RESUMEN
The hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp (EGC) technique was used to investigate the effects of calcium salts of long-chain fatty acids (LCFA-Ca) and rumen-protected Met (RPM) on insulin sensitivity in the peripheral tissues of lactating cows. Six multiparous Holstein cows were used in a 3 × 3 Latin square experiment in each 14-d period. Dietary treatments were 0 (RPM0), 20 (RPM20), and 60 (RPM60) g/d of RPM, supplemented with a diet containing 1.5% of LCFA-Ca equal to 110% of the cows' ME requirement. And as a control for the 3 LCFA-Ca-containing diets, a dietary treatment without LCFA-Ca (Con) was also included. After a 10-d adaptation period, milk samples were collected for 4 d, and EGC experiments were performed on d 14 of each treatment period. Insulin solution was infused through a jugular vein catheter at a rate of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 milliunits·kg BW-1·min-1 for 30 min and then at a rate of 0.5 milliunits·kg BW-1·min-1 for 60 min. Glucose solution was variably infused to maintain plasma glucose at steady state through the same catheter. Blood samples for measurements were taken using the contralateral catheter. Plasma total cholesterol, cholesterol ester, free cholesterol, and phospholipid concentrations in RPM0 and RPM20 were higher than those in Con, whereas the concentrations in RPM60 were low at the same degree of those in RPM0 (P < 0.05). Plasma Met concentration was greatest in RPM60 (P < 0.05). In the EGC experiment, the glucose infusion rate was greater in RPM60 than in RPM0 and RPM20 and an effective concentration of insulin resulting in 50% maximal glucose infusion rate was lower in RPM60 compared with RPM0 (P < 0.05), indicating that insulin sensitivity was intensified in RPM60. Although the insulin sensitivity evaluated from the EGC data in RPM0, RPM20, and RPM60 was not different from Con, a slight decline was observed in RPM0 and insulin sensitivity in RPM60 was higher than Con. Our results from the EGC experiment demonstrated that the feeding RPM lead to increased insulin sensitivity, which suggests that dietary Met affects lipid metabolism via insulin action in lactating dairy cows fed a LCFA-Ca-containing diet.
Asunto(s)
Dieta Alta en Grasa/veterinaria , Grasas de la Dieta/farmacología , Resistencia a la Insulina/fisiología , Metabolismo de los Lípidos/efectos de los fármacos , Metionina/farmacología , Animales , Bovinos , Colesterol/sangre , Suplementos Dietéticos , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Ácidos Grasos/metabolismo , Femenino , Glucosa/administración & dosificación , Insulina/administración & dosificación , Insulina/sangre , Lactancia/fisiología , Metionina/sangre , Leche/metabolismo , Rumen/metabolismoRESUMEN
The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effects of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) on plasma ghrelin concentration in lactating dairy cows. Five early-lactating Holstein cows were randomly assigned to 2 dietary treatments in a crossover design with 2-wk periods. Treatments consisted of diets supplemented or not (control) with calcium salts of MCFAs (MCFA-Ca; 1.5% dry matter). Plasma hormone and metabolite concentrations in blood samples taken from the jugular vein were measured on the morning of feeding on day 14 of each period. Dry matter intake, milk protein, and lactose content of cows fed the MCFA-Ca diet were decreased compared with controls, but with no change in milk yield. Plasma ghrelin concentrations were higher in cows fed the MCFA-Ca diet; however, no significant effect was found on glucagon-like peptide-1 concentrations in plasma. Plasma insulin concentrations decreased, but plasma glucagon concentrations remained unchanged in cows fed the MCFA-Ca diet. The concentrations of nonesterified FAs, total cholesterol, and ß-hydroxybutyrate in plasma increased in these cows. In conclusion, dietary MCFAs increase the plasma ghrelin concentrations in lactating dairy cows.
