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1.
Sci Rep ; 8(1): 5873, 2018 04 12.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29651001

RESUMEN

Consumption of green tea (GT) extracts or purified catechins has shown the ability to prevent oral and other cancers and inhibit cancer progression in rodent models, but the evidence for this in humans is mixed. Working with humans, we sought to understand the source of variable responses to GT by examining its effects on oral epithelium. Lingual epithelial RNA and lingual and gingival microbiota were measured before and after 4 weeks of exposure in tobacco smokers, whom are at high risk of oral cancer. GT consumption had on average inconsistent effects on miRNA expression in the oral epithelium. Only analysis that examined paired miRNAs, showing changed and coordinated expression with GT exposure, provided evidence for a GT effect on miRNAs, identifying miRNAs co-expressed with two hubs, miR-181a-5p and 301a-3p. An examination of the microbiome on cancer prone lingual mucosa, in contrast, showed clear shifts in the relative abundance of Streptococcus and Staphylococcus, and other genera after GT exposure. These data support the idea that tea consumption can consistently change oral bacteria in humans, which may affect carcinogenesis, but argue that GT effects on oral epithelial miRNA expression in humans vary between individuals.


Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/administración & dosificación , MicroARNs/genética , Mucosa Bucal/efectos de los fármacos , Neoplasias de la Boca/prevención & control , Té/química , Adulto , Antioxidantes/química , Carcinogénesis/efectos de los fármacos , Catequina/administración & dosificación , Epitelio/efectos de los fármacos , Epitelio/microbiología , Femenino , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Encía/efectos de los fármacos , Encía/microbiología , Humanos , Masculino , MicroARNs/efectos de los fármacos , Microbiota/efectos de los fármacos , Microbiota/genética , Persona de Mediana Edad , Mucosa Bucal/microbiología , Neoplasias de la Boca/genética , Neoplasias de la Boca/microbiología , Fumadores , Staphylococcus/efectos de los fármacos , Staphylococcus/patogenicidad , Streptococcus/efectos de los fármacos , Streptococcus/patogenicidad , Adulto Joven
2.
J Cardiovasc Nurs ; 33(1): 62-71, 2018.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28481823

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Internet and mobile devices are widely used and provide alternative approaches for promoting healthy lifestyles, yet less information is available describing outcomes of these approaches when used with young African American (AA) women at risk for developing hypertension. OBJECTIVE: In this study, we evaluated a Web-based, culturally relevant lifestyle change intervention targeting AA women (referred to as the eHealth study). METHODS: African American women, aged 18 to 45 years, with untreated prehypertension and Internet access were eligible for a 12-week study that incorporated social cognitive theory strategies. Participants were randomized to (1) lifestyle physical activity (PA) or (2) Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) online education modules. RESULTS: The 14 DASH and 12 PA participant attributes were similar at baseline. The DASH participants had a significant change in total DASH score (P = .001) and large effect sizes for DASH components (vegetables, 0.84; nonfat dairy, 0.71; fruit, 0.62). The PA participants had a favorable change (+39%) in pedometer steps (P = .055). With respect to weight change, a large effect size was observed for PA (0.84) and smaller for DASH participants (0.18). Seventy-one percent of DASH and 48% of PA participants completed program activities, corresponding to a moderate difference in program engagement between groups (d = 0.58). CONCLUSION: Our eHealth platform provides an alternative approach for reaching young AA women and was successful with respect to improving PA and dietary behaviors. Furthermore, the eHealth approach has the potential as a powerful program for changing health behaviors for other at-risk populations.


Asunto(s)
Negro o Afroamericano/psicología , Dieta , Ejercicio Físico , Promoción de la Salud , Hipertensión/prevención & control , Telemedicina , Adolescente , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Femenino , Conductas Relacionadas con la Salud , Humanos , Hipertensión/etnología , Internet , Estilo de Vida , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores Sexuales , Adulto Joven
3.
J Cardiovasc Nurs ; 32(4): 365-371, 2017.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27428356

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Reports describing successful recruiting of minority participants are available; however, they focus largely on traditional strategies. Internet and mobile devices are widely used, providing alternative approaches, yet less information is available describing the success of these approaches. OBJECTIVE: This article (1) evaluates the feasibility of using online advertising as a recruiting modality for a healthy lifestyle behavior change intervention targeting young African American women and (2) describes lessons learned to better inform researchers for future directions. METHODS: African American women, aged 18 to 45 years, with untreated prehypertension and Internet access were eligible for a 12-week randomized study providing physical activity or nutrition behavior change education delivered via online modules. Traditional strategies included flyers, tabletop cards, blood pressure screenings, health fairs, and clinics. Online-related strategies included posting ads on Facebook, Craigslist, and on the university Web site, intranet, and "on-hold" telephone line. Descriptive statistics were used to identify frequency of recruitment strategies. χ Analysis was used to assess differences between enrolled and nonenrolled inquiries. RESULTS: Among all 176 inquiries, the most frequented strategies were the university Web site (44%), blood pressure screenings (15%), Facebook/Craigslist (13%), and clinics (12%). Enrollment rates differed across recruitment strategies (χ P = .046). The 3 highest enrollment rates were (1) employee in-services (100%), (2) flyers/tabletop cards (31.6%), and (3) word of mouth/physician referral (25%). CONCLUSION: Online-related strategies are convenient and have great potential for reaching large numbers of people. However, the actual rate of participants successfully enrolled online was proportionally smaller when compared with traditional recruiting strategies.


