RESUMEN
HPLC analysis was performed on a Phenomenex PS C18ï¼4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 µmï¼column using methanol -0.2% formic acid (30:70) at a flow rate of 0.8 mL·min⻹. The column temperature was 30 °C and the detection wavelength was set at 335 nm. The injection volume was 10 µL. The HPLC fingerprint of Desmodium styracifolium was established with 10 common peaks, and 5 of them were identified as vicenin-1, schaftoside, isoorientin, isoschaftoside and isovitexin, respecivetly. The fingerprints of 21 batches of D. styracifolium samples were analyzed with similarity evaluation, cluster analysis, principal component analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis. There was no significant difference among the quantitative results of these five ingredients verified by external standard method (ESM) and quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker (QAMS) method. The application of fingerprint, pattern recognition combined with QAMS can provide more comprehensive references for the quality control and evaluation of D. styracifolium.
Asunto(s)
Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/normas , Fabaceae/química , Control de Calidad , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/química , Fitoquímicos/análisisRESUMEN
The research on distribution and quality suitability division of Desmodium styracifolium were formulated by Maxent and ArcGIS model based on the content of schaftoside and polysaccharide of D. styracifolium and its field research in the south and southwest areas of China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan and Yunnan), and the most suitable habitats of distribution suitability and quality suitability were screened. The distribution suitability results indicated that average air temperature in April,mean temperature of coldest quarter, soil type, coldness index were found as the four dominant factors contributing to the plant distribution. The quality suitability results indicated that: â Polysaccharide content and precipitation in April show significant positive correlation;Schaftoside content and mean temperature of April, mean temperature of coldest quarter show significant negative correlation. Schaftoside content shows significant negative correlation with the precipitation in October and November and the sunshine duration in April and May, while there is a significant positive correlation between schaftoside content and precipitation in April and temperature seasonality standard deviation, and a highly significant positive correlation was found between schaftoside content and precipitation in February and March. â¡The quality zoning map was drawn depend on general content of polysaccharide and schaftoside as the index of quality. And this research provides scientific location basis for the production regionalization, cultivation bases selection and directive breeding of D. styracifolium.
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Agricultura , Ecosistema , Fabaceae/crecimiento & desarrollo , China , Fabaceae/química , Glicósidos/análisis , Polisacáridos/análisis , Suelo , TemperaturaRESUMEN
Moderate drought stress has been found to promote the accumulation of active ingredients in Glycyrrhiza uralensis root and hence improve the medicinal quality. In this study, the transcriptomes of 6-month-old moderate drought stressed and control G. uralensis root (the relative water content in soil was 40%-45% and 70%-75%, respectively) were sequenced using Illumina HiSeq 2000. A total of 80,490 490 and 82 588 278 clean reads, 94,828 and 305,100 unigenes with N50 sequence of 1,007 and 1,125 nt were obtained in drought treated and control transcriptome, respectively. Differentially expressed genes analysis revealed that the genes of some cell wall enzymes such as ß-xylosidase, legumain and GDP-L-fucose synthase were down-regulated indicating that moderate drought stress might inhibit the primary cell wall degradation and programmed cell death in root cells. The genes of some key enzymes involved in terpenoid and flavonoid biosynthesis were up-regulated by moderate drought stress might be the reason for the enhancement for the active ingredients accumulation in G. uralensis root. The promotion of the biosynthesis and signal transduction of auxin, ethylene and cytokinins by moderate drought stress might enhance the root formation and cell proliferation. The promotion of the biosynthesis and signal transduction of abscisic acid and jasmonic acid by moderate drought stress might enhance the drought stress tolerance in G. uralensis. The inhibition of the biosynthesis and signal transduction of gibberellin and brassinolide by moderate drought stress might retard the shoot growth in G. uralensis.