Asunto(s)
Bovinos/fisiología , Dieta/veterinaria , Ácidos Grasos/administración & dosificación , Ghrelina/sangre , Lactancia/fisiología , Ácido 3-Hidroxibutírico/sangre , Animales , Glucemia/análisis , Estudios Cruzados , Grasas de la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Suplementos Dietéticos , Ácidos Grasos/análisis , Ácidos Grasos no Esterificados/sangre , Femenino , Péptido 1 Similar al Glucagón/sangre , Insulina/sangre , Leche/químicaRESUMEN
Our objective was to determine the effects of calcium salts of long-chain fatty acids (CLFAs) and rumen-protected methionine (RPM) on plasma concentrations of ghrelin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (7 to 36) amide, and pancreatic hormones in lactating cows. Four Holstein cows in midlactation were used in a 4 by 4 Latin square experiment in each 2-wk period. Cows were fed corn silage-based diets with supplements of CLFAs (1.5% added on dry matter basis), RPM (20 g/d), CLFAs plus RPM, and without supplement. Jugular blood samples were taken from 1 h before to 2 h after morning feeding at 10-min intervals on day 12 of each period. CLFAs decreased dry matter intake, but RPM did not affect dry matter intake. Both supplements of CLFAs and RPM did not affect metabolizable energy intake and milk yield and composition. Plasma concentrations of NEFAs, triglyceride (TG), and total cholesterol (T-Cho) were increased with CLFAs alone, but increases of plasma concentrations of TG and T-Cho were moderated by CLFAs plus RPM. Calcium salts of long-chain fatty acids increased plasma ghrelin concentration, and the ghrelin concentration with CLFAs plus RPM was the highest among the treatments. Plasma concentrations of glucagon-like peptide-1, glucagon, and insulin were decreased with CLFAs, whereas adding RPM moderated the decrease of plasma glucagon concentration by CLFAs. These results indicate that the addition of methionine to cows given CLFAs increases plasma concentrations of ghrelin and glucagon associated with the decrease in plasma concentrations of TG and T-Cho.
Asunto(s)
Calcio/administración & dosificación , Bovinos/metabolismo , Ácidos Grasos/administración & dosificación , Ghrelina/sangre , Péptido 1 Similar al Glucagón/sangre , Metionina/administración & dosificación , Fragmentos de Péptidos/sangre , Animales , Colesterol/sangre , Suplementos Dietéticos , Ácidos Grasos no Esterificados/sangre , Femenino , Lactancia/efectos de los fármacos , Análisis de los Mínimos Cuadrados , Leche/química , Leche/metabolismo , Triglicéridos/sangreRESUMEN
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: In man, muscle protein synthesis is accelerated by administering amino acids (AA) and glucose (Glu), because increased availability of amino acids and increased insulin secretion, is known to have a protein anabolic effect. However, in the horse, the effect on muscle hypertrophy of such nutrition management following exercise is unknown. OBJECTIVES: To determine the effect of AA and Glu administration following exercise on muscle protein turnover in horses. We hypothesise that administration of AA and Glu after exercise effects muscle hypertrophy in horses, as already shown in man and other animals. METHODS: Measurements of the rate of synthesis (Rs) and rate of degradation (Rd) of muscle protein in the hindlimb femoral region of thoroughbred horses were conducted using the isotope dilution method to assess the differences between the artery and iliac vein. Six adult Thoroughbreds received a continuous infusion of L-[ring-2H5]- phenylalanine during the study, the stable period for plasma isotope concentrations (60 min), resting periods (60 min), treadmill exercise (15 min) and recovery period (240 min). All horses were given 4 solutions (saline [Cont], 10% AA [10-AA], 10% Glu [10-Glu] and a mixture with 10% AA and 10% Glu [10-Mix]) over 120 min after exercise, and the Rs and Rd of muscle protein in the hindlimb measured. RESULTS: The average Rs during the 75-120 min following administration of 10-Mix was significantly greater than for the other solutions (P<0.05). The second most effective solution was 10-AA, and there was no change in Rs after 10-Glu. CONCLUSIONS: Administration of AA following exercise accelerated Rs in the hindlimb femoral region, and this effect was enhanced when combined with glucose, because of increasing insulin secretion or a decreased requirement for AA for energy. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: Further studies are required regarding the effect on muscle hypertrophy of supplementing amino acids and glucose in the feed of exercising horses.
