Variations of pollen concentration in urban alleys of park city and the transmission pattern during the period of high allergenic risk: Taking Qingyang District of Chengdu City as an example.

Pollen (spores and pollen) allergy caused by green areas is one of the most serious environmental epidemics endangering urban public health. The pollen allergy rate in China reached 17.8% in 2022, characterized by a wide age range of onset, severity and diversity of symptoms. The aims of this study were to verify the consistency of the prediction results of pollen concentration and the index of allergenicity of urban green zones (IUGZA) equation, and to clarify the dispersal pattern of tree pollen in the urban alleys of cities with high density of static wind. We selected representative high, medium and low allergenic areas based on the allergenic stress in urban alleys of Qingyang District, Chengdu calculated by IUGZA equation, and monitored the pollen concentrations by selecting points and indicator species within the three allergenic areas. There was a consistency in the variation of pollen concentration in urban alleys of the three areas, with the highest pollen concentration in March. Mean pollen concentration showed a pattern of spring > autumn > summer > winter. The main pollen sources belonged to Ginkgo, Platanus, Firmiana and Cedrus, accounting for 42.4%, 16.3%, 9.0% and 6.5% of the total pollen, respectively. Wind speed had the greatest effect on pollen concentration and its dispersal distance in the urban alley. The horizontal dispersal distance of pollen was up to 260 m, and the number of pollen showed a significant negative linear correlation with the distance away from the pollen sources. The concentration of exotic pollen collected at the high site (4.5 m above ground) was much lower than that at the near-ground site (1.5 m above ground), but without difference in the types of pollen. The results of allergenic risk predicted by the IUGZA equation were consistent with the actual measured pollen concentration, which could be used in high-density static wind city.

New polyketides and diterpenoid derivatives from the fungus Penicillium sclerotiorum GZU-XW03-2 and their anti-inflammatory activity.

Two new compounds, named penisclerotiorin A (1) and diaporthein C (8), and a new natural product, penidepsidone A (4), together with five known compounds (2, 3, 5-7) were isolated from the fungus Penicillium sclerotiorum GZU-XW03-2. Their structures were assigned using spectroscopic methods, quantum chemical calculations, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Penisclerotiorin A (1) that belongs to the highly oxidized diphenyl ether is rare found in natural sources, and it was the sixth example of highly oxidized diphenyl ether analogues in natural sources. Penidepsidone A (4) is a new natural product and no any NMR spectral data were reported to date, in this paper, we firstly used the NMR calculations to confirm the intact structure by comparison of the experimental NMR data. Diaporthein C (8) represents the third example of pimarane diterpenes bearing a double bond at C-8 and C-9. In the bioassays, all of the isolates (1-8) were tested for their anti-inflammatory effects on the production of nitric oxide in lipopolysaccharide-induced microglial cells (RAW 264.7 cells). Compounds 2, 3 and 6 showed potent anti-inflammatory effects than the positive control (indomethacin, IC50, 24.0 µM) with IC50 values of 11.52, 8.13 and 21.27 µM, respectively.

[A multipathogen selective enrichment broth (SVV) for simultaneous growth of Salmonella, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Vibrio cholerae].

We formulated a selective enrichment broth (SVV) for simultaneous growth of Salmonella, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Vibrio cholerae by single factor experiment and response surface method. We evaluated the enrichment effect of SVV by conventional culture method and real-time PCR assay. We obtained the SVV broth by supplementting the Buffered Peptone Water (BPW) with bile salt no. 3, potassium tellurite, and sodium citrate as inhibitors, and glucose, mannitol, snhydrous sodium sulfite and sodium pyruvate as accelerants. We also modified the concentration of sodium chloride in BPW. When mixed at equal or varied proportions, the target pathogens had a great accumulation (10(5)-10(8) CFU/mL) after incubated in SVV for 18 h at 37 degrees C with shaking. It can also effectively inhibit the competitive microflora. We detected 10 artificial simulated samples and 608 real samples using SVV with real-time PCR. After enriched in SVV for 18 h, the quantity of the bacteria in samples were above the detection limit. The SVV with PCR assay showed higher tested positive (4.06%) compared to that of the conventional detection method (3.78%) and there was no false report. In summary, SVV is a promising new multiplex selective enrichment broth that can be used in detection of seafood.

[A multi-pathogen selective enrichment broth for simultaneous growth of Salmonella enteritidis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes].

OBJECTIVE: A selective enrichment broth (SSL) was formulated to allow simultaneous growth of Salmonella enteritidis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogens. METHODS: Suitable additive agents were selected by single factor experiment, the enrichment effect of the broth for the three pathogens were evaluated by conventional detection method and real-time PCR. RESULTS: A selective enrichment broth, SSL, was obtained by adding the selective agents, including nalidixic acid, lithium chloride, and potassium tellurite, in the basic broth, and sodium pyruvate and mannitol as the supplemented elements. Recovery of three target pathogens in SSL was obtained within 24 h of incubation at 37 degrees C, yielding cell dnesities of 10(7) - 10(8) CFU/mL. Meanwhile, SSL broth effectively inhibited the growth of non-target organisms. 710 samples were detected by SSL with real-time PCR, and there is no error report. CONCLUSION: SSL is demonstrated to be a promising new multiplex selective enrichment broth for simultaneous detection of the three most prominent foodborn pathogens by multipathogen detection on a single assay platform.