Asunto(s)
Publicidad/estadística & datos numéricos , Negro o Afroamericano/estadística & datos numéricos , Promoción de la Salud/organización & administración , Estilo de Vida Saludable , Medios de Comunicación Sociales/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto , Estudios de Factibilidad , Femenino , Humanos , Internet/estadística & datos numéricos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Selección de Paciente , Adulto Joven
4.
JAMA ; 315(5): 489-97, 2016 Feb 02.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26836731

RESUMEN

IMPORTANCE: Seafood consumption is promoted for its many health benefits even though its contamination by mercury, a known neurotoxin, is a growing concern. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether seafood consumption is correlated with increased brain mercury levels and also whether seafood consumption or brain mercury levels are correlated with brain neuropathologies. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Cross-sectional analyses of deceased participants in the Memory and Aging Project clinical neuropathological cohort study, 2004-2013. Participants resided in Chicago retirement communities and subsidized housing. The study included 286 autopsied brains of 554 deceased participants (51.6%). The mean (SD) age at death was 89.9 (6.1) years, 67% (193) were women, and the mean (SD) educational attainment was 14.6 (2.7) years. EXPOSURES: Seafood intake was first measured by a food frequency questionnaire at a mean of 4.5 years before death. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Dementia-related pathologies assessed were Alzheimer disease, Lewy bodies, and the number of macroinfarcts and microinfarcts. Dietary consumption of seafood and n-3 fatty acids was annually assessed by a food frequency questionnaire in the years before death. Tissue concentrations of mercury and selenium were measured using instrumental neutron activation analyses. RESULTS: Among the 286 autopsied brains of 544 participants, brain mercury levels were positively correlated with the number of seafood meals consumed per week (ρ = 0.16; P = .02). In models adjusted for age, sex, education, and total energy intake, seafood consumption (≥ 1 meal[s]/week) was significantly correlated with less Alzheimer disease pathology including lower density of neuritic plaques (ß = -0.69 score units [95% CI, -1.34 to -0.04]), less severe and widespread neurofibrillary tangles (ß = -0.77 score units [95% CI, -1.52 to -0.02]), and lower neuropathologically defined Alzheimer disease (ß = -0.53 score units [95% CI, -0.96 to -0.10]) but only among apolipoprotein E (APOE ε4) carriers. Higher intake levels of α-linolenic acid (18:3 n-3) were correlated with lower odds of cerebral macroinfarctions (odds ratio for tertiles 3 vs 1, 0.51 [95% CI, 0.27 to 0.94]). Fish oil supplementation had no statistically significant correlation with any neuropathologic marker. Higher brain concentrations of mercury were not significantly correlated with increased levels of brain neuropathology. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In cross-sectional analyses, moderate seafood consumption was correlated with lesser Alzheimer disease neuropathology. Although seafood consumption was also correlated with higher brain levels of mercury, these levels were not correlated with brain neuropathology.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedad de Alzheimer/patología , Química Encefálica , Ácidos Grasos Omega-3/administración & dosificación , Mercurio/análisis , Alimentos Marinos/efectos adversos , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Apolipoproteína E4/análisis , Autopsia , Cerebelo/química , Cerebelo/patología , Estudios Transversales , Registros de Dieta , Escolaridad , Femenino , Lóbulo Frontal/química , Lóbulo Frontal/patología , Humanos , Masculino , Selenio/análisis , Lóbulo Temporal/química , Lóbulo Temporal/patología
5.
Alzheimers Dement ; 11(1): 32-9, 2015 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24589434

RESUMEN

Randomized trials of α-tocopherol supplements on cognitive decline are negative, whereas studies of dietary tocopherols have shown benefit. We investigated these inconsistencies by analyzing the relations of α- and γ-tocopherol brain concentrations to Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology among 115 deceased participants of the prospective Rush Memory and Aging Project. Associations of amyloid load and neurofibrillary tangle severity with brain tocopherol concentrations were examined in separate adjusted linear regression models. γ-Tocopherol concentrations were associated with lower amyloid load (ß = -2.10, P = .002) and lower neurofibrillary tangle severity (ß = -1.16, P = .02). Concentrations of α-tocopherol were not associated with AD neuropathology, except as modified by γ-tocopherol: high α-tocopherol was associated with higher amyloid load when γ-tocopherol levels were low and with lower amyloid levels when γ-tocopherol levels were high (P for interaction = 0.03). Brain concentrations of γ- and α-tocopherols may be associated with AD neuropathology in interrelated, complex ways. Randomized trials should consider the contribution of γ-tocopherol.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedad de Alzheimer/metabolismo , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/patología , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Ovillos Neurofibrilares/patología , Placa Amiloide/patología , alfa-Tocoferol/metabolismo , gamma-Tocoferol/metabolismo , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Envejecimiento/metabolismo , Envejecimiento/patología , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino
6.
J Acad Nutr Diet ; 112(2): 285-90, 2012 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22732462