Asunto(s)
Aminoácidos/administración & dosificación , Glucosa/administración & dosificación , Caballos/fisiología , Proteínas Musculares/metabolismo , Condicionamiento Físico Animal/fisiología , Aminoácidos/metabolismo , Fenómenos Fisiológicos Nutricionales de los Animales , Animales , Área Bajo la Curva , Estudios Cruzados , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Femenino , Glucosa/metabolismo , Miembro Posterior , Caballos/metabolismo , Insulina/metabolismo , Secreción de Insulina , Cinética , Masculino , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Necesidades NutricionalesRESUMEN
Juzen-Taiho-To (JTT) is a Japanese herbal medicine that has been administered mainly to patients weakened by long illness. Currently, it has also been used for cancer patients and showed antitumor effects that have been reported as phagocytosis enhancement, cytokine induction and antibody production. In this study, we examined the effect of oral administration of JTT in mice on the immunological restoration of the liver, especially focused on natural killer (NK) T-cell induction. Mice were grouped to receive JTT or placebo orally for a period of 1, 3 and 7 days. After sacrifice, the liver tissue was fixed, embedded and stained with hematoxylineosin and some antibodies by common staining methods. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) observation was also carried out. Although the JTT-treated mice had the same appearance as the non-JTT-treated mice, their livers were infiltrated by massive mononuclear cells, some of which were aggregated in clusters. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that there was abundant cytokine expression of interleukin (IL)-12 and massive infiltration of mononuclear cells with large granules in the liver of JTT-treated mice. Oral administration of JTT may induce the expression of IL-12 and be followed by immunological restoration such as NK T-cell induction in liver
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/farmacología , Leucocitos Mononucleares/patología , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Citocinas/biosíntesis , Femenino , Inmunohistoquímica , Interleucina-12/biosíntesis , Células Asesinas Naturales/inmunología , Leucocitos Mononucleares/metabolismo , Hígado/inmunología , Hígado/patología , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Microscopía Electrónica de TransmisiónRESUMEN
The aim of the present study was to examine the association between daily omega-3 fatty acid intake and depression in Japanese cancer patients. Omega-3 fatty acid intake in 771 patients with newly diagnosed primary lung cancer was evaluated using a food-frequency questionnaire, and the prevalence of depression was examined using the cutoff values for the depression subscale included in the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. After adjustment for potential confounding factors, the odds ratio (OR) for depression among patients in the highest quartile of the total eicosapentaenoic acid- (C20:5n-3) and docosapentaenoic acid (C22:6n-3)-intake group compared with patients in the lowest quartile was not significantly different. On the other hand, the OR among the highest quartile of alpha-linolenic acid (C18:3n-3) intake (adjusted OR=0.50, 95% CI: 0.31-0.71, P for trend=0.004) and the highest quartile of total omega-3 fatty acid intake (adjusted OR=0.55, 95% CI: 0.35-0.88, P for trend=0.022) were significantly different. These results suggest that total eicosapentaenoic acid and docosapentaenoic acid intake might not be associated with depression in Japanese patients with newly diagnosed lung cancer, but that alpha-linolenic acid intake and total omega-3 fatty acid intake might be.
