Pregnancy thiamine and riboflavin intake and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: A prospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Thiamine and riboflavin deficiencies exist to varying degrees worldwide, especially in developing countries. Evidence regarding the association between thiamine and riboflavin intake and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is scarce. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to evaluate the association of thiamine and riboflavin intake during pregnancy, including dietary source and supplementation, with GDM risk in a prospective cohort study. METHODS: We included 3036 pregnant women (923 in the first trimester and 2113 in the second trimester) from the Tongji Birth Cohort. A validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and a lifestyle questionnaire were used to assess thiamine and riboflavin intake from dietary source and supplementation, respectively. GDM was diagnosed using the 75 g 2-h oral glucose tolerance test at 24-28 weeks of gestation. A modified Poisson regression or logistic regression model was used to evaluate the association between thiamine and riboflavin intake and GDM risk. RESULTS: Dietary intake of thiamine and riboflavin was at low levels during pregnancy. In the fully adjusted model, compared with participants in quartile 1 (Q1), those who had more total thiamine and riboflavin intake had a lower risk of GDM during the first trimester [thiamine: Q2: RR: 0.58 (95% CI: 0.34, 0.98); Q3: RR: 0.45 (95% CI: 0.24, 0.84); Q4: RR: 0.35 (95% CI: 0.17, 0.72), P for trend = 0.002; riboflavin: Q2: RR: 0.63 (95% CI: 0.37, 1.09); Q3: RR: 0.45 (95% CI: 0.24, 0.87); Q4: RR: 0.39 (95% CI: 0.19, 0.79), P for trend = 0.006]. This association was also observed during the second trimester. Similar results were observed for the association between thiamine and riboflavin supplement use but not dietary intake and GDM risk. CONCLUSIONS: Higher intake of thiamine and riboflavin during pregnancy is associated with a lower incidence of GDM. This trial was registered at http://www.chictr.org.cn as ChiCTR1800016908.

Postpartum dietary intake, depression and the concentration of docosahexaenoic acid in mature breast milk in Wuhan, China.

Background: Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6) is an important fatty acid in breast milk and is essential for infantile growth and cognitive development. However, the factors that affect the DHA concentration in breast milk have not been completely clarified. Objective: This study aimed to characterize the composition of breast milk fatty acids and to identify maternal factors associated with breast milk DHA concentration in postpartum women in Wuhan, China. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed milk fatty acids in 115 lactating women at 30-120 days postpartum using GC-MS. Maternal sociodemographic, health and other information were collected using a self-reported questionnaire. Maternal dietary intake information was collected through a 24-hour dietary recall method. Postpartum depression status was identified using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Results: The mean DHA proportion in breast milk was 0.49%. The multivariate regression model showed that the milk DHA proportion was positively associated with maternal aquatic product intake (ß = 0.183, 95%CI: 0.052, 0.314) and DHA supplement use (ß = 0.146, 95%CI: 0.108, 0.185), and negatively associated with postpartum depression status (ß = -0.122, 95%CI: -0.243, -0.002) after adjustment for several maternal and infant factors. Conclusion: Increasing maternal aquatic product intake and DHA supplement use and improving postpartum depression status may increase DHA concentration in breast milk in lactating women.

[Research progress of adverse reactions of traditional Chinese medicine injections].

Traditional Chinese medicine injections (TCMIs) originated in china, which was fast-acting with high bioavailability. TCMI is applied widely in clinic since it plays an important role for therapy severe and acute disease, such as cardiovascular diseases (CVD), infectious diseases, malignancy, and etc. However, the adverse reactions reported of TCMIs are increasing in recent years. For this, the review summarized systematically the reports and researches of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) of TCMIs according to about 100 literatures in the nearly five years. The ADR of TCMIs mainly includes allergic reaction, respiratory damage, digestive system damage, cardiovascular system damage and urinary system damage, and etc. The main causes are relative with complexity, uncertainty and instability of the drug material. Influence of excipients, pharmaceutical technologies, drug combination and application method was also discussed. There are many methods on adverse reactions of TCMIs, including descriptive studies, analytical epidemiology and experimental studies. This article provided necessary information for reasonable application of TCMIs in clinical practice.

[Comparison of green coffee beans volatiles chemical composition of Hainan main area].

Chemical component of Hainan green coffee beans was analyzed with solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and the discrepancy between two green coffee beans was differentiated through the spectrum database retrieval and retention index of compound characterization. The experimental results show that: the chemical composition of Wanning coffee beans and Chengmai coffee beans is basically the same. The quantity of analyzed compound in Wanning area coffee is 91, and in Chengmai area coffee is 106, the quantity of the same compound is 66, and the percent of the same component is 75.52%. The same compounds accounted for 89.86% of the total content of Wanning area coffee, and accounted for 85.70% of the total content of Chengmai area coffee.

A novel degraded sesquiterpene from the fresh stem of Aquilaria sinensis.

A novel degraded sesquiterpene, named aquilarin B (1), together with two known compounds (2 and 3), was isolated from the EtOH extract of the fresh stem of Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Gilg. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including 1D and 2D NMR (HMQC, (1)H-(1)H COSY, HMBC, and ROESY). The cytotoxic activities of the three compounds against three human tumor cell lines K562, SMMC-7721, and SGC-7901 were evaluated, and compound 3 exhibited obvious cytotoxic activity.