[Adsorption Properties of Magnetic Phosphorous Camellia Oleifera Shells Biochar to Sulfamethoxazole in Water].

Magnetic phosphorous biochar （MPBC） was prepared from Camellia oleifera shells using phosphoric acid activation and iron co-deposition. The materials were characterized and analyzed through scanning electron microscopy （SEM）， X-ray diffractometry （XRD）， specific surface area and pore size analysis （BET）， Fourier infrared spectroscopy （FT-IR）， and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）. MPBC had a high surface area （1 139.28 m2·g-1） and abundant surface functional groups， and it could achieve fast solid-liquid separation under the action of an external magnetic field. The adsorption behavior and influencing factors of sulfamethoxazole （SMX） in water were investigated. The adsorbent showed excellent adsorption properties for SMX under acidic and neutral conditions， and alkaline conditions and the presence of CO32- had obvious inhibition on adsorption. The adsorption process conformed to the quasi-second-order kinetics and Langmuir model. The adsorption rate was fast， and the maximum adsorption capacity reached 356.49 mg·g-1. The adsorption process was a spontaneous exothermic reaction， and low temperature was beneficial to the adsorption. The adsorption mechanism was mainly the chemisorption of pyrophosphate surface functional groups （C-O-P bond） between the SMX molecule and MPBC and also included hydrogen bonding， π-π electron donor-acceptor （π-πEDA） interaction， and a pore filling effect. The development of MPBC adsorbent provides an effective way for resource utilization of waste Camellia oleifera shells and treatment of sulfamethoxazole wastewater.

Engineered fabrication of EGCG-UV absorber conjugated nano-assemblies for antioxidative sunscreens with broad-band absorption.

Applying sunscreen is a common, convenient, and effective measure to protect skin from ultraviolet (UV) damage, but most of UV absorbers in the present commercially available sunscreens are accompanied with the insufficiencies in terms of efficacy and biosafety. The use of nanotechnology to combine conventional UV absorbers with biocompatible natural products is a feasible strategy to combat these deficiencies. Herein, a simple, green and engineering preparation of broad-band sunscreens was demonstrated by the molecular assembly of a UV absorber aminobenzoic acid (ABA) and polyphenol extracted from green tea (EGCG). Spherical and negatively-charged EGCG/ABA nanoparticles (EA NPs) were simply synthesized with a wide range of particle size from 54.6 to 715.1 nm. These NPs had the satisfactory biocompatibility and antioxidative activity, and could protect fibroblasts from oxidative-stress damage. The formulations containing 10 wt% EA NPs further exhibited broad-spectrum UV absorption and lower UV transmittance than commercial sunscreens. It is believed that this study would spur the utilization of natural reproducible sources for developing biosafe sunscreens with strong anti-UV capability. Indeed, this simple nanotechnology aimed at tackling the biosafe risk of conventional UV absorbers provides a feasible solution strategy with green tea extracts.

[Effect and signal transduction mechanism of active components of Buyang Huanwu Decoction on vascular adhesion molecule expression].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect and possible cell signal transduction mechanism of active components (alkaloids and glucosides) of Buyang Huanwu Decoction (BHD) on the vascular adhesion molecule (VAM) expression induced by thrombin (Thr). METHODS: (1) Endothelial cells (ECV-304) were cultured in vitro and stimulated by Thr, then cultured in media containing BHD whole recipe (BHDw), its alkaloids (BHDa) or glycosides (BHDg), respectively. The expressions of E-selectin, CD31, CD54, and protein Kinase Calpha PKCa) were detected by immunocytochemical method. (2) Cultured ECV-304 cells were treated with Thr, Thr + 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-mythylpiperazine dihydrochloride (H7), phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), PMA + H7, Thr + cathepsin-6 (CATG) as well as Thr plus BHDw, BHDa, and BHDg, respectively after then, changes of PKCalpha, phospho-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p-p38MAPK), phospho-extracellular signal regulated kinase (p-ERK) and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) expressions were observed. RESULTS: (1) Expressions of PECAM-1, ICAM-1 and E-selectin in ECV-304 cells were significantly enhanced after thrombin stimulation (P < 0.05). When compared with the thrombin group, the three expressions were lower in the BHDw treated group (P < 0.05); while in groups treated with BHDa and BHDg, only expressions of PECAM-1 and ICAM-1 were lower (P < 0.05), but no obvious difference in E-selectin was shown. (2) Expression of endothelial PKCalpha increased after thrombin stimulation (P < 0.01), which could be enhanced by PMA (PKC activator, P < 0.01); but inhibited by PMA + H7 (PKC inhibitor), CATG (PAR-1 inhibitor, P < 0.05) as well as by BHDw, BHDa and BHDg (P < 0.05). (3) Expressions of p-p38 MAPK and p-ERK in ECV-304 cells showed no remarkable change after thrombin stimulation, or after reacted with PMA, H7, CATG, BHDw, BHDa and BHDg. (4) Similar to that of p-p38MAPK and p-ERK, NF-kappaB was unchanged in all the reactions. CONCLUSIONS: BHD could down-regulate the increasing of VAM expression induced by thrombin in VECs; BHDa and BHDg might be the active components in the recipe. The effect of thrombin is mainly mediated through activation of PKC; while p-p38MAPK, ERK or NF-kappaB are not the chief signal transduction pathways. And BHD and its effective components may antagonize the thrombin activation on VECs through inhibiting the activation of PKCalpha.