Asunto(s)
Depresión/etiología , Dieta , Ácidos Grasos Omega-3/efectos adversos , Ácidos Grasos Omega-3/farmacología , Neoplasias Pulmonares/complicaciones , Neoplasias Pulmonares/psicología , Anciano , Animales , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Japón/etnología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Oportunidad Relativa , Escalas de Valoración PsiquiátricaRESUMEN
N-(4-Butyl-2-methylphenyl)-N'-hydroxyformamidine (HET0016) was evaluated as the first potent and selective inhibitor of 20-hydroxy-5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) synthase. The IC(50) value of HET0016 for the production of 20-HETE from arachidonic acid (AA) by human renal microsomes was 8.9+/-2.7 nM, with over 200 times the selectivity of xenobiotic-metabolizing cytochrome P450 enzymes. An examination of the structure-activity relationship revealed that the unsubstituted hydroxyformamidine moiety and the substituent at the para-position of the N-hydroxyformamidine moiety are necessary for the potent activity of HET0016.
Asunto(s)
Amidinas/farmacología , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/química , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/farmacología , Amidinas/química , Citocromo P-450 CYP2D6/metabolismo , Inhibidores del Citocromo P-450 CYP2D6 , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Humanos , Ácidos Hidroxieicosatetraenoicos/metabolismo , Concentración 50 Inhibidora , Riñón/efectos de los fármacos , Riñón/metabolismo , Microsomas/efectos de los fármacos , Microsomas/metabolismo , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
The present study investigated the incidence and ECG characteristics of ventricular tachycardias (VTs) originating from the left ventricular (LV) epicardium. Thirty-one consecutive patients with VT or premature ventricular contraction originating from the outflow tract (OT-VT) underwent catheter ablation. Twenty-one OT-VTs were ablated from the endocardium in the right ventricular (RV) OT and 3 were ablated from the endocardium in the LVOT. In the remaining 7 patients, 4 (13%) OT-VTs were LV epicardial in origin, and 1 of these was ablated from the left sinus of Valsalva. The ECG characteristics of OT-VT of epicardial origin included prominent tall R-waves in the inferior leads, an R-wave in V1 and an S-wave in V2, precordial R-wave transition in V2-4, a deep QS-wave in aVL, and no S-wave in V6. In addition, there was an atypical left bundle branch block morphology with an inferior axis. These findings were observed during pacing from several sites in the LV epicardium. Furthermore, pacing from the left sinus of Valsalva caused a relatively tall R in V1, deep S-wave in V2 and a tall R-wave with a shallow S-wave in V3, as well as tall R-waves in the inferior leads, which represented intermediate characteristics between RV endocardial OT-VT and LV endocardial OT-VT. In conclusion, OT-VT originating from the LV epicardium is not uncommon and has characteristic ECG findings. Some of them can be ablated from the left sinus of Valsalva.
Asunto(s)
Electrocardiografía , Taquicardia Ventricular/fisiopatología , Adulto , Anciano , Ablación por Catéter , Técnicas Electrofisiológicas Cardíacas , Electrofisiología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pericardio , Taquicardia Ventricular/cirugía , Función Ventricular IzquierdaRESUMEN
Anti-human rotavirus (HRV) activity of hot water extracts from Stevia rebaudiana (SE) was examined. SE inhibited the replication of all four serotypes of HRV in vitro. This inhibitory effect of SE was not reduced on the prior exposure of SE to HCl for 30 min at pH 2. Binding assay with radiolabeled purified viruses indicated that the inhibitory mechanism of SE is the blockade of virus binding. The SE inhibited the binding of anti-VP7 monoclonal antibody to HRV-infected MA104 cells. The inhibitory components of SE were found to be heterogeneous anionic polysaccharides with different ion charges. The component analyses suggested that the purified fraction named as Stevian with the highest inhibitory activity consists of the anionic polysaccharide with molecular weight of 9800, and contains Ser and Ala as amino acids. Analyses of sugar residues suggest uronic acid(s) as sugar components. It did not contain amino and neutral sugars and sulfate residues. These findings suggest that SE may bind to 37 kD VP7 and interfere with the binding of VP7 to the cellular receptors by steric hindrance, which results in the blockade of the virus attachment to cells.