Asunto(s)
Sequías , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Glycyrrhiza uralensis/genética , Transcriptoma , Raíces de Plantas , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Estrés FisiológicoRESUMEN
The dynamic changes of germination percentage, germination potential, thousand-seed weight, antioxidase activity in Desmodium styracifolium seeds with different storage time were tested, and electrical conductivity, contents of soluble sugar, soluble protein, starch in seed leach liquor were also determined in order to reveal the mechanism of seed deterioration. The results as the following. (1) The germination percentage, germination potential and thousand-seed weight of D. styracifolium seeds declined, while the seed coat color darkened with the extension of storage time. (2) The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) decreased with the prolongation of storage period. The SOD activity declined fastest in 1,095-1,185 d of storage, while the POD activity declined significantly in 365-395 d of storage. (3) The electrical conductivity and the contents of soluble sugar, starch in seed leach liquor increased, while the content of soluble protein declined with the extension of storage time. (4) Correlation analysis indicated that the germination percentage, germination potential and thousand-seed weight of D. styracifolium seeds have a significantly positive correlation with SOD and POD activity, while have a significantly negative correlation with the electrical conductivity, contents of soluble sugar and starch. It can be concluded that during the storage of D. styracifolium seeds, physiological and biochemical changes including decrease in antioxidase activity, rise in electrical conductivity, degradation effluent of soluble sugar and starch, degradation of soluble protein were the main factors leading to the seed deterioration.
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Fabaceae/crecimiento & desarrollo , Semillas/química , Color , Fabaceae/química , Fabaceae/enzimología , Fabaceae/metabolismo , Germinación , Peroxidasas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Semillas/enzimología , Semillas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Semillas/metabolismo , Almidón/metabolismo , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismo , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To explore the quality variation and genetic diversity of Desmodium styracifolium from different provenances, and lay a foundation for rational exploitation on germplasm resources and fine variety breeding of D. styracifolium. METHOD: Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers were developed to analyze genetic diversity in D. styracifolium from 18 resources. NTSYSpc-2. 11F software was used to analyze the similarity among the D. styracifolium germplasms and construct the genetic phylogenetic tree. The schaftoside content in D. styracifolium from different provenances was determined by HPLC. RESULT: A total of 844 fragments were amplified with 8 primers, in which 717 were polymorphic bands, accounting for 84. 27% of the total detected variation. All the specimens from 18 resources could be grouped into 3 clusters by cluster analysis. The schaftoside contents of D. styracifolium germplasms differed significantly, with the highest content in the germplasm from Sanya, Hainan. CONCLUSION: Significant quality variation and genetic diversity can be observed among D. styracifolium germplasms. The diverse germplasm resources should be explored and the fine variety should be selected to breed.
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Fabaceae/genética , Análisis del Polimorfismo de Longitud de Fragmentos Amplificados , Fabaceae/clasificación , Variación Genética/genéticaRESUMEN
The rhizome of Alpinia officinarum is a widely used Chinese herbal medicine. The essential oil in A. officinarum rhizome is mainly composed of 1, 8-cineole and other monoterpenes, as the major bioactive ingredients. In plants, monoterpenes are synthesized through the methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway in the plastids, and 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase (DXR) is an enzyme catalyzing a committed step of the MEP pathway. In the present study, the full-length cDNA encoding DXR was cloned from the rhizome of A. officinarum, using homology-based RT-PCR and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) techniques. The new cDNA was designated as AoDXR and submitted to GenBank to be assigned with an accession number HQ874658. The full-length cDNA of AoDXR was 1 670 bp containing a 1 419 bp open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 472 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 51.48 kDa and an isoelectric point of 6.15. Bioinformatic analyses revealed that AoDXR showed extensive homology with DXRs from other plant species and contained a conserved plastids transit peptide, a Pro-rich region and two highly conserved NADPH-binding motifs in its N-terminal region characterized by all plant DXRs. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that AoDXR belonged to angiosperm DXRs. The structural modeling of AoDXR showed that AoDXR had the typical V-shaped structure of DXR proteins. The tissue expression pattern analysis indicated that AoDXR expressed strongly in leaves, weak in rhizomes of A. officinarum. Exogenous methyl jasmonate (MeJA) could enhance the expression of AoDXR and the production of 1, 8-cineole in A. officinarum rhizomes. The cloning and characterization of AoDXR will be helpful to reveal the molecular regulation mechanism of monoterpene biosynthesis in A. officinarum and provides a candidate gene for metabolic engineering in improving the medicinal quality of A. officinarum rhizome.
