS -6 bp/-6 bp genotype and having smoking habit were at a significantly higher risk of developing SC (adjusted OR = 2.79, 95% CI: 1.51 - 5.18) compared with those who had +6 bp alleles with no smoking habit. Individuals having TS -6 bp/-6 bp genotype and habit of frequent alcohol drinking were at an increased risk of developing SC (adjusted OR = 1.76, 95% CI: 1.07 - 2.90) compared with those with +6 bp alleles and low consumption of alcohol. As compared with individuals with +6 bp alleles and who had habit of tea drinking, individuals who had TS -6 bp/-6 bp genotype and but without habit of tea drinking had an increased risk of developing SC (adjusted OR = 2.34, 95% CI: 1.43 - 3.82). (3) Individuals with TS -6 bp/-6 bp genotype and with MTHFR T alleles had an increased risk of developing SC (adjusted OR = 2.67, 95% CI: 1.07 - 6.70) compared with those with +6 bp alleles and with MTHRF C/C genotype.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Results in the present study suggested that there was a combined effect between lifestyle, MTHFR C/T or T/T genotype and TS -6 bp/-6 bp genotype in the development of SC.</p>
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Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas , Estudios de Casos y Controles , China , Epidemiología , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Estilo de Vida , Metilenotetrahidrofolato Reductasa (NADPH2) , Genética , Mutación Puntual , Polimorfismo Genético , Factores de Riesgo , Fumar , Neoplasias Gástricas , Epidemiología , Genética , Té , Química , Timidilato Sintasa , GenéticaRESUMEN
To evaluate interactions between lifestyle factors and glutathione-S-transferases M1 (GSTM1) and GSTT1 genotypes with reference to development of esophageal and stomach cancers, we conducted a case-control study of 141 cases of esophageal cancer, 153 cases of stomach cancer and 223 population-based controls in Huaian City of Jiangsu Province, China. GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes were identified by multiplex polymerase chain reaction. The GSTM1 null genotype was associated with an increased odds ratio for esophageal cancer (2.17, 95% confidence interval=1.35-3.50), but not for stomach cancer. A combined effect was also observed between smoking and the GSTM1 null genotype with regard to esophageal risk. Tea drinking was a protective factor for both cancers, its effect being independent of the GSTT1 and GSTM1 genotypes. These findings suggest the GSTM1 polymorphism is involved in the susceptibility to esophageal cancer development, and tea consumption reduces the risk of esophageal and stomach cancers.