Asunto(s)
Antígenos Virales , Antivirales/farmacología , Proteínas de la Cápside , Plantas Medicinales , Rotavirus/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Anticuerpos Antivirales/farmacología , Cápside/metabolismo , Línea Celular , Cromatografía por Intercambio Iónico , Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Peso Molecular , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Polisacáridos/aislamiento & purificación , Unión Proteica , Receptores Virales/efectos de los fármacos , Rotavirus/genética , Replicación Viral/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
The histological disorders related to the focal disappearance of the epiphyseal growth plate were examined histochemically in the proximal tibia of rats administered a high dose of vitamin A. Animals were given 100,000 IU/100 g body weight/day of vitamin A for 5 days from 4 weeks after birth (VA rats) or given deionized water as control and sacrificed on Day 12 and 19 of the experiment. Tibiae were examined by immunohistochemistry for type I, II and X collagens, lectin-histochemistry for Helix pomatia and backscattered electron imaging. On Day 12, the abnormally developed calcified cartilage matrix was detected within the epiphyseal growth plate in VA rats. The uncalcified cartilage matrix contained type I collagen but lacked type II collagen. In addition, the eroded regions accompanied with numerous osteoclasts and osteoblasts were detected in the epiphyseal growth plate. On day 19, eroded regions penetrated the epiphyseal growth plate to result in its focal disappearances with the eroded surfaces entirely covered with bone tissue in VA rats. These findings suggested that the cartilage matrix of the epiphyseal growth plate was abnormally calcified and showed the phenotypes like bone matrix. The eroded regions of the epiphyseal growth plate seemed to be caused by the invasion of osteoclasts into the altered cartilage matrix and might develop to the focal disappearances by the modeling or remodeling due to action of osteoclasts and osteoblasts.
Asunto(s)
Placa de Crecimiento/efectos de los fármacos , Vitamina A/farmacología , Animales , Bovinos , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Caracoles Helix , Inmunohistoquímica , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Tibia/citología , Tibia/crecimiento & desarrollo , Vitamina A/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
The initial disorders of the epiphyseal growth plate cartilage were immunohistochemically examined in the proximal tibia of rats administered a high dose of vitamin A. Male Wistar rats were given 100,000 IU/100 g body weight/day of vitamin A for administration periods of 1 to 5 days (Day 1 to 5) from 4 weeks after birth or were given deionized water and used as control. They were sacrificed after 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) injection on Day 1 to Day 5 to remove the tibiae. The tibiae were processed for immunohistochemical examinations using antibodies against type I, II, X collagens and BrdU. BrdU-incorporated chondrocytes and type X collagen-negative area were reduced since Day 2 and type X collagen-positive area was reduced since Day 4. The cartilage matrix partially lost type II collagen and deposited type I collagen in the epiphyseal growth plate near the periosteum on Day 5. These findings suggest that a high dose of vitamin A initially disturbed the differentiation from resting to proliferating chondrocytes, subsequently inhibited the differentiation from proliferating to hypertrophic chondrocytes, caused the chondrocytes to deviate from the process of normal differentiation, and finally resulted in the deformation of the epiphyseal growth plate.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Cartílagos/inducido químicamente , Placa de Crecimiento/efectos de los fármacos , Vitamina A/administración & dosificación , Vitamina A/toxicidad , Animales , Diferenciación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , División Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Condrocitos/citología , Condrocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Inmunohistoquímica , Masculino , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
The hemorheological effects of autologous blood storage with or without the use of erythropoietin were examined before surgery for valvular disease. There was no rheological difference between patients with aortic (16 cases) or mitral (10 cases) valve disease. Before storage, the levels of hematocrit, whole blood viscosity, and especially coefficient of rheology, were lower (p < 0.05) in the blood stored with erythropoietin, but this difference disappeared after storage. The plasma viscosity of both groups did not change before and after storage. The viscosity of blood was equalized after the storage of blood, irrespective of the use of erythropoietin.