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Isomerasas Aldosa-Cetosa/genética , Alpinia/enzimología , ADN Complementario/genética , Alpinia/química , Alpinia/genética , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Regulación Enzimológica de la Expresión Génica , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Monoterpenos/metabolismo , FilogeniaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To compare therapeutic effects of acupuncture at Xuanzhong (GB 39) combined with Chinese herbs pyrogenic dressing therapy and common acupuncture on calcaneus spur. METHODS: A single-blind, randomized and controlled trial was adopted. Sixty-six cases were randomly divided into an observation group (n=34) and a common acupuncture group (n=32). The observation group was treated with acupuncture at Xuanzhong (GB 39) combined with Chinese herbs pyrogenic dressing therapy and the common acupuncture group with common acupuncture, Yanglingquan (GB 34), Kunlun (BL 60) etc. selected. The markedly effective rate and the changes of heel pain scores, heel swelling scores, heel burning sensation scores, and walking function scores were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. RESULTS: The markedly effective rate of 64.7% (22/34) in the observation group was higher than 37.5% (12/32) in the common acupuncture group (P<0.05). After treatment, all the scores in the two groups were significantly improved as compared with before treatment (all P<0.05), and the observation group was better than the common acupuncture group (all P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The therapeutic effect of acupuncture at Xuanzhong (GB 39) combined with Chinese herbs pyrogenic dressing therapy on calcaneus spur is superior to that of common acupuncture.
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Puntos de Acupuntura , Terapia por Acupuntura , Calcáneo/efectos de los fármacos , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/uso terapéutico , Osteofito/tratamiento farmacológico , Adulto , Terapia Combinada , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Osteofito/terapia , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) of "Neiguan" (PC 6), "Shenmen" (HT 7), "Taiyuan" (LU 9), "Zhizheng" (SI 7) and "Sanyinjiao" (SP 6) on cardiac function in acute myocardial ischemia (AMI) rabbits. METHODS: A total of 60 rabbits were randomly divided into normal control, model, EA-PC6, EA-HT7, EA-LU9, EA-S17 and EA-SP6 groups. AMI model was established by intravenous administration of pituitrin. ECG, maximal ascending rate ( + dp/dt max) and maximal descending rate (- dp/dt max) of the left ventricular pressure, and left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP) were recorded. RESULTS: The heart rate (HR), +dp/dt max, -dp/dt max and LVSP decreased significantly after AMI (P<0.01). Compared with model group, the 4 indexes of EA-PC6, EA-HT7 and EA-S17 groups increased considerably (P<0.05, 0.01) at most time-points after AMI, and the effects of EA-PC6 and EA-HT7 were markedly better than those of EA-SI7, EA-LU9 and EA-SP6 (P<0.05, 0.01). No significant differences were found among model group, EA-LU9 and EA-SP6 groups in HR, + dp/dt max, -dp/dt max and LVSP at most time-points after AMI. CONCLUSION: EA of PC6, HT7 and SI7 has a good effect in improving ischemic cardiac performance, and the effect of PC6 and HT7 is markedly better than that of SI7. The effect of EA of SP6 and LU9 is poorer on ischemic cardiac function.
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Electroacupuntura , Corazón/fisiopatología , Isquemia Miocárdica/terapia , Puntos de Acupuntura , Animales , Masculino , Isquemia Miocárdica/fisiopatología , ConejosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) of "Shenmen" (HT 7) and "Zhizheng" (SI 7) on cardiac function and electrical activities of the cardiac sympathetic nerve in acute myocardial schemia rabbits. METHODS: Forty livid-blue rabbits were randomly divided into normal control, model, "Shenmen" (HT 7) and "Zhizheng" (517) groups with 10 cases in each group. Acute myocardial ischemia (AMI) model was established by intravenous injection of pituitrin (3 U/kg). Changes of heart rate (HR), maximum rising rate (+dp/dt max) and maximum descending rate (-dp/dt max) of the left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), and discharges of cardiac sympathetic nerve (superior cardiac branch) were recorded. EA (2 Hz, 5 V) was applied to bilateral "Shenmen" (HT 7) and "Zhizheng" (SI 7) for 30 mm. RESULTS: After AMI, HR, LVSP, +dp/dt max and firing frequency of cardiac sympathetic nerve decreased significantly (P < 0.01), and -dp/dt max increased obviously in model group (P < 0.01). Compared with model group, HR, +dp/dt max and cardiac sympathetic discharge of HT7 and S17 groups increased significantly 10 mm and 20 mm after EA (P < 0.05, 0.01), and -dp/dt max of the later 2 groups reduced evidently 20 mm after EA (P < 0.05, 0.01). No significant differences were found between HT7 and control groups in HR, LVSP and the firing frequency of cardiac nerve 20 mm and 30 mm after EA, and between S17 and control groups in the firing frequency of cardiac nerve 30 mm after EA (P > 0.05). The effects of group HT7 were significantly better than those of S17 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: EA of both HT7 and S17 can obviously improve cardiac function and electrical activity of cardiac sympathetic nerve in AMI, and the effects of HT7 are markedly better than those of S17.