RESUMEN

High intakes of folic acid and/or elevated blood folate concentrations have been associated with negative health outcomes; thus, it is critical to identify those at greatest risk of such exposures. The goal of this research was to describe folate intakes (folic acid [µg], folate [µg], and total folate [dietary folate equivalent] from food) and identify people 45 years or older in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-2004 at risk of exposure to elevated serum folate concentrations (≥21.8 ng/mL [49.4 nmol/L]) when stratified by race or ethnicity and supplement use within sex. Black men consumed a lower mean food folate and exhibited lower red blood cell folate concentrations when compared to those of white or Mexican-American men (P<0.01 and P<0.01 for both). Black women consumed a lower food folate than Mexican-American women (P<0.01), less total folate (dietary folate equivalent) than white women (P<0.01), and had lower red blood cell folate concentrations than white women (P<0.01). Multivariate odds of elevated serum folate levels increased with age in men (P<0.001) and women (P=0.01). All white subjects and all supplement users (all P<0.001) were more likely to have elevated folate concentrations, while smoking reduced the odds of such exposures in women (P<0.001) and men (P=0.04). These findings highlight the need to understand the impact of chronic exposure to elevated folate intakes, especially among white subjects with increasing age and who use supplements.


Asunto(s)
Suplementos Dietéticos , Ácido Fólico/administración & dosificación , Ácido Fólico/sangre , Encuestas Nutricionales/estadística & datos numéricos , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Población Negra , Eritrocitos/química , Femenino , Alimentos Fortificados , Humanos , Masculino , Americanos Mexicanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Necesidades Nutricionales , Medición de Riesgo , Estados Unidos , Población Blanca
7.
Expert Opin Drug Saf ; 5(4): 511-22, 2006 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16774490

RESUMEN

Folic acid supplementation has drawn much attention in recent years for the prevention of Alzheimer's disease and cognitive decline. In this review, the authors describe how current evidence does not support the use of folic acid supplements to protect against cognitive decline. Although a few studies suggest that folic acid supplementation may provide neuroprotection among persons who are folate deficient, there is also data to indicate that supplementation in persons without folate deficiency may pose a risk to neurological function. Vitamin B12 deficiency is common in old age and may not be easy to recognise. Folic acid supplementation may mask the anaemia associated with vitamin B12 deficiency and, therefore, may delay treatment while allowing progression of neurological symptoms. Whether or not folic acid supplementation exacerbates neurological symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency is not clear. Further studies are needed to determine the possible risks and benefits of folic acid supplementation in older persons.


Asunto(s)
Cognición/efectos de los fármacos , Demencia/prevención & control , Suplementos Dietéticos , Ácido Fólico/farmacología , Complejo Vitamínico B/farmacología , Anciano , Ensayos Clínicos como Asunto , Ácido Fólico/efectos adversos , Humanos , Complejo Vitamínico B/efectos adversos
8.
J Nutr ; 134(4): 927-34, 2004 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15051849

RESUMEN

Few studies provide correlations between different indicators of the dietary intakes of older (>or= 65 y) black and white adults. This study compared the usual intakes of vitamin E, vitamin C, and selected carotenoids estimated by a modified Harvard food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to those estimated by multiple 24-h recalls, and to blood concentrations of components in a randomly selected sample of participants in the Chicago Health and Aging Project (CHAP). Subjects (n = 59) were interviewed to complete multiple 24-h recalls over a year's time, then completed an FFQ and subsequently provided a fasting blood specimen within 2 mo. Dietary estimates were energy-adjusted separately for men and women. Significant (P < 0.05) correlations between total (diet and supplement) FFQ estimates and serum measures of vitamin E and vitamin C were as follows: 0.49 and 0.39 for blacks, and 0.42 and 0.29 for whites, respectively. The highest correlations between serum and FFQ indicators were for dietary beta-cryptoxanthin (0.46), total alpha-tocopherol (0.46) and total beta-carotene (0.44) among whites; among blacks, the highest correlations were for dietary alpha-carotene (0.81), total alpha-tocopherol (0.53) and total beta-cryptoxanthin (0.50); all were significant (P < 0.05). Further adjustment for age, gender, BMI, and educational level minimally altered these coefficients. These findings indicate that the modified Harvard FFQ provides reasonable estimates of serum levels of vitamin E, vitamin C and beta-cryptoxanthin among CHAP participants.


Asunto(s)
Envejecimiento , Ácido Ascórbico/sangre , Población Negra , Vitamina E/sangre , Población Blanca , beta Caroteno/análogos & derivados , beta Caroteno/sangre , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/epidemiología , Ácido Ascórbico/administración & dosificación , Criptoxantinas , Suplementos Dietéticos , Escolaridad , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Recuerdo Mental , Fumar/epidemiología , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Vitamina E/administración & dosificación , Xantófilas , beta Caroteno/administración & dosificación
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