Coffee Consumption and Incidence of Cardiovascular and Microvascular Diseases in Never-Smoking Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

The relationship between coffee consumption and diabetes-related vascular complications remains unclear. To eliminate confounding by smoking, this study assessed the relationships of coffee consumption with major cardiovascular disease (CVD) and microvascular disease (MVD) in never-smokers with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Included were 9964 never-smokers with T2DM from the UK Biobank without known CVD or cancer at baseline (7781 were free of MVD). Participants were categorized into four groups according to daily coffee consumption (0, 0.5-1, 2-4, ≥5 cups/day). CVD included coronary heart disease (CHD), myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and heart failure (HF). MVD included retinopathy, peripheral neuropathy, and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidential intervals (CIs) of total CVD and MVD and the component outcomes associated with coffee consumption. During a median of 12.7 years of follow-up, 1860 cases of CVD and 1403 cases of MVD were identified. Coffee intake was nonlinearly and inversely associated with CVD (P-nonlinearity = 0.023) and the component outcomes. Compared with no coffee intake, HRs (95% CIs) associated with a coffee intake of 2 to 4 cups/day were 0.82 (0.73, 0.93) for CVD, 0.84 (0.73, 0.97) for CHD, 0.73 (0.57, 0.92) for MI, 0.76 (0.57, 1.02) for stroke, and 0.68 (0.55, 0.85) for HF. Higher coffee intake (≥5 cups/day) was not significantly associated with CVD outcomes. Coffee intake was linearly and inversely associated with risk of CKD (HR for ≥5 vs. 0 cups/day = 0.64; 95% CI: 0.45, 0.91; P-trend = 0.0029) but was not associated with retinopathy or peripheral neuropathy. Among never-smoking individuals with T2DM, moderate coffee consumption (2-4 cups/day) was associated with a lower risk of various CVD outcomes and CKD, with no adverse associations for higher consumption.

Research progress on berberine in the prevention and treatment for periodontitis / 口腔疾病防治

@#Berberine is a natural isoquinoline alkaloid extracted from Rhizoma Coptidis and other Chinese herbal medicines. Since berberine has a variety of biological effects, such as bacteriostasis, anti-inflammatory, anti-bone resorption and blood sugar-lowering effects, and is associated with few side effects, studies are increasingly discovering its potential application in the prevention and treatment of periodontitis. This review summarizes the relevant research progress of berberine in the prevention and treatment of periodontitis in recent years, aiming to provide a new strategy for the clinical prevention and treatment of periodontitis. The results of the literature review showed that berberine could prevent the occurrence and development of periodontitis by inhibiting periodontal pathogens, reducing periodontal tissue inflammation and inhibiting alveolar bone resorption. However, the mechanism of periodontitis is complicated, and current research remains limited. In the future, more in vivo and in vitro studies are needed to further explore the mechanism of berberine in inhibiting the occurrence and development of periodontitis, and more large-sample prospective clinical studies should be conducted to confirm the effect of berberine on the prevention and treatment of periodontitis.

[Correlation and path analysis of artemisininum content and related factor on Artemisiae annie in Three Gorges reservoir area].

OBJECTIVE: Study on the correlation and path analysis of artemisininum comtent and related factor on Artemisiae annie. In order to obtain high artemisininum content Artemisiae annie. METHODS: On the natural condition, choose 36 area where Artemisiae annie growth in three gorges reservoir area. The related factor on artemisininum content are studies through correlation and path analysis. RESULTS: The artemisininum content had significant correlations with biomass, over cover degree, K, P, and N in soil. P in soil had the nost positive influence on the artemisininum content with the direct path coefficinent 0.3439, over cover degree had the nost negative in fluence on the artemisininum content with the direct path coefficient -0.1421. The influence order of other factor was N in soil (0.3180), K in soil (0.2352), biomass ( -0.0084), and plant height (-0.0347). CONCLUSION: Artemisininum content in Artemisiae annie leaves are correlated with biomass, over cover degree, K in soil, P in soil, N in soil.

Regulation of osteoclastogenesis by Simon extracts composed of caffeic acid and related compounds: successful suppression of bone destruction accompanied with adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats.

Simon extracts are vitamin K(1)-rich food materials extracted from the leaves of the Simon sweet potato. Although vitamin K is known to stimulate bone formation, we postulated that Simon extracts also contain unknown biological compounds having the ability to regulate bone resorption. Here we prepared the vitamin K-free fraction from the Simon extracts and investigated the ability of this fraction on the differentiation of osteoclasts. A remarkable inhibitory effect of osteoclastogenesis was observed when osteoclast precursors were treated with this fraction in rat bone marrow culture systems as well as in a pure differentiation system using murine osteoclast precursor cell line. The vitamin K-free Simon extracts markedly suppressed severe bone destruction mediated by abundant osteoclasts associated with adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis revealed that the vitamin K-free Simon extracts contained three types of low molecular weight inhibitors for osteoclastogenesis; caffeic acid, chlorogenic acids and isochlorogenic acids. Among these substances, caffeic acid showed the most powerful inhibitory effects on osteoclastogenesis. Caffeic acid significantly suppressed expression of NFATc1, a key transcription factor for the induction of osteoclastogenesis. Our current study enlightened a high utility of the Simon extracts and their chemical components as effective regulators for bone resorption accompanied with inflammation and metabolic bone diseases.