Asunto(s)
Conservación de la Sangre , Transfusión de Sangre Autóloga , Viscosidad Sanguínea , Enfermedades de las Válvulas Cardíacas/cirugía , Adulto , Anciano , Viscosidad Sanguínea/efectos de los fármacos , Eritropoyetina/farmacología , Femenino , Hematócrito , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
The objectives of this study were 1) to quantify daily patterns of plasma flow and metabolite flux through portal-drained viscera (PDV) and liver in cattle fed twice daily and 2) to identify an interval for blood sampling that would approximate the average daily plasma flow and nutrient flux values. Data are from three experiments in which multicatheterized cattle were fed at or near ad libitum intake twice daily. Five lactating primiparous Holstein cows (506 kg, fed at 0730 and 1930) ate 17.3 kg DM/d as chopped alfalfa hay:corn grain plus supplement (urea and minerals) 50:50 (Exp 1). Five beef steers (474 kg, fed at 0900 and 2100) ate 8.3 kg DM/d as chopped switchgrass hay:corn grain plus supplement 37:63 (Exp 2). Six beef steers (306 kg fed at 0900 and 2100) ate 6.9 kg DM/d as chopped alfalfa hay (Exp 3). Plasma flow (by dilution of para-aminohippurate) was measured hourly for 24 h. Plasma flows (mean +/- SE) through PDV were 1,264 +/- 147, 538 +/- 56, and 499 +/- 26 L/h for Exp. 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Corresponding liver flows were 1,662 +/- 216, 642 +/- 41, and 591 +/- 30 L/h. The within-animal differences from their respective daily means were estimated as a function of time of day using nonparametric smoothing. Across experiments, PDV and liver flows were above the daily mean from 1200 to 1400, were not different from the daily mean from 1600 to 1700, and were below the daily mean from 1930 to 2130. Metabolites measured were ammonia, urea, alpha-amino N, and glucose. In general, metabolite flux was not different from the average daily mean values between 1200 and 1600. Blood sampling over 12 h or one 12-h feeding cycle is sufficient for daily plasma flow and metabolite flux estimation in cattle fed twice daily.
Asunto(s)
Fenómenos Fisiológicos Nutricionales de los Animales , Bovinos/metabolismo , Bovinos/fisiología , Sistema Digestivo/irrigación sanguínea , Sistema Digestivo/metabolismo , Hígado/irrigación sanguínea , Hígado/metabolismo , Amoníaco/metabolismo , Animales , Dieta/veterinaria , Fenómenos Fisiológicos del Sistema Digestivo , Femenino , Glucosa/metabolismo , Lactancia/fisiología , Hígado/fisiología , Masculino , Medicago sativa/normas , Flujo Sanguíneo Regional , Urea/metabolismo , Zea mays/normasRESUMEN
By targeting the ATP binding conserved domain in three ATP binding cassette superfamily proteins (P-glycoprotein, multidrug resistance protein, and cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator), we isolated the cDNA of a new ATP binding cassette superfamily that was specifically enhanced in a cisplatin-resistant human head and neck cancer KB cell line. A human clone homologous to rat canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter (cMOAT) was found and designated human cMOAT. Fluorescence in situ hybridization demonstrated the chromosomal locus of the gene on chromosome 10q24. The human cMOAT cDNA hybridized a 6.5-kb mRNA that was expressed 4- to 6-fold higher by three cisplatin-resistant cell lines derived from various human tumors exhibiting decreased drug accumulation. Human cMOAT may function as a cellular cisplatin transporter.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas Portadoras/biosíntesis , Proteínas Portadoras/genética , Cromosomas Humanos Par 10 , Cisplatino/toxicidad , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos , Adenosina Trifosfato/metabolismo , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Proteínas de Transporte de Anión , Secuencia de Bases , Sitios de Unión , Mapeo Cromosómico , Secuencia Conservada , Cartilla de ADN , ADN Complementario , Expresión Génica , Humanos , Hibridación Fluorescente in Situ , Células KB , Masculino , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Neoplasias de la Próstata , Ratas , Homología de Secuencia de Aminoácido , Neoplasias de la Vejiga UrinariaRESUMEN
