RESUMEN
Increased oxidative damage is a prominent and early feature in Alzheimer disease. We previously crossed Alzheimer disease transgenic (APPsw) model mice with alpha-tocopherol transfer protein knock-out (Ttpa(-/-)) mice in which lipid peroxidation in the brain was significantly increased. The resulting double-mutant (Ttpa(-/-)APPsw) mice showed increased amyloid beta (Abeta) deposits in the brain, which was ameliorated with alpha-tocopherol supplementation. To investigate the mechanism of the increased Abeta accumulation, we here studied generation, degradation, aggregation, and efflux of Abeta in the mice. The clearance of intracerebral-microinjected (125)I-Abeta(1-40) from brain was decreased in Ttpa(-/-) mice to be compared with wild-type mice, whereas the generation of Abeta was not increased in Ttpa(-/-)APPsw mice. The activity of an Abeta-degrading enzyme, neprilysin, did not decrease, but the expression level of insulin-degrading enzyme was markedly decreased in Ttpa(-/-) mouse brain. In contrast, Abeta aggregation was accelerated in Ttpa(-/-) mouse brains compared with wild-type brains, and well known molecules involved in Abeta transport from brain to blood, low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP-1) and p-glycoprotein, were up-regulated in the small vascular fraction of Ttpa(-/-) mouse brains. Moreover, the disappearance of intravenously administered (125)I-Abeta(1-40) was decreased in Ttpa(-/-) mice with reduced translocation of LRP-1 in the hepatocytes. These results suggest that lipid peroxidation due to depletion of alpha-tocopherol impairs Abeta clearances from the brain and from the blood, possibly causing increased Abeta accumulation in Ttpa(-/-)APPsw mouse brain and plasma.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedad de Alzheimer/metabolismo , Péptidos beta-Amiloides/metabolismo , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Proteínas Portadoras/metabolismo , Tocoferoles/metabolismo , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/sangre , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/genética , Secretasas de la Proteína Precursora del Amiloide/metabolismo , Péptidos beta-Amiloides/genética , Péptidos beta-Amiloides/farmacocinética , Animales , Barrera Hematoencefálica/efectos de los fármacos , Barrera Hematoencefálica/metabolismo , Northern Blotting , Western Blotting , Encéfalo/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas Portadoras/genética , Suplementos Dietéticos , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ratones Noqueados , Ratones Transgénicos , alfa-Tocoferol/administración & dosificación , alfa-Tocoferol/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Increased oxidative damage is a prominent and early feature in Alzheimer disease (AD). However, whether it is a primary cause or merely a downstream consequence in AD pathology is still unknown. We previously generated alpha-tocopherol transfer protein knockout (Ttpa-/-) mice, in which lipid peroxidation in the brain was significantly increased by complete depletion of alpha-tocopherol (alpha-Toc). Here we crossed AD transgenic (APPsw) model mice (Tg2576) with Ttpa-/- mice. The resulting double-mutant (Ttpa-/- APPsw) mice showed earlier and more severe cognitive dysfunction in the Morris water maze, novel-object recognition, and contextual fear conditioning tests. They also showed increased amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta) deposits in the brain by immunohistochemical analysis, which was ameliorated with alpha-Toc supplementation. In this report we provide clear evidence indicating that chronic lipid peroxidation due to alpha-Toc depletion enhances AD phenotype in a mouse model.