This study determined the effect of dietary (dipalmitoyl) triacylglycerol (TAG) structure on the absorption and metabolism of fat in the presence or absence of cholesterol. Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing approximately 180 g were fed diets containing 10 g/100 g diet 1,3-dipalmitoyl-2-oleoyl-glycerol-rich oil (POP) or 1(3),2-dipalmitoyl-3(1)-oleoyl-glycerol-rich oil (PPO), either with or without cholesterol supplementation (0.5 g/100 g diet), for 2 wk. There were no differences in the growth of rats fed the various diets. The apparent absorption efficiency of dietary fat especially the apparent absorption efficiency of palmitic acid, was significantly lower in the POP groups than in the groups fed the PPO diets. The excretion of cholesterol in feces of rats fed the POP diet with cholesterol was significantly greater than those fed the PPO diet containing cholesterol. The excretion of total bile acids in the rats fed cholesterol was significantly greater than in those fed the diets without cholesterol. Liver cholesterol was significantly greater in rats fed cholesterol and was not affected by the TAG structure. Plasma cholesterol was significantly lower in the POP dietary groups than in the PPO groups. These results suggest that the absorption and metabolism of fat depend on the positional isomer of the fatty acid.
Asunto(s)
Ácidos Grasos/química , Metabolismo de los Lípidos , Lípidos/farmacocinética , Absorción , Animales , Ácidos y Sales Biliares/análisis , Ácidos y Sales Biliares/metabolismo , Colesterol/análisis , Colesterol/metabolismo , Grasas de la Dieta/metabolismo , Grasas de la Dieta/normas , Diglicéridos/química , Diglicéridos/metabolismo , Diglicéridos/farmacocinética , Ácidos Grasos/análisis , Heces/química , Isomerismo , Lípidos/química , Hígado/química , Masculino , Ácido Palmítico , Ácidos Palmíticos/metabolismo , Ácidos Palmíticos/farmacocinética , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Organismos Libres de Patógenos Específicos , Triglicéridos/análisis , Triglicéridos/químicaRESUMEN
The effects of nefiracetam [DM-9384; N-(2, 6-dimethylphenyl)-2-(2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl)acetamide], a cognitive enhancer, on extracellular acetylcholine and glutamic acid in the frontal cortex were studied using brain microdialysis in freely moving rats. Nefiracetam administration (1 mg/kg, p.o.) doubled the amount of acetylcholine in the dialysate. When tetrodotoxin was added to the perfusion solution, the basal level of acetylcholine decreased and nefiracetam caused no increase in acetylcholine outflow. The amount of glutamic acid in the dialysates was not affected by nefiracetam. These results suggest that nefiracetam increases the amount of acetylcholine within the cholinergic synaptic clefts.
Asunto(s)
Acetilcolina/metabolismo , Lóbulo Frontal/efectos de los fármacos , Pirrolidinonas/farmacología , Transmisión Sináptica , Animales , Canales de Calcio/efectos de los fármacos , Interpretación Estadística de Datos , Lóbulo Frontal/metabolismo , Ácido Glutámico/metabolismo , Masculino , Microdiálisis , Fisostigmina , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Escopolamina/antagonistas & inhibidores , Tetrodotoxina , Ácido gamma-Aminobutírico/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
By using the effects on HCl/ethanol-induced gastric lesions in rats, beta-sesquiphellandrene (2), beta-bisabolene (3), ar-curcumene (4) and 6-shogaol (5) were isolated as anti-ulcer active principles in ginger, the dried rhizoma of Zingiber officinale Roscoe (Shokyo in Japanese) which was cultivated in Taiwan, together with nine known compounds and a new diarylheptanoid. The absolute stereostructure of the diarylheptanoid was characterized as (3S,5S)-dihydroxy 1-(4'-hydroxy-3',5'-dimethoxyphenyl)-7-(4''-hydrox y-3''-methoxyphenyl)heptane (15) on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidence which included the application of the benzoate chirality method. The pungent effects of several constituents isolated from ginger were examined.
Asunto(s)
Anisoles/farmacología , Antiulcerosos , Diarilheptanoides , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/farmacología , Animales , Anisoles/análisis , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/análisis , Conformación Molecular , Sesquiterpenos Monocíclicos , Ratas , Sesquiterpenos/farmacología , TaiwánRESUMEN
By monitoring the effects on HCl/ethanol-induced gastric lesions in rats, a new antiulcer principle named 6-gingesulfonic acid was isolated from Zingiberis Rhizoma, the dried rhizome of Zingiber officinale Roscoe (cultivated and processed in Taiwan) together with three new monoacyldigalactosylglycerols named gingerglycolipids A, B and C. Their chemical structures were elucidated on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence. 6-Gingesulfonic acid showed more potent anti-ulcer activity than 6-gingerol and 6-shogaol.
Asunto(s)
Antiulcerosos/aislamiento & purificación , Galactósidos/aislamiento & purificación , Glicéridos/aislamiento & purificación , Guayacol/análogos & derivados , Plantas Medicinales/química , Ácidos Sulfónicos/aislamiento & purificación , Antiulcerosos/farmacología , Galactósidos/análisis , Galactósidos/farmacología , Glicéridos/análisis , Glicéridos/farmacología , Guayacol/análisis , Guayacol/aislamiento & purificación , Guayacol/farmacología , Ácidos Sulfónicos/análisis , Ácidos Sulfónicos/farmacología , TaiwánRESUMEN
A 54-year-old Japanese male was treated with a single shot of cisplatin-phosphatidylcholine-lipiodol (CPL) suspension due to bladder tumour (stage T2N0M0). Seven months later, a right lower ureteral stenosis developed. The possible cause of ureteral stenosis due to intra-arterial chemotherapy is discussed.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Células Transicionales/tratamiento farmacológico , Cisplatino/administración & dosificación , Cisplatino/efectos adversos , Obstrucción Ureteral/inducido químicamente , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/tratamiento farmacológico , Adyuvantes Farmacéuticos , Humanos , Inyecciones Intraarteriales , Aceite Yodado , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Fosfatidilcolinas , Factores de Tiempo , Obstrucción Ureteral/diagnósticoRESUMEN
To study the acute effects of isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN), nifedipine, propranolol and placebo on left ventricular diastolic filling in patients with myocardial ischemia, we repetitively performed exercise radionuclide angiography (RNA) following random assignment of each drug in 12 patients with effort angina pectoris, and 5 normal controls. Left ventricular time activity curves were constructed using computer technique. We obtained changes of hemodynamic parameters such as endodiastolic volume, systemic vascular resistance and ejection fraction. The peak filling rate (PFR), and filling rate in the first third of the diastolic period (1/3 FR) were used as the indexes of LV diastolic filling. 1/3 FR remained unchanged during peak exercise by the patients, while it increased significantly in normal controls. After administration of ISDN and nifedipine, 1/3 FR increased significantly during peak exercise by the patients. Especially after nifedipine, 1/3 FR improved significantly compared with the improvement after ISDN, although these two drugs had the same effects on systolic function. These findings showed that 1/3 FR was reliable as an indicator of LV diastolic filling in ischemic heart disease, and nifedipine improved LV diastolic filling not only by improving ischemic changes in myocardium but also by it's direct effect on left ventricular relaxation.